PI表面改性对PANI/PI复合膜性能的影响

采用分散聚合体系,在聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜表面原位沉积聚苯胺(PANI)制得高导电性PANI/PI复合膜。用不同物理、化学方法对PI薄膜表面进行改性。结果表明,通过等离子体处理、超声波处理以及不同溶液浸泡处理的PI基体均改善了复合膜表面质量,提高复合膜电导率,其中过硫酸胺(APS)水溶液处理制得复合膜的电导率相对最高。紫外光谱和红外光谱分析证实基体表面为质子酸掺杂的PANI膜层,膜中不含有空间稳定剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。     

PVP对原位沉积PANI/PI结构和导电性的影响

采用分散聚合体系,在聚酰亚胺(PI)基体表面原位沉积聚苯胺(PANI)制备高导电的PANI/PI/PANI复合膜.结果表明,空间稳定剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对PANI粒子的稳定效应主要对大粒子起稳定作用;基体表面致密膜层主要由PANI小粒子堆砌形成.基体表面为质子酸(盐酸)掺杂的PANI膜层,膜中不含有PVP.采用高相对分子质量PVP作为稳定剂、增大PVP浓度可使复合膜表面结构致密.     

不同质子酸掺杂对聚苯胺合成与性能的影响

由化学氧化法制得的聚苯胺(PANI)被不同质子酸掺杂。研究盐酸(HCl)、硫酸(H2SO4)、樟脑磺酸(CSA)和十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂对PANI产率、溶解性以及电导率的影响。研究发现,HCl掺杂的PANI电导率为0.263 4 S/cm、产率可达到78.83%。还讨论不同HCl浓度和不同过硫酸铵/苯胺(APS/An)的物质的量比对HCl掺杂PANI产率和电导率的影响,当HCl的浓度达到1.2 mol/L、APS/An物质的量比为0.6时,PANI的电导率和产率均为最大值。     

玻璃基体表面原位生长PANI薄膜的微纳米结构与导电性能

采用分散聚合方法在玻璃基体表面制备得表面光滑聚苯胺(PANI)导电膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究氧化剂过硫酸铵(APS)加入方式、质子酸环境对制得膜形貌的影响.通过紫外光谱和红外光谱分析玻璃基体表面导电PANI膜的结构.结果发现:采用滴加APS方式可制得致密PANI膜;本身黏度较大的无机舍氧酸(高氯酸、磷酸)与PVP稳定剂并用时会使体系黏度增大,无法制得导电薄膜(高氯酸、PVP体系)或只能得到有缺限的膜(磷酸、PVP体系).紫外分析证实玻璃基体表面是掺杂态PANI膜,红外分析表明PANI膜结构中不合有稳定剂PVP.膜的电导率数量级在10-3S/cm,电导率高低与形貌好坏存在一致性.     

聚吡咯/聚苯胺复合膜的制备及耐腐蚀性能

采用循环伏安法在304不锈钢表面电沉积聚苯胺(PANI)、聚吡咯(PPY)及其复合膜(PANI/PPY)。用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)观察膜的表面形貌和组成,通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了空白钢片、纯PAN膜、纯PPY膜以及苯胺(AN)与吡咯(PY)不同用量所得复合膜在0.30mol/LH2SO_4+3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并利用三氯化铁点腐蚀试验印证了最优条件下所制复合膜对不锈钢的保护作用。结果表明:苯胺与吡咯的浓度比、扫描速率和循环次数对PANI/PPY复合膜的耐蚀性影响显著。当苯胺与吡咯的浓度比为7:3,扫描速率为50mV/s,循环次数为30圈时,可制得致密度高、表面均匀和结合力良好的PANI/PPY复合膜,该复合膜在0.30 mol/L H2SO_4+3.5%NaCl溶液中具有良好的耐蚀性,可以明显改善不锈钢在氯离子环境中的耐孔蚀能力。     

