Excitation of Electromagnetic Radiation in Laminated Rocks under Acoustic Influence

The results are presented for the investigations into parameters of electromagnetic signal during acoustic action on laminated rocks represented by serpentinite. It is established that in the spectrum of electromagnetic signal, the maxima can appear due to the beating on superposition of close wave frequencies. The analysis of the obtained data indicates the resonance oscillation mechanism of electromagnetic signal origination.     

Preparation of magnesium hydroxide from serpentinite by sulfuric acid leaching for CO2 mineral carbonation

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) by mineral carbonation is a promising way for CO₂ emissions mitigation that has been under studied for decades. In this work, the preparation of magnesium hydroxide from Finnish serpentinite using sulfuric acid leaching as the first step of a CO₂ mineral carbonation process was studied. Some details of leaching behavior of the ore were revealed and a valuable metal was recovered in this study. It was found that leaching yield of magnesium increased with sulfuric acid dosage, limited by a product layer formed on the ore particles, resulting in incomplete serpentinite decomposition. Agitation and ultrasonication were demonstrated to be effective in controlling the thickness of product layer. About 95% of iron was recovered from the leachate and leaching residues and valuable Fe-rich substances were obtained as by-products. After the iron extraction, a fine Mg(OH)₂-rich powder could be prepared from the Mg-rich solution by precipitation using sodium hydroxide solution.     

四川某地软玉猫眼成矿特征

本文在区域构造背景和成矿地质条件的基础上,总结、概述了四川某地软玉猫眼成矿区的地质特征,得出四川某地软玉猫眼产于蛇纹岩体的剪切裂隙中,呈脉状产出。其成因类型属于受构造控制的动力变质热液交代矿床。     

辽宁宽甸地区硼矿区域成矿特征及找矿标志

辽宁宽甸地区硼矿资源丰富,其矿床赋存于早元古代下辽河群里尔屿岩组一段金云母蛇纹岩、蛇纹石化大理岩中,具成矿专属性,并与辽吉花岗岩空间关系密切。同时后期褶皱构造及断裂构造叠加作用使矿床受到破坏及改造。1∶20万化探测量结果显示,宽甸地区硼元素背景值为3.9ppm,取异常下限6.0ppm,不同异常的峰值在14.5~450ppm之间;物探磁法测量显示,区内硼矿床(点)主要分布在较规整的条带状正磁异常的内部及其边部梯级带内。本文据此提出:结合"就矿找矿"经验,在确定成矿有利层位的基础上,物化探异常可作为区内硼矿床重要的找矿标志。     

Petrology and origin of chromite mineralisation in the Khoy Area,NW Iran

There are several chromite occurrences in the Khoy ophiolite complex, in NW Iran. These deposits have been extensively altered and deformed, with the host dunite-harzburgite often undergoing complete alteration to serpentinite. The ophiolite complex composed of harzburgite, dunite, gabbro, diabasic dykes, pillow lavas which are accompanied by deep water sediments, radiolarian chert and plagic limestone. The Khoy chromite occurs as disseminated grains, nodular and discontinuous layers often in a lenticular form all characteristics of podiform chromite deposits. The Cr₂O₃% reaches up to 34.7% in the massive chromite bodies. The effects of tectonic activity and obduction are recorded as cataclastic textures and pull-apart structures in chromite grains. Geochemical studies confirm that the Khoy chromite is podiform type. It appears that this chromite has crystallised from a Cr-rich magma in separate, mini-magma conduits in the upper mantle.     

不同应力路径下脆性岩石的加卸载响应比研究

加卸载响应比（LURR）理论是研究非线性力学系统稳定性的一种代表性方法。通过3种应力路径研究了冬瓜山典型脆性岩石包括砂岩、大理岩和蛇纹岩的LURR特征。以轴向应力为系统输入参数,单轴压缩轴向加卸载条件下,随着荷载增加,轴向应变的LURR值开始保持稳定,接近峰值时出现突增-回落现象,环向应变的LURR值在荷载中期出现反常突增情况。三轴压缩条件下保持围压恒定,轴向加卸载的轴向应变和环向应变的LURR值存在与单轴压缩类似的特征。研究了轴压不变围压加卸载的简单加卸载定义,轴向应变和环向应变的LURR值在逐级加卸载围压过程中保持稳定,然后在接近破坏时呈现较大幅度的增长。最后分析了不同应力路径下岩石的破坏特征。     

Study of thermally conditioned and weak acid-treated serpentinites for mineralisation of carbon dioxide

