离心风机整机三维数值仿真方法及分析

离心风机的性能特征与其内部流场结构是密切关联的,某些简化模型下对风机内某个部件或某个流道做的数值仿真并不能准确反映蜗壳与叶轮之间的相互作用.为了解其性能变化的根本原因,达到优化风机性能改善系统特性,需要对整机进行详细的流场结构分析.在软件Numeca的Fine/ Turbo模块上,采用壁面函数法,对某离心风机在设计转速下不同工况点进行了数值仿真,与已有的试验数据对比,吻合较好,并准确反映了蜗壳与叶轮之间的相互作用,为风机的设计和性能优化提供了可信的理论依据.     

用多重网格法数值预测高速离心叶轮三维流场

研究离心叶轮压气机性能优化问题,针对发展迅速、准确预测复杂流动离心压气机的性能设计是非常必要的.传统方法用显式时间推进法效率低、收敛速度慢等缺点,采用隐式残差光顺以及基于变分原理的多重网格方法,具有计算效率高、收敛速度快等特点的数值仿真,采用改进的数值算法对内部三维粘性流场进行了数值仿真,给出了多重网格重数对收敛速度的影响,数值预测了不同流量下的流场流动情况,并与实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,多重网格可以有效地加速收敛,数值结果与试验结果吻合较好,改进的数值方法可以较好的预测离心叶轮的性能.     

叶顶间隙对离心泵性能影响的数值模拟研究

离心泵的几何结构复杂,所以其内部流场也极其复杂并呈强烈的三维紊流特性,由于目前的理论水甲和实验手段的限制,只能依靠精确的计算机仿真,才能获得其内部流场的详细情况,以便进行设计和优化.为了研究叶顶间隙对叶轮内部流场及性能的影响,对闭式离心泵叶轮和有间隙的半开式离心泵叶轮共同进行了计算机仿真.在所得计算结果基础上详细对比分析了离心泵内部流场的特性,捕捉到了叶轮通道内部的二次流现象.结果表明:随着叶顶间隙增大,叶顶问隙泄漏流动会使叶轮性能下降,二次流强度增加.从而说明计算机数值模拟方法,可以弥补实验方法的不足,用来研究叶顶间隙流动的影响,为离心泵的水力设计和优化提供依据.     

基于特性方程的离心压气机的性能仿真

详细分析了空气在离心压气机中的流动机理,基于特性方程建立了一种能够达到设计精度要求的快速简单的离心压气机数学模型,模型中计及离心压气机内出现的各种损失。性能仿真模型具有速度快,适用于大量计算等优点。用Modelica语言和Dymola编译器实现了离心压气机的性能仿真。采用建立的数学模型对Chevis离心压气机的性能进行了模拟,并把仿真结果同实际性能曲线进行了比较。结果表明,采用建立的性能仿真数学模型能够模拟离心压气机性能,并能够实现非设计转速小流量工况下的性能仿真,为设计离心压气机提供了一个有力的工具,具有重要的参考价值。     

电潜离心泵内流场及外特性的数值模拟分析

针对目前油田使用的两种不同叶导轮结构的电潜离心泵,包括传统径向流泵和聚驱用混向流泵,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)研究方法,建立电泵内流场的数值仿真,在流量80～200m³/d范围内,研究泵输送不同运动黏度为1～40mm²/s介质时特性差异。在介质黏度为1和40mm²/s,流量为80～180m³/d工况下,使用FLUENT软件选用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法进行求解,分析两种泵在不同工况下的内部流场变化规律,通过流场分析探究叶轮结构对泵外特性的影响机制。仿真得到泵的扬程、效率曲线,发现泵性能出现变化的工况点与叶轮内流场分析结果相对应,并根据泵叶轮的内流场分布和泵的性能曲线分析两种泵所适用的工况。结果表明,径向流泵适用于大流量和高黏度工况,混向流泵适用于较低流量和中低黏度工况,为不同工况下泵的选择及泵的优化提供理论依据。     

S弯进气道内流分离数值仿真

在现代战斗机的发动机问题的研究中,S进气道是现代航空战斗机推进系统的一个重要组成部分,进气道内的流场品质会显著影响发动机性能.由于进气道内部流动的复杂性,为进气道内的流动特性优化和改善畸变问题,采用计算流体力学方法,空间离散格式采用二阶精度的高精度数值格式,应用基于Rhie和Chow法则的压力-速度耦合算法来求解雷诺平均的N-S方程,对S进气道内部流场进行了数值仿真,主要对S进气道内部流场总性能和流场发展细节进行了研究.数值计算结果反映出了流场的基本物理现象:出口气体畸变和气流分离的发展.同时也说明了所采用的研究方法是可行的,并为S进气道内部气流分离控制奠定了理论基础.     