原位化学氧化聚合制备PANI/PMMA导电复合膜

采用原位化学氧化聚合的方法制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合膜,电导率达到1.2×10-2S/cm.考察了苯胺单体含量、聚合温度以及聚合时间对复合膜电导率的影响;通过红外光谱分析了PANI/PMMA导电复合膜的分子结构;应用热重分析仪测试了复合膜的热性能.结果表明,原位化学氧化聚合制备PANI/PMMA复合膜的工艺是可行的,苯胺的最佳用量为35%,聚合反应时间6 h左右,聚合反应温度不宜高于40℃;复合膜的热稳定性较盐酸掺杂聚苯胺有所提高.     

聚苯胺/氮化铬纳米复合材料的制备及表征

以纳米氧化铬(Cr2O3)为原料,采用氨气氮化法制备了纳米氮化铬(CrN)粉体.通过原位聚合的方法,在冰水浴中制得CrN/聚苯胺(PAM)纳米复合材料.纳米CaN掺杂的聚苯胺电导率较聚苯胺提高了一个数量级,较文献报道TiN/PANI高一个数量级.     

不同酸掺杂聚苯胺的性能研究

合成了盐酸(HC1)、氨基磺酸(NH2SO3H)、十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI),探讨了酸用量、氧化剂用量、反应时间以及反应温度等因素对产物电导率的影响,并对这3种酸掺杂的聚苯胺的压片电阻和热稳定性进行了比较.结果表明:当c(HCl)=0.5 mol·L-1,反应时间为6 h,n(APS)∶n(An)为1.0,在1 ℃左右下所得HCl掺杂的PANI的电导率为1.98 S·cm-1;当c(NH2SO3H)=1.0 mol·L-1,反应时间为6 h,n(APS)∶n(An)为2.0,在2 ℃左右下所得NH2SO3H掺杂的PANI的电导率为0.26 S·cm-1;当c(DBSA)=1.0 mol·L-1,反应时间为8 h,n(APS)∶n(An)为2.0,在2 ℃左右下所得DBSA掺杂的PANI的电导率为0.98 S·cm-1.对于产物的固体压片电阻,HC1掺杂PANI最小为10 Ω,NH2SO3H掺杂PANI最大为120 Ω.而对于产物的热稳定性,NH2SO3H和DBSA掺杂的PANI具有较好的环境稳定性,要好于HC1掺杂的PANI.     

对甲苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺材料的导电性能及其机理研究

通过再掺杂法制备了对甲苯磺酸（TSA）掺杂的导电聚苯胺（PANI）,探究掺杂时间及对甲苯磺酸水溶液的浓度对PANI的电导率和结构的影响,通过四探针法和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析表征了掺杂态PANI的电导率和结构,并探究掺杂时间对掺杂态PANI导电性能影响的机理,还利用热重分析仪(TG)探究TSA对PANI热稳定性的影响。结果表明,掺杂时间为12 h、TSA水溶液浓度为05 mol/L所制得的掺杂态PANI具有最好的电导率。     

镍离子对聚苯胺性能的影响

使用过硫酸铵为氧化剂,在含有适量六水合氯化镍的苯胺与盐酸混合液中合成导电聚苯胺(PANI).研究了镍离子(Ni2+)浓度对PANI电导率和结构的影响.结果表明,当Ni2+浓度为0.3 mol/dm3时,PANI的电导率达到最大值,为5.32 S/cm.傅立叶变换红外光谱表明Ni2+与PANI链之间存在相互作用.透射电子显微镜显示随着Ni2+浓度的提高,PANI粒子逐渐由棒状结构向球形结构转变.     

