共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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生物质能转化技术及资源综合开发利用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
开发利用生物质能源,对保障国家能源安全、实现节能减排战略目标意义重大。我国生物质能的开发利用技术取得了许多优秀成果,但与发达国家相比,还存在不少差距。生物质资源可分为林业资源、农业资源、生活污水和工业有机废水、城市固体废物、禽畜粪便等,其化学组成和化学结构也差异很大。生物质能的转化技术方式主要为:直接燃烧方式,物化转换方式,生化转化技术,化学转化方式。面对传统能源的市场竞争,我国生物质能源开发只有依靠科技进步,将生物质能资源进行精细化工产品的深度利用,综合开发,使之增值,反哺生物柴油、燃料乙醇及生物质燃气等能源产品的开发;利用现代转基因技术培育能源植物新品种,提高出油率,降低原料成本;创新生物质能转化技术,提高生物质能产品产量、降低生产成本。运用精细化工技术平台开发生物质资源,已成为生物质资源综合利用领域的研发热点。在生产生物质能源产品的同时,综合开发利用生物质资源,将成为未来世界新的经济增长点。 相似文献
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规模化畜禽养殖业为社会带来巨大经济收益的同时,也带来了严重的环境污染问题。文章综述了我国畜禽粪便的资源化特征及其能源化利用方式,指出热化学转换技术是实现畜禽粪便由低品位能源转向高品位能源的关键技术,热解产物生物质炭由于其能改变土壤物理化学性能,可作为新型环境功能材料,并以其优良的环境效应和生态效应成为环境科学等学科研究的前沿热点。对畜禽粪便生物质炭的制备技术及其在土壤肥力改良、土壤温室气体减排以及受重金属污染环境修复的应用和机理方面研究分析的同时,展望了畜禽粪便生物质炭的发展前景,为畜禽粪便生物质炭技术的应用和推广提供一定的思路。 相似文献
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叙述了由生物质转变新能源的理念,生物质转换新能源的现状及必须解决的问题,介绍了"复相催化"技术、工艺特点和效益,指出,利用"复相催化"技术从污泥、油页岩等生物质中提炼燃油,改变了传统的生产工艺,有望使生物质能源成为未来世界能源的支柱,改变目前能源短缺的问题。 相似文献
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生物质致密成型研究进展 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
邱凌 《能源技术(上海)》1998,(3)
生物质能在可再生能源中是能量密度较高、可储运、可转换和较少受自然因素制约、兼有矿物燃料属性的能源资源。它可以通过常温压缩成型、热压成型和碳化成型工艺转换成具有一定形状、密度较大的固体成型燃料和碳化产品。70年代以来,随着全球性石油危机的冲击和环保意识的提高,世界各国越来越认识到开发和高效转换生物质能的重要性,投入一定的资金和技术力量研究开发生物质致密成型和炭化技术及设备,美国、瑞典、芬兰、日本等国在该领域的科研与技术的发展已达到世界领先水平。80年代初,生物质致密成型技术引起我国各级政府和有关部门的重视,“七五”和“八五”期间有了较大发展,然而,真正要达到商品化阶段,尚需要和解决以下发展障碍和制约因素:①机组可靠性较差,易损件使用寿命太短,维修和更换不方便;②生产能力偏低,单位产品能耗过大;③对原料的粒度和含水率要求较高;④成型燃料的包装和燃烧设备不配套。 相似文献
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综述了木质纤维素类生物质热解技术的研究进展,总结了不同生物质原料的热解机理,分析了产物的组成和性质,研究了产物的调控、改性和应用。指出未来的研究方向应该集中在以下几方面:技术改进,致力于改进生物质热解技术,提高能源转化效率和产物选择性;产品多样化,除了生物质热解产生的主要能源产品,如生物炭、生物油和生物气,还应着眼于开发高价值的化学品和材料,包括生物基化学品、特殊化学品和高性能材料;集成系统,应尝试将生物质热解与其他能源转化技术相结合,形成多能源联供系统,与生物质发酵、光催化、电解和储能等技术集成,以提高整体能源系统的效率和可持续性。 相似文献
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生物质能源转换技术与前景 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
开发和利用生物质能,能够获得气体、液体、固体和电力等形式的能源。本文描述了沼气及其综合利用、热解气化、发酵乙醇、能源植物、压块成型、垃圾能源回收和发酵产氢等生物质能源转换技术。 相似文献
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Low-grade heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles – A review of various applications
Bertrand F. Tchanche Gr. Lambrinos A. Frangoudakis G. Papadakis 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2011,15(8):3963-3979
An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) machine is similar to a conventional steam cycle energy conversion system, but uses an organic fluid such as refrigerants and hydrocarbons instead of water. In recent years, research was intensified on this device as it is being progressively adopted as premier technology to convert low-temperature heat resources into power. Available heat resources are: solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass products, surface seawater, and waste heat from various thermal processes. This paper presents existing applications and analyzes their maturity. Binary geothermal and binary biomass CHP are already mature. Provided the interest to recover waste heat rejected by thermal devices and industrial processes continue to grow, and favorable legislative conditions are adopted, waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle systems in the near future will experience a rapid growth. Solar modular power plants are being intensely investigated at smaller scale for cogeneration applications in buildings but larger plants are also expected in tropical or Sahel regions with constant and low solar radiation intensity. OTEC power plants operating mainly on offshore installations at very low temperature have been advertised as total resource systems and interest on this technology is growing in large isolated islands. 相似文献
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生物质液化技术可将低品位的固体生物质完全转化成高品位的液体燃料或化学品,是生物质能高效利用的主要方式之一。按照机理,液化技术可以分为热化学法、生化法、酯化法和化学合成法(间接液化),热化学法液化又分为快速热解技术和高压液化(直接液化)技术。生物质热化学法液化已成为国内外生物质液化的研究开发重点和热点,快速热解液化技术和高压液化技术是最具产业化前景的生物质能技术,生化法液化技术也是生物质能的研究热点。化学合成法液化技术并不适用于生物质液化,而利用生物柴油进一步生产生物航空煤油是得不偿失的,不仅成本高、资源利用率低,而且全生命周期碳排放增加,还不符合未来生物航煤的发展趋势。生物质含水量的高低是影响生物质液化过程中能耗、效率、污染指数和经济性指标等的关键因素,应根据含水量合理选择生物质液化技术。快速热解液化技术适用于低含水农林废弃物,高压液化和生化法液化技术适用于高含水生物质,酯化法液化技术适用于不可食用油脂,而各种液化技术均不适用于城市生活垃圾的处理,建议将其用作燃气型气化原料。 相似文献
