Experiences of Biological Iron and Manganese Removal in Finland

Even though groundwater resources in Finland are adequate, and theoretically the total water consumption could be supplied from this source, in practice only about 50% of the total consumption is from groundwater. There are thousands of unconnected small aquifers dispersed all over the country, and the use of these as water supplies is not economically possible.
Biological iron and manganese removal systems appear to be a promising alternative to chemical treatment. In Finland the following biological treatment systems are in use: (i) VYREDOX method; (ii) overland flow method; (iii) slow sand filtration; (iv) re-infiltration; and (v) biological reactors.
Active iron and manganese bacteria play the most essential role in all these applications, and different methods of removal are discussed in detail in the paper.     

争创精品工程的几点体会

简述了争创精品工程的意义，详细阐述了精品工程的关键在于施工过程管理的创和企业质量管理意识的争，指出创与争应很好结合，以使精品工程更多、更精，从而全面提高建筑物的质量。     

对砖混结构房屋裂缝的预防及治理措施

从温度应变、不均匀沉降、荷载等方面分析了砖混结构墙体产生裂缝的原因，介绍了各种裂缝的特征，从设计和施工角度提出了裂缝预防措施，以提高房屋的安全性。     

化工建筑设计的几点体会

从腐蚀介质的方式、耐腐材料的选择、建筑结构的选择方面介绍了化工建筑的防腐设计，阐述了化工建筑中常见部位的防腐措施，从而达到工业建筑设计讲究的实用、耐用、结构合理，满足其使用功能的要求。     

某办公写字楼暖通空调设计经验

结合工程实例,从集中冷源及空调水系统、空调冷冻水系统、空调自控系统、热源及采暖系统、通风系统、防火排烟系统等方面对该办公写字楼暖通空调方面的设计过程进行了阐述,同时指出了设计中的不足之处,以供其他工程参考。     

对高层建筑内部疏散设计的几点体会

高层建筑结构复杂,容纳人员众多,在发生火灾的情况下,大楼内的人员能否安全撤离危险场所,关键在于疏散路线的设计和施工.安全可靠的疏散路线设计需要考虑的方面很多,结合工作经验,对高层建筑中疏散路线设计、避难层设计中涉及的问题进行分析.     

浅谈采空区某办公楼设计心得

结合国家《高层建筑箱形与筏形基础技术规范》,通过某一办公楼,探讨了采空区结构设计中的基础设计与构造措施,以积累特殊场地建筑物的设计经验,从而设计出安全、经济、合理的建筑。     

某商厦基坑土方开挖工程实践

结合具体的工程概况，阐述了基坑土方开挖施工方法及施工工艺，对施工进度、机械计划以及相应的成品保护作了探讨，并依据具体的规范标准，强调了一些安全措施。     

Exploring the concept of green infrastructure in urban landscape. Experiences from Italy,Canada and Finland

Several disciplines, such as landscape architecture, species conservation and water management, have contributed to the advancement of knowledge of Green Infrastructure (GI). However, doubts remain on the best approach to embed the concept of GI and related components in planning policies and practice. This paper presents a literature review of the scientific and policy frameworks of GI as well as the knowledge gap that exists between academics and practitioners. Furthermore, a discourse analysis of planning documents was conducted in the metropolitan regions of Milan, Montreal and Helsinki. The three metropolitan regions are challenging new forms of cooperation between academics and practitioners. The results show that while studies on GI are used to support planning strategies, they struggle to address spatial, landscape and environmental issues at the local scale. Closer interdisciplinary cooperation between academics, as well as between academics and practitioners, can help to find new approaches to urban landscape.     

唐山市在建筑节能工程建设过程中取得的经验

分析了我国建筑节能工程开展及发展缓慢的原因,阐述了唐山市建筑节能工程发展成果,提出了我国节能建筑应加大建设力度的几个方面,以积累建筑节能经验,促进建筑节能的发展。     

高层办公楼核心筒设计体会

阐述了高层办公楼核心筒的设计是完成建筑设计的一项重要内容,从电梯设计、消防疏散楼梯间、强弱电井、水管井等方面,对高层办公楼核心筒设计内容作了介绍,以确保建筑的整体设计.     

