间歇精馏过渡馏份的脉冲控制法

间歇精馏的过渡馏份导致设备的有效处理量减小和能耗加大，本文提出一种过渡馏份的新型操作方法：“全回流全馏出”循环重复的脉冲控制法，充分利用过程的动态特性以提高分离效率，实验验证表明，脉冲法可大大减少过渡馏份量和明显缩短馏出时间。     

分批精馏最小过渡馏份量的研究

提出了分批精馏的最小过渡馏份量概念,导出了最小过渡馏份量的计算方法,通过算例分析讨论了塔板数和塔内存液量对最小过渡馏份量的影响。     

带有过渡段循环的多元间歇精馏优化计算

采用最大馏出量、最小时间及最大负荷因子作为目标函数,以采出速率作为优化变量,间歇精馏过程采用分段恒回流比操作,利用改进的模拟退火算法进行了带有过渡段循环的三元体系间歇精馏过程的优化。分别获得了3种目标函数下的最优操作条件及最优值,并与文献结果进行了比较。采用改进的模拟退火算法得到的优化计算结果均优于文献值。不同的目标函数下得到的优化操作策略不同,且随着过渡段循环次数的增加精馏过程趋于稳定。     

分批精馏过渡段新型操作方式的研究

提出了一种新型过渡段操作方式———放塔身持液操作,分析了该操作中过渡段结束条件的确定方法,通过实验对过渡段的常规操作方式和放持液操作方式进行了比较,结果表明:后者能有效地克服分批精馏中持液的“飞轮效应”的影响,明显缩短操作时间,降低能耗。该方式操作简单,所需设备易于设计,便于在工业生产中实现,是对传统操作的有效改进。     

双回流动态累积间歇精馏全过程的研究

在动态累积间歇精馏塔中,采用双回流动态累积间歇精馏操作对正丙醇-异丙醇二元混合物系进行分离研究。主要考察了操作时间对塔顶整个过程产品浓度、温度变化的影响,并与塔顶回流动态累积间歇精馏操作的分离结果进行了比较,以及过渡馏分阶段操作时间对塔釜正丙醇浓度及温度变化的影响,同时,又对正丙醇的回收进行了研究。结果表明,在同样的产品采出要求条件下,双回流动态累积间歇精馏操作时,随原料中异丙醇含量的增加,所需的操作时间越长,产品的纯度越高,收率越高;操作时间节省166 min,原料中异丙醇质量分数为30%的条件下,所得回收正丙醇的纯度达到91.22%,正丙醇的回收率可达62.93%,原料中异丙醇质量分数别为30%、50%、70%时对应过渡馏分持续时间分别为40、47、58 min;原料中异丙醇质量分数越大,所得回收正丙醇产品的量越少,正丙醇的纯度越低,回收率越小。     

间歇精馏过渡馏分脉冲馏出规律研究

建立了二元理想物系考虑全塔持液量的间歇精馏微分形式的数学模型,采用四阶定步长龙格－库塔法对间歇精馏过渡馏分的常规操作和脉冲式操作过程进行模拟计算。实验证明,模拟计算结果与实际符合较好。提出的Ｃ因子概念可用于考察间歇精馏操作效率和经济效益,通过过程模拟,计算了间歇精馏不同操作模式下Ｃ因子的值,并由此分析了不同操作模式的动态规律。     

恒回流比间歇精馏的最小回流比计算及其能耗分析

完善了采用恒回流比操作方法,在理想操作条件下间歇精馏二元理想混合物时,最小回流比的计算方法.分析了采用恒回流比操作方法间歇精馏二元理想混合物,在馏出液中轻组分的收率和平均浓度要求均高时,相对于恒馏出液组成操作方法能耗较高的原因.     