带放气型周向槽的离心压气机失速控制研究

机匣处理技术足工业上压气机解决气动失稳问题最常用的手段.然而离心压气机内部流场极其复杂,呈强烈三维紊流特性,由于目前实验条件的限制,只有依靠精确的计算机仿真模拟,才能获得其内部流场的详细情况.现提出一种在周向槽机匣处理的基础上增加放气的机匣处理方案,并就方案在离心压气机上进行了精确的计算机仿真,将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,并详细对比分析了带实壁机匣和放气型周向槽处理机匣的雎气机转子顶部区域流场结构,及叶片通道内二次流动情况,结果表明:放气型周向槽机匣处理结构使得离心压气机在扩大稳定裕度的同时压气机效率有所改善,并分析得到放气型周向槽机匣处理的扩稳机理.     

定子无铁心轴向磁场永磁电机温度场分析

为分析定子无铁心轴向磁场永磁电机工作温度过高引起的电机运行性能降低的问题,对电机的温度分布进行了研究.利用多物理场有限元软件建立了电机电磁场和温度场3D有限元模型,求解了电机不同工况下和同种工况不同控制方式时的温度场分布.仿真结果分析了电机内部的温度分布规律及不同控制方式对电机温升的影响,并对定子无铁心轴向磁场永磁电机样机进行实验,实验结果验证了仿真的正确性,对指导电机高效运行及电机的优化设计具有意义重大.     

基于Fluent的油水分离器数值模拟分析

根据油水处理量的要求对重力式油水分离器进行简单的结构设计,运用刚盖假定方法,建立带有自由表面的重力式油水分离器内部流场的计算模型。然后运用Gambit对模型进行网格划分,采用两相流的混合湍流模型,利用Fluent软件对重力式油水分离器内部流场进行数值模拟。并详细地分析比较了三种常见的入口构件对重力式分离器内部流场流动特性的影响,从而对入口构件做出优选。     

雷诺应力模型对旋流器内流场的数值模拟

深入研究了液-液水力旋流器的流动机理和分散油相的流动特点及处理方法，用计算流体动力学（CFD）的数值方法，采用雷诺应力（RSM）模型对油水分离旋流器的内部流场进行了数值模拟。分析了旋流器内部的体积浓度分布，压力分布，以及切向、轴向和径向速度分布的规律，揭示了油水两相流的分离特性。并且在不同流量下，计算出了旋流器的流量一效率曲线，计算结果与实验数据吻合较好，从而说明该湍流模型和数值算法的可靠性，同时也为进一步研究水力旋流器的分离机理、流场特性以及结构优化设计提供了一条有效的途径。     

On the theoretical link between design parameters and performance in cross-flow fans: a numerical and experimental study

Cross-flow fan performance strictly depends on the complex configuration of the non-axisymmetrical flow field within the machine. The flow field, in turn, is deeply influenced by the design parameters of both casing and impeller geometry. In this paper, the relationship between the design parameters of the geometrical configuration and fan performance is discussed in a theoretical perspective, analyzing the features of the corresponding flow fields. These are reconstructed by a numerical study on cross-flow fan operation carried out for a representative set of configurations at different throttling conditions. Time-accurate solutions for a two-dimensional viscous and incompressible model of the fan using a sliding mesh technique are calculated with a commercial CFD code. The numerical results are validated with experimental data obtained from tests on performance and from local measurements of the flow field.     

Sound field analysis and simulation for fluid machines

Fluid machines, such as pumps, fans, and internal combustion engines, are widely used in duct systems for air-conditioning, cooling, ventilating, heat releasing, and dust collecting. Vibration and noise will be created when the fluid machine works with fans at various rotating speeds. Noise problems associated with fan installation are a concern in fluid machines. Methods to analyze the sound field and simulation of fan installation are, therefore, important for the design to reduce the noise output from fluid machines. The sound field is simulated by using the boundary element method (BEM), which is a numerical technique to reduce the boundary integral equations using the fundamental solution and Green’s transfer functions, for sound field analysis in this paper. For the sound field analysis, the geometry of the fluid machines (the axial fan and centrifugal fan) and the acoustic properties are modeled in Beasy software based on the boundary element method technology. The 1/1 octave frequency band from 63 Hz to 8 kHz ranges are selected on sound field analysis. The sound pressure of the fan and the motor in each octave band are calculated by the parameters of rotating speed, flow volume, horse power and number of blades used. The results show that there is a high level sound pressure inside the housing of the axial fan due to the sound source located there. The higher sound pressure level is observed on both the inlet and outlet. The results for the centrifugal fan are the higher the frequency, the heavier energy that is found to radiate around the sound source.     