芬兰消防

打开世界地图,一位身穿绿色裙装的单臂少女静静地伫立在波罗地海之滨,美丽的长裙上镶嵌着无数闪闪发光的珍珠,这就是干湖之国——芬兰。芬兰全称芬兰共和国,位于欧洲北部,面积33．8万平方公里,全国人口约为520万。     

Radioactivity of fertilizers in Finland

Concentrating of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Th, ²³⁵U and ⁴⁰K in 81 samples of Finnish fertilizer were measured with Ge (Li) spectrometers. The samples represented 28 different types of fertilizer including those for agriculture, forests and gardens. The ratios of activity concentrations of ²³⁸U to ²²⁶Ra in the samples varied from 1.0 to 67 with a geometric mean of 3.6 and the ratios of ²²⁸Th ²²⁸Ra varied from 0.95 to 9.5 with a geometric mean of 2.4. The weighted means of radionuclide concentrations per unit weight of phosphorus in fertilizers were estimated to be 3800 Bq/kgP of ²³⁸U, 1100 Bq/kgP of ²²⁶Ra, 78 Bq/kgP of ²²⁸Ra, 190 Bq/kgP of ²²⁸Th and 210 Bq/kgP of ²³⁵U. The weighted mean of the ⁴⁰K concentrations in fertilizers was 3500 Bq/kg. The estimated total activities spread on tilled soils during the 1982–1983 season were 260 GBq of ²³⁸U, 72 GBq of ²²⁶Ra, 5.3 GBq of ²²⁸Ra, 13 GBq of ²²⁸Th, 14 GBq of ²³⁵U and 3800 GBq of ⁴⁰K. The amounts of the uranium isotopes correspond to about 21 000 kg of natural uranium.     

芬兰现代住宅设计

芬兰虽然地广人稀，但从其建筑设计门类上而言却是世界上最领先的国家之一。虽然建筑规模上不及中国，但对于很多问题的探索，芬兰却走在前沿。海林事务所作为芬兰最大的住宅方面专业事务所之一，其最近几年所做的普通住宅，别墅及一些城市中心公寓等各种住宅类型案例，当中进行的诸多尝试，应该代表着芬兰现代住宅设计的典型，并能给中国同行提供一些借鉴。     

Experiences with a gas driven,desiccant assisted air conditioning system with geothermal energy for an office building

Thermal driven desiccant assisted air conditioning systems make use of waste heat to dehumidify humid outside air in a desiccant wheel. Within the scope of a research project, an investigation of a desiccant assisted air conditioning system was carried out, and a demonstration plant was built in an office building in Hamburg, Germany. The HVAC system consists of a small CHP-plant, a desiccant assisted ventilation system and an earth energy system (borehole heat exchangers) for cooling instead of an electric driven compression chiller. The radiant floor heating system of the building is used for cooling. In this paper, measurement results and investigations of performance, energy demand and operating costs will be presented. It was found that considerable primary energy savings can be achieved (70%) using desiccant air conditioning with borehole heat exchangers. But even if electric chiller is used, savings of 30% in primary energy can be accomplished. Starting costs for the demonstration plant were not higher than for a conventional system, but running costs could be reduced drastically.     

Subsurface public assembly spaces in Finland

One of the most famous public spaces in Finland built underground in rock is the Retretti art centre and concert hall. This paper describes the Retretti caverns, as well as the Kannussillanmaki Theatre, near Espoo. In addition, the authors provide information about two underground projects now in the planning stages: a cultural and sports centre on an island near Helsink; and a space for public meetings and exhibitions, underneath Sibelius Park.     

原木交响曲芬兰赫尔辛基Laajasalo教堂

从国土面积上看,芬兰与其他欧洲国家相比无疑是一个小国,但是它在建筑设计方面的领先地位却是很多欧洲国家无法比肩的。说到宗教建筑,首先闪现在我们脑海中的国家无疑是意大利、印度等国家,但是芬兰最近出现的一些教堂     

芬兰赫尔辛基运动馆

赫尔辛基市需要对一系列运动馆提出一个合适的解决方案,这些运动馆包含供运动队和教练使用的更衣室,维护设施所用的设备间,目的是在市里提供数量众多的运动场以满足公众使用的需求.本馆的功能是在冬季可用做溜冰场,而溜冰场在夏季则可转变为网球场.除了加强对功能的重点规划外,其中一个主要要求是需要选择一种耐磨度高的外墙防火材料.