重庆市酒店类建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析

在对重庆市公共建筑运行能耗及中央空调系统管理现状调查分析的基础上,并与国内外同类建筑相比较,针对酒店类建筑的能耗特点对影响建筑终端用能系统的能源消费量的因素进行探讨,分析了既有酒店类建筑的节能潜力值,提出了对既有高能耗酒店进行节能技术改造和加强节能管理的主要途径。     

商业建筑空调节能技术探讨

针对建筑空调系统能耗的影响因素和商业建筑的特点,以商业建筑空调节能改造为例,从减少冷热负荷、提高冷热源效率、利用自然冷源、减少水泵电耗、减少风机电耗、改进气流组织等6个方面分析了商业建筑空调节能的具体技术措施和实施办法.     

商业建筑空调节能探讨

针对建筑空调系统能耗的影响因素和商业建筑的特点，以商业建筑空调节能改造为例，从减少冷热负荷、提高冷热源效率、利用自然冷源、减少水泵电耗、减少风机电耗、改进气流组织等6个方面分析了商业建筑空调节能的具体技术措施和实施办法。     

基于STIRPAT模型的节能建筑围护结构能耗分析

为了提升节能建筑围护结构能耗分析效果,提出基于STIRPAT模型的节能建筑围护结构能耗分析方法.首先,分析节能建筑围护结构的能耗情况,采用STIRPAT模型从宏观角度模拟对建筑能耗进行模拟,通过eQUEST软件进行微观建筑能耗分析.从人口、城镇化、建筑面积、消费水平、第三产业的发展五种建筑能耗的主要宏观影响因素和门窗、墙体、屋顶三种微观影响建筑围护结构能耗因素展开分析,通过回归分析法和反映系数法对宏观因素和微观因素实行计算.结果 表明,节能建筑能耗的宏观影响因素以消费水平指数和人均建筑面积为主,第三产业发展水平、城镇化率和人口总数为辅;节能建筑围护结构中窗传热系数最高,墙体传热系数略低,屋顶传热系数最低,节能建筑围护结构能耗大小排序为窗＞墙体＞屋顶.     

燃气分布式能源系统夏季供冷工况节能率分析

针对夏季冷电负荷不匹配的供冷工况,以常规燃煤电厂分产系统为比较对象分析燃气分布式能源系统的节能率,理论导出节能率表达式和节能的条件。对分布式能源系统发电效率、余热利用率和吸收式制冷机性能系数等因素对节能率的影响进行分析,发现燃气机发电效率对节能率的影响最为敏感,同时节能率的高低与建筑负荷需求冷电比大小有关。以燃气轮机分布式能源系统为例进行分析,结果表明在夏季运行条件下,燃气轮机进气冷却方案能进一步提高节能效益。     

火电厂建筑节能技术的应用探讨

根据火电厂建筑的类型与特点,叙述了建筑采光、墙体的保温隔热、绿色节能系统及节能灯具、建筑施工过程节能、厂区建筑集中供热供气等应采用的建筑节能技术,指出,提高电厂建筑的能源利用系数对火电厂的节能减排具有重要意义。     

建筑节能工作实践与探索

正能源问题已成为制约首都经济和社会发展的重要因素,其中建筑耗能占北京市能源消耗总量的1/3,北京市既有非节能建筑的能耗非常大,新建的高耗能建筑较多,公共建筑能耗特别是大型公共建筑电耗居高不下,导致全市建筑平均能耗过高,供热系统的综合效率较低,急需加快既有     

现代大型宾馆设计和运行管理中的节能措施探讨

本文从设计和运行管理方面探讨了现代大型宾馆的节能工作,从建筑外立面材料、建筑内部结构、总用电负荷预算、空调系统、热水系统、锅炉管道系统、照明系统和水景泳池系统等方面论述了节能理念,并提出了适用于现代大型宾馆的节能方案和技术,为现代大型宾馆的节能工作开展提供了理论和实践依据。     