This contribution assesses the dissolution behaviour of serpentinite specimens, featuring distinct stages of serpentinisation, by treating the specimens with aqueous solutions of formic acid. We have observed a marked improvement in the extraction of magnesium when the samples were finely ground and thermally conditioned before treatment with formic acid. An extraction of 42% for −25 μm particles activated at 700 °C (29% residual OH) could be obtained from the forsterite–lizardite bearing specimen whereas 66% of magnesium was leached out of the fully serpentinised antigorite mineral, which was crushed to a particle size of −53 μm and baked at 720 °C (36% residual OH). Combined results derived from FTIR and XRD indicate that heat activation between 500 and 720 °C results in a reorganisation of lizardite and antigorite to amorphised material, forsterite and silica. Unreactive enstatite forms from the amorphised material and silica once the heating temperature exceeds 800 °C. Semi-quantitative XRD analysis yields an estimate of the crystalline and non-crystalline (forsterite) fractions of the activated material, permitting approximation of relative rates of dissolution of amorphous and forsterite phases. Although FTIR provides important information on forsterite and silica formation, it cannot detect the amorphous material. Forsterite and amorphous phases alike dissolve in the weak acid but the formation of skins of the amorphous silica limits the overall magnesium yield on a laboratory time scale. The material that constitutes the skins originates from two sources: (i) silica formed in forsterisation of serpentine minerals undergoing heat treatment, and (ii) silica produced during extraction of Mg by a weak acid from amorphous and forsterite phases. Heat activation also leads to the formation of andradite and modified chlorite minerals that exhibit less solubility than forsterite and amorphous phases in weakly acidic medium.     

模糊控制在胶结充填系统中的应用研究

针对胶结充填采矿系统中,尾砂造浆浓度控制为利用常规方法难以控制的随机性的过程,探索将先进的模糊控制引入到尾砂造浆过程的自动控制中,以实现比较好的控制效果,详细介绍了模糊控制器的设计过程,表明这种方法设计简单,实现容易通过仿真试验表明,模糊控制鲁棒性好,浓度控制可靠、稳定、为胶结充填系统的自动控制提供了一种新的控制思路和方法,并且对于随机性的非线性形系统是一种很好的控制策略。     

我国煤炭资源状况与节约煤炭资源的有效途径

分析了我国煤炭资源基本态势是总量丰富,有效供给能力不足,开采浪费严重,长远看形势不容乐观,提出了实行煤炭资源资产化、严禁乱挖滥采、改革采煤方法,推广无煤柱开采、加强地质工作、衰老矿井资源挖潜等节约煤炭资源的有效途径。     

矿浆电解法处理脆硫锑铅矿的介质体系选择

通过比较和系统的试验，确定矿浆电解法处理脆硫锑铅矿的介质体系，结果表明采用HCl-NH4Cl体系，可实现金属锑的选择性提取，在阴极直接得到金属板，锑的溶出率大于98％。矿浆电解渣经碳铵化、脱硫，可以得到含铅大于45％，含硫小于15％的铅精矿和单质硫产品，铅的总回收率大于95％，角的总回收率大于80％，在HCl-NH4Cl介质体系中，采用矿浆电解法处理脆硫锑铅矿是可行的。     

江西某钨矿钨细泥选矿新工艺应用研究

江西某大型钨矿,日产细泥400~500 t,含WO30.13%~0.5%,-0.074mm含量大于90%,-0.02mm含量达32.3%。采用重选预富集-浮选-重选选矿新工艺选别该细泥,小型试验指标为:总钨精矿品位WO345.26%,回收率62.33%,其中白钨精矿品位WO355.38%,回收率29.82%,黑钨精矿品位WO338.76%,回收率32.51%。工业试验指标为:总钨精矿品位WO351.148%,回收率62.52%,其中白钨精矿品位WO365.43%,回收率31.40%,黑钨精矿品位WO341.90%,回收率31.12%。     

动压影响下坚硬围岩矿压显现规律研究

文章以正利矿14-1103工作面受动压影响下的变形破坏规律为研究案例,针对该矿煤层顶板较为坚硬,工作面回采过程中常出现顶板无法正常断裂,老顶悬空面积大,顶板易突然断裂,对工作面和工作面巷道的工作安全带来巨大威胁的问题,通过现场监测研究了动压影响下坚硬围岩巷道的矿压显现规律,以期对现有支护体系进行优化。研究表明:工作面的推进影响围岩应力的范围在100m以内,围岩应力受到显著影响的范围为20~30m;锚杆受力最大增速可达55kN/d,最大增量为70kN,顶板离层速度最大可达15mm/h,最大离层值为67mm,高速增长的时间短,应力、位移的变化具有突变的特性。     

