等离子喷涂氧化锆纳米涂层显微结构研究

利用大气等离子喷涂（APS）技术,在不锈钢基体上制备了氧化锆纳米结构涂层.运用XRD、SEM与TEM等分析手段对喷涂用粉末原料和涂层的显微结构、物相组成进行了观察和确定.实验结果表明,纳米氧化锆粉末经喷雾造粒后的颗粒粒径主要分布在15～40μm之间,流动性好,适合于等离子喷涂用.等离子喷涂氧化锆纳米涂层颗粒分布在60～120nm之间,晶粒发育良好.涂层物相由四方和立方相氧化锆所组成.氧化锆纳米涂层的气孔率约为7％,结合强度为45MPa。     

Plasma spraying of nanostructured partially yttria stabilized zirconia powders

Nanosized partially yttria stabilized zirconia particles, prepared using a co-precipitation method, were reprocessed into agglomerate powders using two methods for plasma spraying. The first method was to make micrometer-sized agglomerates directly following the grinding of the calcined yttria–zirconia agglomerates. The second method was to reconstitute the nanosized particles into micrometer agglomerates using spray drying. The deposition efficiency, porosity, microhardness and average grain size of the deposits made from these two reprocessed powders were studied. Distinct results related to the process parameters were obtained for the two types of powders. The second type of powder was more suitable for plasma spraying than the first one. Using the second type of powder, some unique results distinguished from those of the conventional partially yttria stabilized zirconia powders were observed and an optimized coating with a porosity of 3.8%, Hv_0.3 of 953 and mainly consisting of 1–3 μm columnar grains in the columnar direction and smaller than 100 nm in their cross-sections was achieved.     

MgAl2O4尖晶石涂层的显微结构

解XRD红外吸收光谱、ＴＥＭ和ＥＤＳ等方法研究了等离子喷涂尖晶石涂层的显微结构，结果表明，用等离子喷涂能获得结晶良好、阳离子分布比较有序的尖晶石涂层，涂层中尖晶石晶粒细小、均匀涂层热稳定性非常好，可在高温下长时间使用杂质可能导致涂层局部形成玻璃相涂层中尖晶石晶粒内存在大量位错，可能是在喷涂沉积过程中产生的变形所致     

Effects of shroud gas injection on material properties of tungsten layers coated by plasma spraying

Coated tungsten layers on stainless steel substrates were are produced by atmosphere plasma spraying. A shroud gas injection method was employed to reduce the ambient air entrainment into the plasma jets. The effects of shroud gas on the material properties of the tungsten layers were investigated by finding the dependence of oxide content, coating thickness and porosity on the injection velocity, shielding width, and mass flux of the shroud gas. The high injection velocity was more effective than thick shroud shielding in protecting the plasma jets from ambient air engulfment, and the mass flux of the shroud gas showed negligibly small effects on the suppression of air entrainment. Therefore, in order to produce a thick tungsten coating with low porosity and oxide contents, high injection velocity with a limited flow rate is a desirable operating condition for shroud gas injection in atmospheric plasma spraying.     

氧化锆纳米等离子涂层的结构与热震性能研究

利用大气等离子喷涂技术, 制备了氧化锆纳米结构和常规结构涂层, 并对涂层的显微结构进行了探查. 结果表明: 纳米结构涂层是由直径为100nm左右的柱状晶粒组成的层状结构; 涂层中存在大量的微裂纹和分布均匀的细小圆气孔. 纳米结构的涂层具有比常规涂层更好的抗热震性能, 其热震行为与常规涂层不同.     

等离子沉积氧化锆涂层显微组织及性能研究

目的以氧化锆粉末作为喷涂材料,使用等离子喷涂的方式制备出性能优异的氧化锆涂层。方法通过不同的工艺参数来对涂层的显微组织及性能进行优化,分别利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)等方法,研究了工艺参数对涂层显微组织影响,并通过高温氧化测试来研究涂层的抗高温性能。结果在其他喷涂条件固定的情况下,涂层的厚度与喷涂时送粉量有关,送粉量越高则涂层厚度越大;当改变喷涂距离时,涂层的致密度则随着喷涂距离的增加而降低;在高温氧化40h后,涂层表面没有发生明显变化。结论通过等离子喷涂制备的氧化锆涂层具有较好的致密度,孔隙率最低仅为3.24%;涂层具有良好的热稳定性,能够长时间在高温下稳定使用。     

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline CoCr coatings by plasma spraying

The present paper describes the synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline CoCr (ASTM F75) coating produced by plasma spraying for possible surgical implant applications. The feedstock powders were synthesized by mechanical milling to produce irregular agglomerates with an average grain size of less than 100 nm. The powders were then introduced into an argon plasma spray to successfully produce a nanocrystalline coating. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology of the nanometric particles and the resultant sprayed coatings. Microhardness and porosity measurements were performed on the conventional and the nanocrystalline coatings to characterize and compare the physical and mechanical properties.     