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生物质就地及时压缩成型技术——Highzones技术 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
生物质能源在可再生能源中占有举足轻重的地位。大量、高效地利用生物质能源,尤其是我国的秸秆类农业生产废弃物,一直是生物质能利用技术研究开发的重点方向。一种全新的生物质颗粒燃料成型技术(Highzones技术)已由北京惠众实科技有限公司开发成功,在生物质燃料成型技术领域获得了突破性进展。2004年,经过瑞典农业大学生物质技术与化学研究所严格的系统测试,证明Highzones技术的性能优于国际上现有的颗粒成型技术。Highzones的发明可使生物质颗粒燃料的成型设备具有紧凑、经济、安全的特点,便于在生物质原料产地推广使用。通过进一步开发,颗粒燃料成型机还可以与联合收割机配套,实现同时收获粮食与秸秆颗粒燃料。Highzones技术能够消除生物质燃料规模化应用中存在的收、运、储成本高这一"瓶颈"问题,从而使生物质颗粒燃料进入商业化燃料市场,最大可能地替代化石能源。Highzones技术的应用和推广,可使形成一条生物质颗粒燃料生产与消费的产业链,对缓解我国能源紧张、减少二氧化碳排放、促进Z生态绿化产业发展,以及扩大农村就业、增加农民收入和改善其生活条件,将发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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A review on the development and commercialization of biomass gasification technologies in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With the fast economic growth, the energy demand in China has increased two-fold in the past three decades. Various energy resources have been exploited and utilized and biomass is one of the energy resources that is abundant and has been widely used in China for a long time. Biomass gasification is an efficient and advanced technology for extracting the energy from biomass and has received increasing attention in the energy market. In this paper the development of biomass gasification for various energy applications in China is reviewed and their prospects are discussed. Among the different biomass gasification technologies, biomass gasification and power generation is found to be the most promising biomass gasification technology that has great potential to be further developed in China. 相似文献
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Ayhan Demirbas Burak Demirbas 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2016,38(24):3578-3585
Bioenergy is a renewable energy source made from biomass, which are organic materials such as plants and animals. Until enough biomass resources to ensure energy demand in the world is available, the bioenergy obtained from biomass, there may be used for heat, electrical and transport. Main biomass thermo-chemical conversion technologies are pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction. Biomass can be burned to produce heat and electricity, changed to gas-like fuels such as methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, or changed to a liquid fuel. Modern biomass can be used for the generation of electricity and heat using modern conversion technologies. Technological advances have made modern biomass cogeneration plants cleaner, more efficient, and, under certain conditions, cost-effective as compared to public utility grids and fossil-fuel boilers or generators. Biomass can be converted to liquid biofuels: bioethanol and biodiesel. Two biofuels are becoming more and more attractive and competitive as complementary to or substitutions for petroleum basic products, due to their economic and environmental benefits. 相似文献
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The associated harmful environmental, health and social effects with the use of traditional biomass and fossil fuel has enhanced the growing interest in the search for alternate cleaner source of energy globally. Ghana, a developing country depends heavy on woodfuel as a source of fuel contributing about 72% of the primary energy supply with crude oil and hydro making up the rest. Biogas generation has simply been seen as a by-product of anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Having proven to be a practicable and promising technology, it has been very successful and a very reliable and clean source of energy when proper management programmes are followed. There are vast biomass resources including organic waste in Ghana that have the potential for use as feedstock for biogas production to reduce the over reliance of woodfuel and fossil fuel, and to help reduce the it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions which may be affecting climate change. Ghana having the technical potential of constructing about 278,000 biogas plants, only a little over 100 biogas plants has so far been established. This paper presents the energy situation and the status of the biogas technology and utilization in Ghana. It also presents the potential benefits, prospects and challenges of the biogas technology. 相似文献