75％氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂在玉米及土壤中的消解动态与残留

[目的]评价氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米上使用的安全性,建立其使用规范.[方法]于2009-2010年在南京和郑州两地进行了75％氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂在玉米和土壤中的消解动态和最终残留试验.样品用丙酮提取,乙酸乙酯萃取净化后,用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测,外标法定量.[结果]消解动态试验结果表明:在植株和土壤中半衰期分别为0.78～0.97、7.00～16.90 d.最终残留试验表明:75％氯吡嘧磺隆按推荐剂量(45 g a.i./hm2)和推荐剂量的1.5倍(67.5 g a.i./hm2)施药,玉米苗后3～5叶期施药1次,玉米收获期采样,检测的玉米籽粒、玉米植株及土壤中氯吡嘧磺隆的残留量均低于0.1 mg/kg.[结论]拟推荐我国氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米和玉米秸秆上的最大残留限量为0.1 mg/kg.     

48%乙·氯嘧磺隆乳油防涂大豆田杂草试验

４８％乙·氯嘧磺隆乳油（商品名 豆田灵）是由氯嘧磺隆和乙草胺混配而成。使用该药 剂２０￣２５ｇ／ｈｍ＾２在大豆播后苗前对水土壤封闭处理，对大豆田多种杂草防效稳定在９２％以上，持效期３０￣４０天，对大豆安全，比人工除草二次每ｈｍ＾２增产大豆２２５ｋｇ。     

烟嘧磺隆和氯氟吡氧乙酸混配防除玉米田杂草及其安全性

通过几种除草剂在玉米苗后4～5叶期对田间杂草的药效试验结果表明,各处理药后20 d的株防效和鲜重防效差异都不明显.按除草效果,宜选用制剂用量为38%莠去津SC 1500 mL/hm2 5%烟嘧磺隆OF 1050 mL/hm2或5%炯嘧磺隆OF 1050 mL/hm2 20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 750 mL/hm2,但从经济和安全的角度,宜选用5%炯嘧磺隆OF 900 mL/hm2 20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 300 mL/hm2.     

4%氯吡嘧磺隆·烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田杂草的防除效果研究

[目的]为明确氯吡嘧磺隆、烟嘧磺隆联合作用效果和4%氯吡嘧磺隆·烟嘧磺隆OD对玉米田杂草的防治效果以及对玉米的安全性进行研究。[方法]采用茎叶喷雾法测定了2种除草剂室内联合作用试验,并对筛选的4%氯吡嘧磺隆·烟嘧磺隆OD进行了田间药效试验。[结果]氯吡嘧磺隆、烟嘧磺隆以1:1复配对玉米田一年生杂草的联合作用较好,4%氯吡嘧磺隆·烟嘧磺隆OD的推荐使用剂量为42~54g a.i./hm2,药后35d对杂草的总体防效可达到93.4%~97.2%。[结论]氯吡嘧磺隆、烟嘧磺隆复配互补性强,对反枝苋等杂草增效作用明显,4%氯吡嘧磺隆·烟嘧磺隆OD能够有效防除玉米田一年生杂草,并对玉米安全。     

氯嘧黄隆防除大豆田杂草试验

氯嘧黄隆防除大豆田杂草试验李凤敏，尚嘉彦，刘元荣（河南省农科院植保所，郑州４５０００２）氯嘧黄隆是磺酰脲类大豆田除草剂，可由植物的根、茎、叶迅速吸收并能在体内传导，为探索其除草效果、使用技术及对大豆的影响，我们于１９９２～１９９３年在夏大豆田做了田间...     

美国批准杜邦的两种大豆除草剂

美国已批准杜邦的两种大豆除草剂,这两种除草剂均含有已建立市场地位的磺酰脲除草剂和Valent公司开发的丙炔氟草胺两种成分。这两种大豆除草剂的名称为：①Enlite[flumioxazinc丙炔氧草胺]36．2％＋chlorimuror—ethyl（氯嘧磺隆）2．9％＋thifensulfuron—methyl（噻吩磺隆）8．8％]。     

84%氯酯磺草胺WG防除大豆田恶性杂草

84%氯酯磺草胺WG对大豆田鸭跖草防效的研究结果表明:84%氯酯磺草胺WG比对照药剂25%氟磺胺草醚AS施药量为375 g a.i./hm2对鸭跖草的防效好,其施药量必须超过25.2 g a.i./hm2;84%氯酯磺草胺WG对多年生苣莫菜、刺儿菜防效的研究结果表明:84%氯酯磺草胺WG比对照药剂48%苯达松As施药量为1440 g a.i./hm2对多年生苣荬菜、刺儿菜的防效好,其施药量必须达到37.8～50.4 g a.i./hm2.     

氯嘧磺隆产品登记动态概况

氯嘧磺隆除草剂,国外企业于1994年在我国登记25%氯嘧磺隆干悬浮剂(商品名称豆威),防除大豆阔叶杂草用量(有效成分,下同)15￣22.5克/公顷。国内首家企业于1992年登记原药,20%可湿性粉剂入市,1994年首家企业登记复配制剂43%氯嘧·乙乳油,防除大豆一年生阔叶杂草及禾本科杂草用量1     

10％吡嘧磺隆片剂对水稻稗草的除草活性和田间药效

对10％吡嘧磺隆片剂进行了除草活性和田间药效测定.结果显示,10％吡嘧磺隆片剂对水稻稗草ED9o为138.6 g a.i/ha,而对照药剂10％吡嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂的ED90为141.2 g a.i/ha.大田药效试验结果显示,在有效成分22.5 ～ 45 g/hm2剂量直接抛施防除水稻直播田稗草,处理后45 d内的防效...     

氯嘧磺隆抗体制备的研究

氯嘧磺隆是超高效磺酰脲类除草剂、20世纪70年代中期由美国杜邦公司Geog Levitt发现，并于80年代大规模商品化生产，1993年后在我国大面积使用。氯嘧磺隆是广效广谱的大豆田除草剂．有效用量为10～15g／hm^2,可芽前或芽后选择性防阔叶杂草及某些禾本杂草。但是由于其残留毒性，荏残留量5μg/kg时就会使下茬敏感作物（如白菜、油菜等）受害。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.