长期时效温度对一种单晶高温合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

在定向凝固炉中采用螺旋选晶法制备了一种单晶高温合金试棒,标准热处理后分别在980 ℃,1 070 ℃,1 100 ℃和1 140 ℃长期时效处理500 h,研究了不同温度长期时效后合金的显微组织和1 100 ℃的拉伸性能.结果表明合金在不同温度长期时效后,γ′相发生粗化或筏排化.随着时效温度增加,γ′相粗化或筏排化程度增加,γ′相体积分数减少,γ相基体通道变宽.在980 ℃长期时效500 h后,无TCP相析出;1 070 ℃,1 100 ℃,1 140 ℃长期时效500 h后,有针状TCP相析出.随着长期时效温度增加,TCP相含量增加.随着时效温度升高,合金拉伸强度降低,拉伸延伸率先增加后在1 140 ℃时效时又降低.长期时效后γ′相粗化或筏排化、γ′相含量减少和TCP相析出是合金拉伸强度降低的主要原因.      

时效热处理对镍基单晶高温合金组织的影响

 研究了经不同时效热处理后一种镍基单晶高温合金γ′相的形貌。结果表明：不同的时效热处理制度对所研究镍基单晶高温合金γ′相形貌影响显著。一次时效处理使固溶态γ′相平均尺寸增大;1 080 ℃×6 h一次时效+〖JP〗二次时效处理对γ′相平均尺寸的影响不明显,只加强了γ′相的规则度;1 050 ℃×16 h一次时效+二次时效处理时,γ′相尺寸増长显著。合金经850 ℃×24 h二次时效后,γ′/γ基体通道中均有更细小的二次或三次γ′相析出。     

长期时效对DD407单晶高温合金组织和中温性能的影响

研究了DD407单晶高温合金在900℃长期无应力时效过程中,组织的演变规律及其对中温性能的影响。研究结果表明：经长达3 000 h的时效后,合金的组织稳定,无有害相析出,7 6 0℃中温强度稳定,但伸长率显著提高。     

高温长期时效对钴基高温合金GH605组织与性能的影响

研究了长期时效处理对钴基高温合金ＧＨ６０５组织与性能的影响。结果表明,８１５℃长期时效过程中,随时效时间的延长,析出碳化物（主要是Ｍ６Ｃ）逐渐增多,而且时效５００ｈ后发现有少量针状或棒状Ｌａｖｅｓ相析出。高温塑性,尤其是室温塑性的下降与碳化物过分粗化以及脆性Ｌａｖｅｓ相的析出并增多有关,但这两个因素对于室温拉伸强度及高温持久寿命的影响较小。为了使合金塑性得到恢复,可以采用重新固溶处理的措施。     

高温长期时效对钴高温合金GH605组织与性能的影响

研究了长期时效处理对钴基高温合金ＧＨ６０５组织与性能的影响。结果表明,８１５℃长期时效过程中,随时效时间的延长,析出碳化物（主要是Ｍ６Ｃ）逐渐增多,而且时效５００ｈ后发现有少量针状或棒状Ｌａｖｅｓ相析出。高温塑性,尤其是室温塑性的下降与碳化物过分粗化以及脆性Ｌａｖｅｓ相的析出并增多有关,但这两个因素对于室温拉伸强度及高温持久寿命的影响较小。为了使合金塑性得到恢复,可以采用重新固溶处理的措施。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的显微偏析行为

研究了一种新型镍基单晶高温合金DD98铸态组织的显微偏析行为.实验结果表明,当合金以枝晶凝固时,组织中存在显微偏析.其中元素Mo、Cr、Ti、Ta、Al在枝晶间富集,Ti、Mo、Ta、Cr的偏析较为严重,Al的偏析程度相对小一些,Ni、Co、W为枝晶干偏析元素,其中W的偏析最为严重;共晶中富集Al、Ta、Ti、Ni,贫Co、W、Cr、Mo.凝固速率对枝晶偏析有显著的影响.随着抽拉速率的增加,元素Al、Mo、Co、Ti的偏析程度增加,而Ta的偏析程度降低,其它元素的偏析程度变化不大.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的瞬态液相连接