遮阳型节能玻璃的全年节能评价

提出遮阳型节能玻璃的全年节能评价新方法，即太阳辐射综合节能效率SEC计算公式，将夏季遮阳节能与冬季透光节能同时考虑，不仅包含太阳辐射、建筑体形等常规建筑热工问题，而且还加入供暖空调系统设备的能效问题，该评价方法可用于全国不同地区的建筑玻璃系统选型，对建筑物冬季太阳能的合理利用具有积极意义。     

地下商业建筑负荷分析及空调系统节能设计

合适的空调系统能够为地下商业建筑营造舒适的人员活动环境.在对地下商业建筑负荷进行分析的基础上,提出适合地下商业建筑的空调系统节能设计方案,该方案可实现提高舒适性和节能的目的.     

基于可再生能源的建筑节能策略研究

在我国建筑能耗总量和耗能比重不断攀升的背景下,能源危机日益加剧。把太阳能、风能和地热能等可再生能源应用到建筑节能中,是解决建筑能源问题的重大抉择。由于建筑物外围护结构直接和外界接触,是室内热量散失的主要途径,讨论了节约能源的保温绝热策略。阐述了被动式太阳能利用、主动式太阳能利用、太阳能光电技术、风力发电、自然通风和地热利用的基本原理,对于每一种利用方式,从应用实际出发提出了具体的建筑节能策略。     

MODEST-An energy-system optimisation model applicable to local utilities and countries

MODEST, an energy-system optimisation model is described. It has been applied to a typical local Swedish electricity and district-heating utility and to the national power system. Present and potential installations and energy flows should be considered and their best combination can be obtained through optimisation. MODEST uses linear programming to minimise the capital and operation costs of energy supply and demand-side management. Seasonal, weekly, and diurnal variations of, for example, demand, costs, and capacities are considered. MODEST may be used to decide which investments to make, the dimensioning of new installations, and the operation of all system components. The municipal utility under study should now expand its heat production using woodchips. Electricity export or nuclear phase-out will probably raise the Swedish electricity prices. In this case, cost minimisation is achieved by introducing combined heat and power (CHP) production in the municipality. Fossil fuels should be used in the cogeneration plant at current taxation levels but biofuels are favourable if higher environmental fees are imposed for CO₂ emissions. Biomass capacity expansion could decrease local CO₂ emissions by 80%. Efficiency improvements for electricity use have robust profitability at high electricity prices. The Swedish electricity demand may be satisfied without nuclear power and fossil fuels through massive biomass use, wind-power supply, and energy conservation.     

Heat-storage characteristics of LongTan hydroelectric station’s building enclosure in China

The air rate is universally over-sized in underground hydroelectric stations causing energy to be wasted. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the right design heat load of air conditioning. This paper presents an analysis of the heat absorption and heat emission of the building enclosure of LongTan underground hydroelectric station. The results show that the heat adsorption and heat emission of an underground hydroelectric station’s building enclosure must be considered when determining the design heat load of the generator hall and water turbine room; the contrary is true for the busbar chamber and transformer pit. Considering these factors can decrease the air supply rate and the capacity of the air-conditioning equipment, thus saving energy.     

Application of energy storage enclosure with phase change materials in building energy saving

相变材料具有高效的能量储存功能。相变材料与建材基体结合,制成一种具有储热功能的围护结构。该围护结构可发挥相变储热功能,降低建筑室内温度波动,增强建筑热舒适度,能够更加有效地减少建筑物运行能耗,从而实现建筑节能。本文对当前现有相变材料的优缺点、相变材料在不同围护结构中的应用、相变储能围护结构对室内热环境的影响及对建筑运行能耗的影响、相变储能围护结构应用的经济性等方面进行了分析,提出相变储能围护结构在工程应用中所存在的不足及其发展前景。     

