凌枣多糖提取及自由基清除能力研究

对凌枣多糖制备工艺进行了优化,并分析了凌枣多糖提取液的自由基清除能力。结果表明,采用水提醇沉法制备凌枣多糖,最佳工艺参数为:水温85℃、提取时间3h、液固比20m L/g和p H为9,在此条件下,凌枣多糖得率为0.51%。采用酶解脱除蛋白质的方法对提取出的粗多糖进行了初步纯化,对纯化后凌枣多糖的3种体外抗氧化体系(羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力及抗脂质过氧化能力)分析的结果表明,凌枣多糖具有很强的羟自由基清除能力,较好的DPPH自由基清除能力和抗脂质过氧化能力,在多糖浓度分别超过1.6μg/m L、0.25mg/m L和0.20mg/m L后,凌枣多糖的3种自由基清除能力都分别高于同浓度的维生素C溶液或BHT溶液。     

冬枣黄酮抗氧化活性的研究

对冬枣不同部位黄酮的体外抗氧化能力进行了研究,对5种体外抗氧化体系(还原力、羟自由基清除力、超氧阴离子自由基清除力、DPPH自由基清除力和抗脂质过氧化能力)分别进行研究。结果表明,枣皮黄酮的抗脂质过氧化能力较高,枣核黄酮DPPH清除能力较高,而枣肉黄酮具有较好的羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力,去核的全枣黄酮抗氧化活性与枣肉黄酮的抗氧化活性规律是一致的,不同部位冬枣黄酮的抗氧化能力均低于同浓度的维生素C或2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)。     

枣叶黄酮微波-离子液体辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以枣叶为原料,枣叶黄酮提取率为指标,利用单因素分析结合正交试验的方法优化了枣叶黄酮的微波-离子液体辅助提取工艺条件,并研究了枣叶黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明:枣叶黄酮微波-离子液体辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为微波功率195 W、微波时间12 min,乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:25(g/mL)、离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的浓度为0.6 mol/L、提取次数2次。在该工艺条件下,黄酮提取率平均值为3.20%。抗氧化性研究显示,枣叶黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟自由基以及亚硝酸根离子均具有较强清除能力,IC_(50)分别为0.181 mg/mL、0.080 mg/mL和0.039 mg/mL,表明枣叶黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

低温对凌枣采后抗氧化成分含量及能力的影响

以室温贮藏凌枣(Zizyphus jujube Mill.cv.Lingzao)为对照,比较研究了0℃与4℃低温对于凌枣抗氧化能力及其抗氧化活性成分含量的影响,并对凌枣DPPH自由基清除能力和β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系抗氧化活性系数与其总酚含量、总黄酮含量、原花青素含量、抗坏血酸含量之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:0℃与4℃低温均有利于减缓凌枣贮藏期间各类抗氧化成分含量及DPPH自由基清除能力的下降,但0℃贮藏凌枣在β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系中的抗氧化活性较低。相关分析结果显示:在实验所测定的凌枣各抗氧化成分含量指标中,抗坏血酸含量与其DPPH自由基清除能力的相关性最强(R=0.761),说明抗坏血酸是凌枣DPPH自由基清除能力的主要功效成分之一;而凌枣在β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系中的抗氧化活性与上述抗氧化成分含量间均无显著相关性。     

三叶木通不同部位多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性比较

分别用超声波法和回流提取法对三叶木通不同部位进行提取,测定不同处理条件下不同部位的多酚和黄酮含量及抗氧化能力。结果表明,超声波提取法优于回流提取法,不同部位中以藤茎超声波提取物多酚、黄酮含量最高和抗氧化能力最强,其多酚含量(TPC)、黄酮含量(TFC)、DPPH自由基清除能力(DPPH)、ABTS自由基清除能力(ABTS)、铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)值分别为(63.033±0.482)mg/g,(26.395±0.731)mg/g,(380.860±5.462)μmol Trolox/g,(337.181±1.586)μmol Trolox/g,(387.406±1.773)μmol Trolox/g。两种方法测得的多酚和黄酮含量及抗氧化活性均呈现以下趋势:藤茎叶片果皮种子果肉。Spearman相关性研究表明,多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化活性呈强相关。研究结果为三叶木通的深加工利用提供了理论依据。     