研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金的瞬态液相连接方法(TLP)及其对合金组织性能的影响.结果表明,不同温度下Ni-Cr-B熔体对基片均具有良好的润湿性,平衡接触角均小于20°.在等温凝固过程中,随保温时间的增加,固-液界面不断由两侧向中间推移,共晶区宽度不断减小,直至接头中无任何残余液相存在,等温凝固完全结束.共晶区上的硼化物分别为MB和M23B6.TLP连接后的1010℃×248MPa的持久性能达到母材的90%以上.     

镍基高温合金GH4133B长期时效后组织演化分析

采用SEM、EDS和Thermo-Calc热力学计算等方法,分析了镍基高温合金GH4133B在不同时效时间和时效温度下的组织演化规律。从而对改善合金的服役性能提供理论依据。试验结果表明:随着时效时间的延长和时效温度的升高,晶粒尺寸无变化,碳化物种类、分布和数量变化均不明显;长期时效后的γ′强化相的尺寸较时效前都有所增加,尤其800℃时长大最明显,形状也由球形颗粒变为方形颗粒并出现一定的取向性;800℃时效500 h以上或更长时间后,合金中开始出现少量针状的η相在晶界及一次碳化物附近析出。     

GH169高温合金长期时效的组织转变

对GH169合金长期时效的组织结构观察表明,合金在650℃以下时效甚至长达5×10⁴h,其组织变化并不明显,保持了良好的组织稳定性。然而超过650℃,合金的组织对温度极为敏感,发生了复杂的相转变。通过对运行2.8×10⁴h的涡轮盘榫齿的研究表明,应力加速诱发这种复杂的相变过程。     

Recrystallization of a Single Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy

 A series of experiments of investigating the recrystallization of single crystal DD3 superalloy were carried out. The threshold temperature for recrystallization and the effect of annealing temperature on recrystallization were studied. The results show that the threshold temperature for recrystallization of the shot peened DD3 samples is between 1 000 ℃ and 1 050 ℃ under the condition of annealing for 2 h, and the recrystallization depth increases with the rise of the annealing temperature. Below 1 150 ℃, the recrystallization depth increases slowly with the temperature climbing, while above 1 150 ℃, the recrystallization depth increases quickly with the rise of the temperature. The solution of the γ′ phase is a critical factor of the recrystallization behavior of DD3 superalloy. In addition, the kinetics and microstructural evolution of recrystallization at 1 200 ℃ were also studied. It is found that the recrystallization progresses rapidly at 1 200 ℃ through the growth of fully developed recrystallized grains, and the recrystallization process on the shot peened surface is similar to that of wrought materials, including nucleation of recrystallization, growth of new grains into the matrix, and growth of new grains by swallowing up each other.     

Microstructure Evolution during Supersolvus Heat Treatment of a Powder Metallurgy Nickel-Base Superalloy

Microstructure evolution during the supersolvus heat treatment of a powder-metallurgy, low-solvus, high-refractory (LSHR) superalloy was established. For this purpose, three lots of LSHR with varying initial carbon/boron composition and thermomechanical history were subjected to a series of short-time (induction) and long-time (furnace) heat treatments followed by scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction and quantitative metallography. The size of the (pinned) gamma grains exhibited a limited dependence on heating rate and soak time at peak temperature, and it was generally smaller than the predictions based on the classic Smith-Zener model. The differences were rationalized in terms of stereological and pinning-particle location effects. Observations of limited coarsening of the carbide/boride pinning particles were interpreted in the context of prior experimental observations and a modified Lifshitz-Slyosov-Wagner model applied previously for the coarsening of compound phases in steels.     