民用建筑节能影响因素分析

回顾民用建筑节能发展过程,针对我国民用建筑节能的发展现状,结合地区的气候特点,通过对民用建筑系统中影响城市民用建筑能源消耗的主要因素进行分析和研究,明确总体节能效果和各个因素对整体节能效果的贡献,探讨我国民用建筑节能的有效措施和节能的发展方向。     

Overview of rural building energy efficiency in China

Over the past three decades, people׳s living standard in China has been greatly improved, accompanied by the rapid increasing building energy consumption. Rural building energy consumption has become one of the most important parts of the total energy consumption in China, which deserves to be paid much attention. It is of vital importance to promote building energy efficiency for the New Socialist Countryside and energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper provides an overview of building energy consumption in the countryside, which figures out the situation and challenges in energy-saving work. The government has worked for years on rural building code system aimed at narrowing the energy gap between urban areas, but it is in the beginning phase. This paper has analyzed the only special issues about rural building energy efficiency and the mandatory standards for urban buildings, which can facilitate the development of rural building energy efficiency. Based on the above analysis, some recommendations regarding the improvement of rural building energy efficiency are given.     

冷库节能运行评价研究

冷库作为高能耗建筑应在节能运行方面进行考核,文章从传热学角度提出以冷凝器侧传热温差、蒸发器侧传热温差、围护结构热流量方面对冷库制冷系统性能和围护结构保温性能作考核,并运用此方法对冷库进行了抽检,作出了诊断和评价。     

Effect of ventilation strategies on air contaminant concentrations and energy consumption in buildings

Considering the diversity of indoor contaminant characteristics and generation patterns, finding an appropriate ventilation strategy that can secure acceptable indoor air quality with minimum energy consumption is a challenging task for HVAC system designers and operators. This study theoretically models and investigates the impact of various ventilation strategies on contaminant concentration behaviour and corresponding ventilation cooling energy requirements for a single‐zone enclosure. Two types of contaminants are considered; carbon dioxide as an occupancy dependent and formaldehyde, which is independent of occupancy. An airflow model is used to predict space pressure and air leakage rates across the enclosure envelope, and an air quality model is used to predict time‐varying contaminant concentrations. In addition, a building energy simulation model is utilized to predict the corresponding ventilation cooling energy requirements under hot climatic conditions. Results from this study show that acceptable contaminant concentrations during occupied periods can be achieved by different ventilation strategies but at substantially different ventilation energy requirements. More than 50 per cent reduction in ventilation energy requirements can be obtained while maintaining acceptable IAQ if proper ventilation strategy is employed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A state-of-the-art review of the sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings in Saudi Arabia

Sustainable buildings have an important role in achieving sustainable development by improving energy utilization and environmental performance. Buildings are considered as the biggest single contributor to world energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In Saudi Arabia, the significance of the building sector can be described on the basis of per capita electricity consumption, per capita carbon dioxide emissions, and the increasing number of buildings because of economic and population growth. Therefore, the country should consider establishing energy-efficient buildings to promote sustainable development. Efforts in developing energy-efficient technologies should increase for the national energy policy. This article comprehensively describes the current challenges and opportunities of energy consumption and various energy conservation options that are viable for the Saudi building sector. Current policy efforts for improving energy efficiency in Saudi buildings have been analyzed to enhance the sustainable development in the country. The study reveals that the energy conservation policy of the country has fairly improved in the past decades. However, the country has to focus on this area and perform urgent measures to adopt energy-efficient technologies in the building sector.     

The effect of glazing shape upon the thermal performance of buildings

The great incidence that glazing has in a building energy conservation makes it one of the most important parameters to be taken into account especially in commercial buildings, where the surface occupied by glass areas is very important. So, different shapes of glass areas and their influence in the energy consumption of a commercial building are studied in this paper. Horizontal glazing (with different heights) and vertical glazing (with the same area as the horizontal ones), separated by opaque areas are considered in a base case building. A traditional wall and a curtain-wall are considered, and the different annual consumptions per conditions unit surface, both in winter and summer, are obtained.