大环—1,4,7,10—氮杂十二烷合成的新进展

评述了大环－１,４,７,１０－四氮杂十二烷合成的进展,比较了不同方法的优劣,介绍了大环－１,４,７,１０－四氮杂十二烷最新合成方法。     

合成MTBE催化剂的研究动态

综述了合成ＭＴＢＥ的催化剂的发展及现状,并对各种催化剂的性能进行了评价,提出了我国发展ＭＴＢＥ生产的迫切性,并对今后催化剂的开发提出了建议。     

Recent developments on inorganic polymers synthesis and applications

An overview of advances in geopolymers formed by the alkaline activation of aluminosilicates is presented with their technological and commercial potentials. The potentiality to valorize a wide range of synthetic and natural aluminosilicate minerals or industrial aluminosilicate byproducts using geopolymerization is highlighted. Factors affecting the reactivity of the raw materials and the properties of the products are outlined with an emphasis on the safety and commercial approaches. Some recent applications of geopolymer in the fields of building materials, fire resistant materials, thermal insulation and purification are presented. It is observed that geopolymers are progressively overcoming the challenges associated to their use for the manufacturing of engineering materials for commercial purposes. This is driven by their environmental benefits and possibility to utilize a large component of recycled materials. The progress on standardization and the successful design of pathways with a good combination of safety, cost reduction, desired properties and the ease with which they can be used, are the key parameters that will enhance the development of geopolymers for engineering applications.     

Recent developments in the application of functionalized polymers in organic synthesis

Functionalized polymers have continued to find increasing use as supports for reagents, catalysts and protecting groups. Recent applications of these are reviewed along with the use of polymeric species in metal ion separations, in racemate resolutions, as specific adsorbents, in organic synthesis (notably in asymmetric reactions) and in the trapping and identification of reactive intermediates. Some indications of developments in the pipeline and areas of importance for the future are also given.     

煤矿阻化材料的研究进展

综述了近年来无机阻化剂、有机阻化剂、高分子阻化剂、复合阻化剂的研究进展,并介绍了各种阻化剂的优缺点;最后对其前景作了一定的展望。     

Recent developments in biopolymers

Society has been reaping the benefits of industrial polymers for a long time. Polymers have entered every market in a very influential manner, from the packaging industry to the construction business. The very properties that made polymers commercially viable are posing great environmental problems for our future generations. Also, the starting material for most of the commercial polymers is crude oil. Thus, environmental issues coupled with decreasing crude oil reserves have forced the polymer industry to find new sources. These problems having been taken into consideration, biopolymers have emerged as a promising field. This paper takes into consideration the sources of renewable materials, such as starch, lignocellulosic biomass, vegetable oils, proteins, etc.; the synthesis of polymers such as polylactic acid and monomers such as furfural, ethane, propanediol, etc., from renewable materials; and the recent developments in this field. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Recent developments in photoinitiators

A new photoinitiator, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide (1), has been developed for industrial applications. The absorption of this bisacylphosphine oxide (BAPO) compound in the near UV-Vis range is significantly higher than that of hitherto known photoinitiators for UV curing. Investigation of the photochemistry of 1 revealed the efficient formation of four radicals, which can all initiate polymerization. Since the photoreaction is accompanied by the destruction of the chromophore responsible for absorption in the near UV-Vis, photobleaching of the long wavelength absorption is observed and the photoinitiator does not impart yellowing in the cured lacquer. Studies using FTIR and RTIR techniques showed that these features result in a higher conversion of acrylic double bonds than obtained with other photoinitiators in formulations containing a high loading of rutile type titanium dioxide pigments. These findings were confirmed by application tests in different white pigmented coatings. Further, the new photoinitiator allows the fast curing of thick pigmented layers, which makes it suitable for use in pigmented furniture coating. This new class of high performance photoinitiators is expected to promote the development of UV curable white coatings of high opacity and other applications where light in the near UV-Vis range is essential for curing. A liquid containing 25 parts of the BAPO photoinitiator 1 and 75 parts of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-phenyl-propan-l-one (2) is an excellent technical and economical solution for most applications.

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Recent developments in the toilet-bar market

During recent years consumers have shown an increasing willingness to purchase more expensive toilet soaps. Two types of toilet bars in particular, surfactant formula bars and antibacterial bars, have shown steady growth. Surfactant formula bars have gained acceptance because of their excellent lathering properties and the lack of soap scum, which eliminates the unsightly “bathtub ring.” Antibacterial bars have gained acceptance because of their ability to reduce the number of resident bacteria on the skin. This reduces the incidence of superficial cutaneous infection and slows down the development of objectionable body odors attributable to the bacterial decomposition of sweat.     

Recent developments in zinc-based two-cation oxide spinels: From synthesis to applications

Zinc stannate (Zn₂SnO₄), zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄), zinc antimonate (ZnSb₂O₄) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl₂O₄) are examples of zinc-based two-cation oxide spinel semiconductors (ZTCOSSs) that have been investigated and employed in many applications. These include applications in solar cells, photocatalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectrics and sensors. Zinc-based two-cation oxide spinel semiconductors have peculiar properties that include low electrical resistivity and unique optics. Also, ZTCOSSs permit multiple redox reactions and exhibit magnetic properties depending on the cations. ZTCOSS has the advantages of better optical, electrical and chemical properties over the zinc oxide spinel semiconductor. In this review, the concept of zinc-based two-cation spinel oxides, fabrication techniques and their properties are discussed. Applications of zinc-based two-cation oxide spinel semiconductors are explored and the performance compared with that of single oxides spinel semiconductors.     

石油重质组分制备碳功能材料的研究进展

原油重质化趋势日益严重,超过原油总量10%的极重组分无法通过现有技术转化为轻质组分,因此将这部分碳氢比较高的重质组分脱氢制备碳材料成为其高效利用的一个重要途径。本文介绍了目前国内外采用石油重质组分制备碳材料的方法,包括重质油直接脱氢碳化制备碳材料、采用气相或液相沉积法制备碳材料。所得碳材料主要为活性炭、泡沫炭、碳纤维、碳纳米材料,以及多功能复合、掺杂材料等。分析了采用石油重质组分制备碳材料的优点、难点和今后需要开展工作的方向。     

Recent developments in polypseudorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes

This review highlights developments since 2008 in the field of polypseudorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes. Progress in synthetic polyrotaxane chemistry has resulted in the preparation of numerous functionalized polymers for various applications in areas such as molecular machines, stimuli responsive materials, supramolecular gels and molecular sensors. This new genre of supramolecular polymers is advancing rapidly with several groups developing novel materials with unique characteristics.     

Recent developments in packed columns

Highlights of a recently concluded four year experimental program on random packings are presented. They include (a) a revised definition of loading to achieve better reproducibility; (b) discussion of the erratic behavior near the “flood” point which helps explain the scatter in the published “flood” data; (c) new data showing that with proper distribution, efficiency is stable over a broad range; and (d) controlled maldistribution studies leading to guidelines for distributor design, fabrication and installation. The need to precisely define commonly used terms is emphasized.     

日本干燥技术的最新进展

20世纪后期。能源与环境问题已成人类关注的重要课题。干燥作为一种主要的耗能操作，也间接地影响地球环境。同时，干燥作为产品生产的最终环节，直接决定着产品的质量。特别是高性能材料的生产，对干燥操作有更高的要求。针对这些问题，近些年日本科学家和工程技术人员在干燥领域已经取得了许多创新成果，本文将着重介绍他们在综合多个单元操作和多种传热方式、9．3μm波长远红外线干燥、干燥过程中微粒子设计以及化学热泵干燥方面的一些成果。