响应面优化微波辅助提取黑莓果渣黄酮及其生物活性研究

目的 以黑莓果渣为原料,采用微波辅助提取黑莓果渣中黄酮并研究其生物学活性。方法 通过单因素试验考察微波时间、微波功率、液料比和乙醇浓度这四个因素对黑莓果渣黄酮提取工艺的影响,并通过响应面设计优化黄酮的最佳提取条件,确定黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。以清除铁还原力、2,2’-联氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(ABTS)能力和超氧阴离子(O_^2-.)来评价抗氧化能力和胰脂肪酶抑制率来评价其降血脂能力。结果 结果表明：黑莓果渣黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为微波功率300 W,微波时间8 min,微波温度55 ℃,乙醇浓度60 %,料液比1：20(g：mL),在此条件下黑莓果渣黄酮最高提取率为15.45 mg/g。黑莓果渣黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性和降血脂能力,铁还原力、清除ABTS自由基能力、清除O_^2-.能力及胰脂肪酶抑制率均表现出一定的质量浓度依赖性；黑莓果渣黄酮铁还原力、清除ABTS自由基能力、清除O2-.能力及胰脂肪酶抑制率的半数有效质量浓度(EC50)分别为0.472 g/L、0.620 g/L、0.545 g/L和10.674 g/L。S结论 黑莓果渣黄酮可以作为一种天然的食源性抗氧化和降血脂添加剂。     

佛手黄酮提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性

本研究通过乙醇回流法提取佛手黄酮,在单因素实验的基础上,以得率为指标,通过响应面优化分析,优化佛手总黄酮的提取工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明:佛手黄酮最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度73%,提取温度80℃,提取时间90 min,料液比1:31 g/mL。在此条件下黄酮得率为1.34%;佛手黄酮对DPPH和ABTS自由基均有一定的清除作用,且呈明显的剂量效应关系,其中DPPH自由基清除率的IC₅₀为0.8 mg/mL,ABTS自由基清除率的IC₅₀为0.07 mg/mL。ORAC(总抗氧化能力)为20.18 μmol TE/g。以上结果表明,佛手黄酮是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。     

山药皮中黄酮、多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为研究山药皮黄酮、多酚的高效提取工艺及其粗提物的抗氧化能力,以山药皮为原料,采用正交法优化超声辅助乙醇提取山药皮中的黄酮、多酚工艺,并对粗提物进行抗氧化活性测定。结果表明：山药皮中黄酮、多酚提取工艺的最佳提取条件为超声时间30 min、乙醇浓度60%、液固比60∶1（mL/g）,在此条件下,黄酮得率为0.929%,多酚得率为0.519%。在一定浓度范围内,粗提物的抗氧化能力随着质量浓度的增加而增强,粗提物具有良好的羟自由基清除作用（IC50 值为0.083 mg/mL）,具有一定的DPPH 自由基清除作用（IC50 值为0.158 mg/mL）,当粗提物质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL 时,其羟自由基清除率、DPPH 自由基清除率、还原力和抗氧化能力分别为81.84%、79.95%、0.70 和0.68。     

桂圆果核黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以桂圆果核为研究对象,采用超声提取桂圆果核黄酮,通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定最佳提取工艺条件,并研究其抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,桂圆果核黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件：乙醇浓度为70%、提取温度为40℃、料液比为1∶30g/mL、提取时间为60min,平均黄酮提取率为5.17%,该提取工艺简便高效,稳定可行。在一定浓度范围内,桂圆果核黄酮对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力以及还原力均随黄酮提取液质量浓度的升高而增强,表明桂圆果核黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。该结果为桂圆果核黄酮工业化提取奠定一定的理论基础。     

樱桃叶黄酮的微波提取及抗氧化性质的研究

考察了影响微波辅助提取樱桃叶黄酮的主要因素,测定了樱桃叶黄酮的总抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力、清除羟自由基(.OH)能力、清除DPPH自由基能力和对卵黄脂蛋白过氧化的抑制能力。通过与常见的抗氧化剂维生素C进行比较,对樱桃叶黄酮抗氧化和清除游离基活性进行了评价。结果表明,微波辅助提取樱桃叶总黄酮的最佳工艺为:微波时间5min、功率300W、75%乙醇、料液比1∶25(g/mL)和提取温度80℃。樱桃叶黄酮具有良好的抗氧化效果,在一定浓度范围内,樱桃叶黄酮在清除.OH和对卵黄脂蛋白脂质抗氧化的能力优于维生素C,但清除超氧阴离子自由基、清除DPPH自由基和总体抗氧化能力略逊于维生素C。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the