Nanoporosity of Al2O3 coatings obtained by impulse plasma deposition

Investigations of the size distribution of nanopores were carried out for alumina coatings deposited by the impulse plasma method. The single-phase (metastable and stable correspondingly) alumina coatings were deposited under different conditions of impulse plasma processes. The investigation of nanopore distribution was carried out using small-angle X-ray scattering. Despite the different phase composition of the coatings obtained, the most probable value of nanopores for both alumina coating materials were practically the same and equal to 5 nm. It appears that a coating porosity of the order of nanometres is characteristic for all coatings deposited by the impulse plasma method, because previously similar dimensions of nanopores were found for diamond, TiN and BN. It seems that during the impulse plasma deposition the coating grows on the substrate surface by condensation of ultra-small particles nucleated in the impulse plasma.     

掺杂纳米材料对等离子喷涂涂层组织性能的影响

对AT13粉掺杂纳米级材料Al2O3 13wt％TiO2的复合粉在等离子喷涂中的应用进行了研究，包括纳米级材料的分散、掺杂、制备微米粉及喷涂工艺参数。结果证明：掺杂纳米材料的涂层较常规微米级涂层结构有明显改善，涂层组织细化、分布均匀，孔隙率降低；涂层残余应力降低，亚微裂纹减少，耐磨耐蚀性能明显提高。纳米材料的加入，改善了喷涂熔融态粉末的流动性及平铺性能，改变了涂层晶粒生长机制。     

等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层的组织与性能

为了提高WC-12Co涂层的喷涂质量,采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)方法在Q235钢基体上制备WC-12Co复合涂层,探讨了不同工艺参数下涂层的组织与性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱仪(EDS)研究涂层形貌和微观组织及涂层成分演变规律,采用显微硬度计测试涂层显微硬度。结果表明:涂层主要由WC和W2C以及少量的Co3W3C和Co6W6C相组成;涂层主要以机械结合方式为主,厚度大约在300μm,粘结层厚度约为60μm。该试验最优工艺参数为电流300 A,送粉率50 g/min,喷涂距离110 mm;优化后涂层硬度为1 169HV0.5 N,孔隙率为3.6%。     

热喷涂纳米陶瓷层单向荷载应力分布有限元分析

为了探讨陶瓷涂层的微观结构(孔隙及裂纹)对涂层断裂特性的影响,采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米Al2O3/TiO2陶瓷层。以有限元分析软件模拟了纳米结构陶瓷涂层在单向载荷作用下的应力分布,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了其微观结构、内部存在的孔隙和裂纹等缺陷,将涂层的缺陷简化为大、中、小孔隙及裂纹,建立了涂层截面二维有限元模型,探讨了涂层受到单向荷载作用时的变形及等值应力分布。结果显示:涂层的小孔隙对应力分布影响不大,相邻孔隙的等值应力会发生叠加;涂层中孔隙的角度分布及孔隙距离对最大等值应力有影响,等值应力最大处最有可能产生裂纹。     

喷涂距离对Fe基非晶涂层孔隙影响的研究

热喷涂涂层中孔隙的存在会降低涂层的耐蚀性,减少涂层寿命,而热喷涂工艺参数很大程度上影响涂层的孔隙率。本文采用计算机数值模拟和设计验证实验的分析方法,重点研究了JP-8000超音速火焰喷涂系统(HVOF)制备Fe基非晶涂层工艺参数中喷涂距离与涂层孔隙的关联性。利用商用计算软件Fluent计算平台,研究加入粉末粒子前,喷枪内火焰温度和速度的变化规律,以及加入非晶粉末后,不同喷涂距离条件下颗粒飞行过程的温度和速度的变化规律。仿真结果表明,喷涂距离为360~380 mm时,非晶粉末颗粒在撞击基板时处于半融化状态,颗粒在基板上具有良好的流动性,可获得孔隙率较低的涂层。验证实验结果与仿真结果一致。X射线衍射结果表明,粉末、不同喷涂距离所制备的涂层以及同成分的非晶条带均为完全非晶态结构。SEM和孔隙率统计结果表明,喷涂距离为370 mm时,涂层截面的孔隙较少,且孔隙率最低,为0.57%,验证了计算模拟优化的最佳喷涂距离范围。     

Preparation and Properties of Plasma Spraying Cu-Al2O3 Gradient Coatings

In order to overcome the limitations of low adhesion strength and poor thermal-shock resistance of pure ceramic coatings, Cu-Al2O3 gradient coatings were fabricated by plasma spraying. The microstructure and distribution of Cu-Al2O3 gradient coatings were analyzed. The adhesion strength, thermal-shock resistance and porosity of the coatings were tested. The results show that the composition of the gradient coatings has a gradient distribution along the thickness of coatings. As copper has a relatively low melting point and the molten copper has good wettability on the surface of Al2O3, it can be melted sufficiently and could fill the interstices and pores among the spraying particles effectively, thus improves the adhesion strength, thermal shock resistance and reduces the porosity. The adhesion strength of the gradient coating is 15.2 MPa which is two times of that of the double-layer structure coating.     