基于ANSYS和SolidWorks直齿伞齿轮的虚拟设计

阐述了机械产品的虚拟设计,选用SolidWorks作为虚拟设计平台,以直齿伞齿轮为例,进行了实体建模,把生成的伞齿轮导入到ANSYS中,进行应力分析,得到齿轮应力集中的部位,确定了齿轮的失效部位。     

基于层状波速模型的矿山微震定位方法

针对矿山微震定位精度不高的问题,提出采用层状波速模型来代替传统均匀波速模型。采用试射法射线追踪技术来计算微震波在介质中的传播路径,在此基础上,研究了层状波速模型中Geiger定位方法,提出了层状波速模型中Geiger法精确定位的算法流程。通过MATLAB编程,实现了该定位算法,并且数值测试了该定位算法的准确性。数值测试结果表明:不考虑噪声影响到时拾取精度的情况下,新算法的定位精度在1m以内;考虑噪声影响的情况下,新算法的定位误差为9.3m,而采用传统均匀波速模型的定位误差达到28.71m,远远大于新算法的误差。最后,将新算法应用在冬瓜山铜矿,通过对16个微震事件的定位分析,新算法的定位效果优于传统的定位方法,事件位置更加集中。     

基于数字图像处理的钢丝绳裂纹在线检测

井下提升机中大量用到钢丝绳,从安全角度考虑钢丝绳在一定使用周期未断裂时就要更换,造成了钢丝绳的浪费,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于数字图像处理的钢丝绳裂纹检测方法,该方法采用CCD摄像头采集图像,并对采集的图像进行边缘检测,如果检测出裂纹就会产生报警信号并且传给上位机。实验结果表明该方法检测的精度高,并且减少了资源的浪费。     

中空高强度锚注锚索在金川矿区中的研究与应用

金川矿区具有大量的不良岩层,岩体结构面十分发育,岩体整体强度低,地应力大。巷道掘进后围岩变形量大,变形速率快,支护体破坏严重。采用中空锚注锚索进行巷道支护,其支护系统刚度大,锚索的载荷传递特性好,同时利用锚注一体工艺,实现全长锚固,提高了索体的单根承载能力,具有很高的抗剪能力。在金川矿区高地压、破碎围岩巷道中的研究使用,有效控制了巷道的变形破坏,延长了巷道的使用寿命,巷道支护成本显著降低。     

浅论创新性思维在浮选设备中的应用

矿物逐渐变得更细、更贫和更复杂,而又必须在环保条件及生产成本不断提高的情况下进行分选加工。这就要求浮选设备领域必须有所创新,才能迎接新的挑战。简述了创新性思维在浮选设备中的应用,以及在新世纪浮选设备发展的技术创新方向。     

玻利维亚ThayaMontana高硫铜金银多金属矿高效回收试验研究

原矿Cu品位2.52%,S含量达27.59%,硫化矿含量接近60%。铜硫分离十分困难;伴生Au、Ag含量极高,价值大,分别达7.8g/t、585.8g/t,应予以充分综合回收。工艺上摈弃传统优先浮选,采用混合浮选方案;在粗磨的基础上,对粗精矿进行再磨处理;药剂制度上采用新型抑制剂STY,并且加入少量硫化钠与活性炭进行脱药处理。在最佳条件下得到了铜、硫两种精矿产品,铜精矿Cu品位21.27%、回收率高达92.43%,同时铜精矿含银高达4115.8g/t、含金达34.9g/t;硫精矿S品位45%,含金7.5g/t、含银153.2g/t,铜、硫、金、银均得到了高效回收,尤其是铜硫分离效果很好。该研究为多铜硫金银多金属矿高效回收提供了一种可行的解决方案。     

青山煤矿瓦斯抽采、发电及余热利用

对煤矿瓦斯进行抽采,抽采出的瓦斯进行发电,发电余热进行井下冬季供暖,实现了瓦斯综合利用,既解决了瓦斯对煤矿安全生产构成的严重威胁,又创造了良好的经济效益,同时降低了瓦斯排放对大气造成的环境污染,有利于节能环保。     

铜铅锌铁矿选矿工艺流程研究

红岭铜、铅、锌、铁多金属矿,铜、铅品位低,铅仅为0.04%。为综合回收各种有用矿物,进行了选矿工艺流程试验。多方案工艺流程试验比较后推荐铜铅混合浮选再分离-混尾选锌-锌浮选尾矿弱磁选的工艺流程。该流程很好兼顾了各种目的矿物的回收,取得较好的工艺指标,铜精矿品位23.52%、回收率71.27%,铅精矿品位45.77%、回收率59.78%,锌精矿品位54.05%、回收率93.65%,铁精矿品位66.09%、回收率33.50%。