动态累积分批精馏过程研究（I）─—操作方法及实验

提出了动态累积分批精馏过程，选用两种不同物系进行了动态累积操作实验。结果表明：与传统分批精馏方法相比，动态累积法既利用了全回流高效率浓缩，又消除了飞轮效应，所以分离效率明显提高，在实验中分别缩短操作时间２５％和４０％。     

基于Aspen Plus的氯乙烯精馏过程模拟及优化

采用Aspen Plus软件对氯乙烯精馏过程中的低、高沸塔进行了模拟,讨论了馏出比、进料板位置和回流比等参数对精馏过程的影响,得到了适宜的操作条件。     

动态累积分批精馏过程研究（I）：操作方法及实验

提出了动态累积分批精馏过程，选用两种不同物系进行了动态累积操作实验。结果表明：与传统分批精馏方法相比，动态累积法既利用了全回流高效率浓缩，又消除了飞轮效应，所以分离效率明显提高，在实验中分别缩短操作时间２５％和４０％。     

全回流-全馏出与变塔压联合的间歇精馏过程

A novel operation of batch distillation-combination of varying colum pressure and total reflux-total efflux is studied experimentally. In the operation, the product is accumulated at the top of the column under total reflux and then drained off completely, and the column pressure is varying in the whole process. This process has been industrialized successfully with large profits. The conventional mode of batch distillation is improved by this method effectively: the separation eficiency and the yield of product are increased greatly, the operation time is shortened and the production cost is cut down. Moreover, the amount of condensation water is decreased and the over-high reboiler temperature is lowered.     

间歇蒸馏的优化操作

本文研究了间歇蒸馏操作的最佳经济收益问题.在二元物系的系统模型中考虑了塔板的持液及冷凝器的持液,并考虑了塔板效率.用多项式拟合相平衡关系.选择回流比作为控制函数,应用最优控制理论导出计算步骤,用数值方法叠代出使经济收益函数最大的回流比函数.将解出的最优操作方案与两种传统的操作方案进行了比较.为检验最优操作方案的可实施性,在一筛板塔上进行了实验,证明优于传统操作.     

Operation and control of batch extractive distillation for the separation of mixtures with minimum-boiling azeotrope

Batch distillation is commonly used in the fine chemicals, specialty polymer, biochemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. For separating mixtures with minimum-boiling azeotrope, a heavy entrainer is frequently added to the top section of the batch column to aid in the separation. This process is called batch extractive distillation. Most of the papers in open literature have only studied the first operating step of the batch extractive distillation which is the recovery of the light component without mentioning the later steps for the recovery of the other component and entrainer. In this paper, two real chemical systems, one separating acetone and methanol using water as entrainer and the other separating isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and water using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as entrainer, are studied for the feasible operation of the complete batch distillation sequence. The operating variables, including the pre-load amount with the mixture, continuous feed rate of the entrainer, and reflux ratio at each operating step are determined in the operating sequence. The constant reflux ratio and constant entrainer feed rate operating policy and another policy to allow these two operating variables to be varied will be compared in order to further improve the batch operation. All dynamic simulations that are performed directly mimic industrial situations from an empty column using a rigorous dynamic simulator, Aspen Dynamics™.     

二元多段恒回流比常规间歇精馏的讨论

介绍在理想操作条件下,二元优化多段恒回流比常规间歇精馏的数值计算方法。通过实例计算,比较常规多段恒回流比与优化多段恒回流比常规间歇精馏能耗,得到等气化量多段的能耗接近于优化多段恒回比的结论。     

常规间歇萃取精馏分离苯-环己烷的研究

通过一个常规间歇萃取精馏实验装置,考察了不同萃取剂在不同回流比及萃取溶剂加入速率情况下对分离苯-环己烷共沸体系的影响。结果表明,二元混合溶剂能够解决单一溶剂的选择性与溶解性相矛盾的问题;且在同等条件下,综合性能优于单一溶剂;随着溶剂加入速率和操作回流比的增加,产品的产量逐渐提高,尤其重要的是混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术与简单溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术相比并不复杂。     

OPTIMAL OPERATION OF BATCH DISTILLATION

The maximum-profit problem in the operation of a batch distillation column separating a binary mixture is studied. From the objective function made in this paper, such problem can be transformed under special condition, into either maximum-distillate or minimum-time problem. Reflux ratio is chosen as control variable. Digital method is worked out by using optimal control theory to find the condition of optimal operation. In deriving present mathematic model, the liquid hold-up in plates and in condenser as well as the plate efficiency are taken into account. The proposed optimal operation is compared theoretically with the conventional constant reflux ratio and constant overhead composition policies and the results show that the proposed optimal operation can lead to/nuch higher profits. To demonstrate the practical usefulness of the proposed optimal policy, experimental work is carried out in a 4 sieve trays 0.17M diameter batch distillation column with ethanolwater system. Agreement is found between the experimental data and the computed results from present model.