Ultraviolet Irradiation Effect on Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Polyaniline Films with Additives

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyaniline (PVP/PANI) with additives (TiO₂, ZnO, NaCl and Na₂SO₄) was synthesized. To spread the electric and photoelectric applications of PVP/PANI, its photodegradation under UV irradiation was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, water uptake and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that ZnO, TiO₂ and NaCl accelerate the photodegradation, respectively, but Na₂SO₄ stabilized PVP/PANI. The degradation rate of PVP/PANI/tert-butyl alcohol and PVP/PANI/ascorbic acid proved the radical role. Water uptake results show that the power of interactions is in this order: PVP/PANI/Na₂SO₄?>?PVP/PANI/TiO₂?>?PVP/PANI/ZnO?>?PVP/PANI?>?PVP/PANI/NaCl?>?PVP/PANI/tert-butyl alcohol>PVP/PANI/ascorbic acid.     

PVP与PVA对原位聚合导电聚苯胺薄膜的影响

分别以水溶性高分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为稳定剂,采用苯胺的分散聚合体系,在玻璃基片上原位沉积了表面光滑均匀、亚微米厚度的导电聚苯胺薄膜,改善了导电聚苯胺的加工性能。研究了薄膜的形貌、厚度及电导率。结果表明:聚苯胺薄膜表面光滑,黏附一些胶体粒子,以PVP为稳定剂制备的聚苯胺薄膜表观质量好于以PVA为稳定剂得到的聚苯胺薄膜,表面更加光洁致密;不同稳定剂影响聚苯胺薄膜厚度及性能,在其他实验条件相同的情况下,以PVA为稳定剂制备的聚苯胺薄膜厚度及电导率均高于以PVP为稳定剂制备的聚苯胺薄膜厚度和电导率。     

Polyaniline prepared in solutions of phosphoric acid: Powders, thin films, and colloidal dispersions

Polyaniline (PANI) has been prepared by the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the 0-4 M phosphoric acid. The maximum conductivity of PANI, 15.5 S cm⁻¹, was found with PANI prepared in the presence of 1 M phosphoric acid. The mass loss after deprotonation with ammonium hydroxide revealed that relatively large amounts of phosphoric acid were associated with PANI if the polymerization had been carried out at higher acid concentration. This suggests the protonation of both the imine and amine nitrogens in PANI, the increased adsorption of phosphoric acid by PANI, or the presence of polyphosphate counter-ions. The increasing content of phosphoric acid is also reflected in the increase of sample density. FTIR spectra of ammonium salts collected after deprotonation proved that the counter-ions of the sulfate type, resulting from the decomposition of peroxydisulfate, always participated in the protonation of PANI. The proportion of sulfate to phosphate counter-ions was reduced as the concentration of phosphoric acid in the medium increased.Thin PANI films were produced in situ on glass surfaces immersed in the reaction mixture during the polymerization of aniline. Optical absorption has been used to assess their thickness, 70-140 nm, which was found to be virtually independent of the acid concentration. The film conductivity was comparable with the conductivity of the PANI powders produced at the same time. Colloidal dispersions were obtained when the reaction mixture contained poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). The particle size, 200-260 nm, and polydispersity, determined by dynamic light scattering, were virtually independent of the concentration of phosphoric acid. The films produced on glass during the dispersion polymerization of aniline were thinner, 20-90 nm, compared with those grown in the precipitation polymerization.     

Synthesis of high conductivity Polyaniline/Ag/graphite nanosheet composites via ultrasonic technique

A new process for the synthesis of high conductivity polyaniline/Ag/graphite nanosheet (PANI/Ag/NanoG) composites was developed. Graphite nanosheet was prepared by treating the expanded graphite in aqueous alcohol solution using sonication, and a uniform silver film about 470 nm thick was obtained on graphite nanosheet surface via an improved electroless plating method. Then PANI/Ag/NanoG composites were fabricated via in situ polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of silver coated graphite nanosheet through using ultrasonic technique. The sliver particles and composites were evidenced by scanning and transmission electron microscopy examinations, the results showed that the silver coated graphite nanosheet particles played an important role in forming conducting bridge in polyaniline matrix. According to the electrically test, the conductivity of the PANI/Ag/NanoG composites was dramatically increased compared with pure PANI. From the thermogravimetric analysis, the PANI/Ag/NanoG composites exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of pure PANI.     