涂布刮刀表面等离子喷涂纳米AI203—13％Ti02涂层的特性

为了深入研究纳米A1203-13％TiO：（ATl3）涂层的组织、性能与喷涂工艺参数之间的关系,采用正交试验法对等离子喷涂工艺的电流、电压、送粉率和喷涂距离等参数进行了优化,在涂布刮刀表面制备了纳米ATl3涂层。采用金相显微镜,SEM,EPMA和XRD等对纳米ATl3涂层的组织、磨粒磨损性能和结合强度进行了分析。结果表...     

Thick Graded Nanostructured Zirconia-NiCoCrAlY Composite Coatings by Plasma Spraying

Thick Nanostructured PSZ-NiCoCrAlY graded TBCs were got byair plasma spraying. The results reveal the morphology and phase transformation of TBCs by means of SEM and XRD. The plasma spray process results in a characteristic layered structure consisting of lamellae, unmelted nano-particles and an inter-lamellar porosity. The test results of thermal shock show that the graded coatings have different failure behavior. The failure mode was the spallation of top coat due to thermal stress. It has been found that the lamella consists of nanoscale columnar grains parallel to the spraying direction.     

铝表面钽／镝／铅复合涂层组织结构的研究

在铝材基体上,综合应用等离子喷涂和电弧喷涂等热喷涂方法,喷涂钽,镝,铅等材料,制备具有辐射屏蔽效应的多层复合涂层,用光学显微镜和ＳＥＭ对复合涂层的组织结构进行了观察分析,定量分析了涂层的化学成分,测量了喷涂样品的平面误差和涂层重量,结果表明,涂层之间结合紧密,组织均匀致密,孔隙率低,满足了辐射屏蔽要求,达到了预期效果。     

Influence of Annealing on the Grain Growth and Thermal Diffusivity of Nanostructured YSZ Thermal Barrier Coating

The nanostructured zirconia coatings were deposited by atmospherically plasma spraying. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the microstructure of the zirconia coatings. Thermal diffusivity values at normal temperatures have been evaluated by laser flash technique. Effect of annealing on the microstructure evolution of the zirconia coating has been performed. The grains and thermal diffusivity are increased with increasing annealing time and temperature. The grain growth is according to the GRIGC （the grain rotation induced grain coalescence） mechanism. The increase in thermal diffusivity is attributed to the grain growth and the decrease in porosity of nanostructured zirconia coatings.     

等离子喷涂氧化锆纳米涂层的组织结构与性能

研究了用纳米粉制备热障涂层的组织及性能与工艺参数的影响关系,对涂层制备具有指导作用.采用等离子喷涂方法以二次造粒的纳米ZrO2为喂料制备了熔炼隔离热障涂层,并利用X衍射物相分析、SEM、TEM、金相等分析手段观测了涂层的物相构成、组织结构和孔隙率.结果表明,涂层主要以四方相和立方相构成,并含有少量的单斜相.在喷涂过程中粉末熔化状况良好,涂层含有网状微裂纹,涂层致密度可达96%,比普通二氧化锆等离子喷涂层高.     

等离子喷涂NiCrBSi增强Mo涂层的组织结构和断裂韧性

为了开发既具有较高硬度、可防止黏着磨损、又具有一定孔隙能够储存润滑油的用于气缸内壁和活塞的热喷涂层,采用等离子喷涂制备了纯Mo和Mo-28%NiCrBSi复合涂层,采用图像法定量表征了涂层的孔隙率,采用压痕法测试了涂层的硬度和断裂韧性,研究了添加NiCrBSi对等离子喷涂Mo层的组织结构、孔隙率、硬度和断裂韧性的影响,并与某进口防黏着磨损Mo涂层进行比较。结果表明:等离子喷涂Mo-28%NiCrBSi复合涂层的孔隙率比纯Mo涂层略高,硬度为(561±83)HV3 N,比纯Mo涂层提高19%,比服役过的进口纯Mo涂层高约40%;复合涂层的断裂韧性为8.9 MPa"m1/2,约为纯Mo涂层的4倍,接近Mo块材。     

Characteristics of gas-tunnel plasma-sprayed coatings

The quality of Al₂O₃ coatings formed by gas-tunnel plasma-spraying apparatus has been evaluated with respect to hardness and porosity under various spraying conditions. The deposit characteristics of Al₂O₃ powder sprayed onto a substrate by this type of plasma spraying were also studied and the relation between the deposit characteristics and the spraying distance was investigated. Estimation of the deposit characteristics was found to be a very effective method for determining the proper spraying conditions under which a good quality coating can be obtained.