Plastic Flow and Microstructure Evolution during Thermomechanical Processing of a PM Nickel-Base Superalloy

Plastic flow and microstructure evolution during sub- and supersolvus forging and subsequent supersolvus heat treatment of the powder-metallurgy superalloy LSHR (low-solvus, high-refractory) were investigated to develop an understanding of methods that can be used to obtain a moderately coarse gamma grain size under well-controlled conditions. To this end, isothermal, hot compression tests were conducted over broad ranges of temperature [(1144 K to 1450 K) 871 °C to 1177 °C] and constant true strain rate (0.0005 to 10 s^?1). At low temperatures, deformation was generally characterized by flow softening and dynamic recrystallization that led to a decrease in grain size. At high subsolvus temperatures and low strain rates, steady-state flow or flow hardening was observed. These latter behaviors were ascribed to superplastic deformation and microstructure evolution characterized by a constant grain size or concomitant dynamic grain growth, respectively. During supersolvus heat treatment following subsolvus deformation, increases in grain size whose magnitude was a function of the prior deformation conditions were noted. A transition in flow behavior from superplastic to nonsuperplastic and the development during forging at a high subsolvus temperature of a wide (possibly bi- or multimodal) gamma-grain-size distribution having some large grains led to a substantially coarser grain size during supersolvus annealing in comparison to that produced under all other forging conditions.     

单晶镍基合金蠕变期间γ''''相筏形化的扩散规律

通过计算合金元素的扩散迁移率和EDAX分分析,研究了γ'相筏形化过程中元素的扩散规律.结果表明分配比值大的合金元素,扩散迁移率较大;分配比值小的合金元素,扩散迁移率较小.由于W元素具有较大的原子半径,较小的分配比值和扩散系数,因而相对稳定.所以W元素可阻碍其它元素的扩散速率,随其含量的增加,合金中γ'相筏形化时间延长.     

单晶镍基高温合金的高温蠕变及相关参数

通过测定一种单晶镍基高温合金的高温拉伸蠕变曲线和位错运动的内摩擦应力σ0,建立了综合蠕变方程,计算出不同蠕变阶段的激活能和相关参数.结果表明在蠕变期间,内摩擦应力σ0随外加应力σ的增加而略有提高,但随温度升高而明显下降.在实验温度和应力范围内,在不同蠕变阶段,具有不同的激活能Q,时间指数m和结构常数Bi.因此,合金在不同蠕变阶段具有不同的蠕变机制.蠕变初期,形变机制是位错在基体通道中运动;而大量位错切入筏状γ'相中是蠕变第3阶段的主要特征,在γ'/γ两相界面产生空洞及空洞的聚集和微裂纹扩展是蠕变断裂的直接原因.     

Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Hot-Pack Rolling of Nickel-Base Superalloys to Thin Sheet and Foil

Microstructure evolution during hot-pack rolling of nickel-base superalloys to ~1-mm-thick sheet and ~200-μm-thick foil was investigated with electron backscatter diffraction. The microstructure was observed at increasing levels of strain, which revealed the progressive formation of an unrecrystallized, banded microstructure at sheet gage. The bands contained large orientation gradients, sometimes spanning multiple texture components considered to be stable with respect to the imposed plane-strain compression. After reaching stable orientations, grain-scale shear bands were observed within individual unrecrystallized bands that resulted in local subgrain rotations that formed new bands of different orientation. This phenomenon, which is known as band splitting in the literature, was shown to be the result of continuous dynamic recrystallization as opposed to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization or classical static recrystallization. The unrecrystallized bands were eliminated by unidirectional rolling to foil but not by cross rolling.     

Evolution of Sand Microstructure during Shear

Quantitative measurements of the local void ratio distribution are used to demonstrate how the microstructure throughout dilatant triaxial specimens of uniform fine quartz sand evolves during drained axial compression loading. Shear-induced increases in the mean of the local void ratio distribution initiate at the center of the specimen and migrate toward the ends of the specimen as axial strain increases. At any given strain, the mean of the local void ratio distribution is largest near the center of the specimen, reflecting the influence of end platen and membrane restraining effects. The results provide direct quantitative microstructure-based evidence that global or macro response, as conventionally used in interpreting specimen behavior, can be misleading as to the true material response. Implications of the test results on practical issues such as the location of local strain measurement systems are noted.