Compatibilization of Conductive Polyethylene/Polyaniline Blends

Summary: The compatibilization of polyethylene/polyaniline (PE/PANI) blends and the preparation of plasticized PANI/camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) complexes suitable for melt blending were studied. Rheological properties of the components essentially affected the morphology of the blend and thereby the electrical conductivity. The hydrogen bonds between the PANI complex and the functionalized metallocene PE used as compatibilizer compensated the unfavorable viscosities of the components. Mechanical properties of PE/PANI blends were improved, and electrical conductivity of the blends remained the same or increased through addition of functionalized metallocene polyethylene. Plasticized PANI/CSA complex with good electrical conductivity was successfully prepared.

Compatibilization of PANI/CSA complex and OH‐functionalized polyethylene.     

The influence of PVP on the synthesis and electromagnetic properties of PANI/PVP/CIP composites

Polyaniline/carbonyl iron powder (PANI/CIP) composites with core‐shell structure were synthesized via in situ polymerization in aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP). The micromorphology, structure, and microwave absorbing property of the PANI/PVP/CIP composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and vector network analysis. And, the modified mechanism of PVP on polymerization was discussed. The research showed that the presence of PVP was conducive to not only dispersion of CIP but also the formation coated well with PANI. PANI/CIP composites that were decorated by PVP have obviously improved on wave absorbing property compared with the composites which were synthesized without PVP. With the concentrations of 10 wt% PVP, the PANI/PVP/CIP composites show best microwave absorption, which the minimum reflection loss (RL) was −26.4 dB at 38.1 GHz and the corresponding thickness was 0.9 mm; for a thickness of 1.1 mm, an RL exceeding −10 dB was obtained in the frequency range of 27.6–39.0 GHz. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1799–1806, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚苯胺/凹凸棒土环氧复合防腐涂料的制备及性能研究

以聚苯胺/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料(PANI/ATP)作为填料,以环氧树脂为成膜物质,制备了PANI/ATP环氧复合防腐涂料.研究了PANI/ATP的状态、PANI/ATP的添加量、固化比等对涂层的防腐性能的影响.采用傅里叶红外光谱(Fr-IR)、开路电位(OCP)及极化曲线(Tafel)等测试手段对复合涂层进行了结构表征和防腐性能研究.Tafel极化曲线和开路电位显示,在填料量为5%的情况下,复合涂层的防腐性能较佳,腐蚀电位为-1.098 V,较纯环氧涂层高327 mY;添加了PANI/ATP的涂层较纯环氧涂层的力学性能有很大的提高.     

镍基涂膜电化学法制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇复合膜

报道了-种在镍基板上涂覆聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜,通过电化学法制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇(PANI/PVA)复合膜的方法,再将该复合膜剥离后覆于IT0导电塑料上,考察了其电致变色性.通过循环伏安和交流阻抗测试,确定了电化学法制备PANI/PVA复合膜的工艺条件.实验结果表明:当nssA/nH2so4=1∶1,激发电压为1.10～...     

Polyaniline/single-wall carbon nanotube (PANI/SWCNT) composites for high performance supercapacitors

PANI/SWCNT composites were prepared by electrochemical polymerisation of polyaniline onto SWCNTs and their capacitive performance was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycling in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. The PANI/SWCNT composites single electrode showed much higher specific capacitance, specific energy and specific power than pure PANI and SWCNTs. The highest specific capacitance, specific power and specific energy values of 485 F/g, 228 W h/kg and 2250 W/kg were observed for 73 wt.% PANI deposited onto SWCNTs. PANI/SWCNT composites also showed long cyclic stability. Based upon the variations in the surface morphologies and specific capacitance of the composite, a mechanism is proposed to explain enhancement in the capacitive characteristics. The PANI/SWCNT composites have demonstrated the potential as excellent electrode materials for application in high performance supercapacitors.