Investigation of an efficient shape optimization procedure for centrifugal pump impeller using eagle strategy algorithm and ANN (case study: slurry flow)

Investigation an efficient shape optimization method for centrifugal pump and other turbo-machine is significant to reduce time consumption of process and increase accuracy and modification. For analysis an efficient shape optimization procedure, slurry flow in centrifugal pump is investigated. Since a centrifugal water pump has been not designed to carry out slurry flows, its performance decreases and energy consumption of this kind of pump increases. Therefore, improvement of performance and reduction of energy consumed for these pumps are the major issues. Since the performance of a centrifugal pump strictly depends on its impeller shape, in this study, the shape of impeller was optimized in order to achieve a higher efficiency for slurry flow. To optimize the impeller geometry and to improve the performance of Berkeh 32–160 pump as for the case study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Eagle Strategy (ES) algorithms have been coupled with a validated 3D Navier–Stokes equations for two phase flow based on Eulerian-Eulerian model. In the next step, the pump experimentally tested in an established slurry flow test rig in laboratory. Measured data were used to verify the numerical results of initial pump with slurry flow. Finally, the complete numerical characteristic curves of the pump with the optimized impeller were compared to the validated numerical characteristic curves of that with the initial impeller to verify optimization. An efficiency improvement of 3.33% at only 9.9% increasing of head has been obtained for optimized geometry. The results indicated a reasonable improvement in the optimal design of pump impeller and a higher performance using the ES algorithm. Furthermore the ES and PSO algorithm was compared and results shows that ES is efficient than PSO algorithm in this application and this methodology is more efficient than other surrogate methods.     

Numerical flow-field analysis and design optimization of a high-energy first-stage centrifugal pump impeller

Described is the numerical flow-field analysis and design optimization of the first-stage impellers of a so-called high-energy centrifugal pump having two single-suction first-stage impellers and one double-suction second stage impeller. This study has been carried out with the aid of three-dimensional computational-fluid-dynamics calculations, employing the potential-flow approximation of the governing equations. The study was conducted because the first-stage impellers of the pump considered appeared to suffer from severe premature wear due to cavitation attack on the vane leading edges, which situation had to be improved. The analysis carried out for the existing design produced suggestions for improvement, and based on these suggestions a new first-stage impeller design was developed. Subsequently, this new design was numerically analyzed to substantiate its potentially better (cavitation) performance. It appeared that the blade inlet angle of the original impeller design was too excessive at mid span, causing best cavitation performance to occur at 160 percent of the rated flow. The new design has its best cavitation point at the rated flow, and will not suffer from premature wear due to cavitation attack like the existing design. Received: 1 March 1999 / Accepted: 21 September 1999     

一种新型离心风机的气动噪声数值仿真

以一种新型离心风机为例,运用Lighthill声比拟理论和计算流体动力学技术对离心风机的非定常流场和气动噪声进行数值模拟。首先以风机内部静压脉动随时间的波动判断离心风机的主要噪声源的位置,然后,以噪声频谱图和1／3倍频程图分析离心风机的噪声组成,判断离心风机噪声的产生机理。并以实验结果作为根据,验证仿真结果的正确性。结果表明：在非定常流场中,离心风机的噪声源主要分布在叶片与蜗壳之间的狭窄区域,在气动噪声成分中涡流噪声所占的比例最大,其产生的主要原因是由于叶片尾缘漩涡脱落造成的压力脉动形成的。     

基于Patran和MSC Nastran的某空压机第1级叶轮强度分析及结构优化

基于Patran和MSC Nastran,采用三维有限元法分析某型空压机第1级叶轮在工作转速下的强度,并优化叶轮结构.研究结果表明：原叶轮在叶片进气边分别与轴盘和盖盘的焊接处出现高离心应力区域;原叶轮设计模型的最大应力为970 MPa,与材料抗拉强度试验平均值1 066 MPa相差9%,安全裕量不足.优化设计后的叶轮模型的最大应力为864 MPa,与材料抗拉强度试验平均值1 066 MPa相差19%,安全裕量提高1倍.     

基于ANSYS的离心泵叶轮结构有限元分析

叶轮是泵的核心部分,泵的性能参数：流量、扬程、效率和特性曲线的形状等均与叶轮的设计有重要关系。本文对叶轮结构进行了有限元分析,准确且直观的得到了叶轮在载荷作用下的应力和应变,为叶轮的强度计算提供了可靠依据,验证了有限元建模方法和计算方法的正确性。     

Thermo-flow characteristics and air flow field leading of the air-cooled condenser cell in a power plant

Special A-frame geometry of the air-cooled condenser cell and the complicated flow field at the exit of the axial flow fan bring on the air mal-distribution on the surface of the finned tube bundles and the deteriorated thermo-flow performances of a condenser cell.It is of benefit to the design and operation optimization of the direct dry cooling system in a power plant to investigate the thermo-flow characteristics of the condenser cell and propose the flow leading measures of cooling air.On the basis of t...     

A comparative study of kriging variants for the optimization of a turbomachinery system

Kriging is a well-established approximation technique for deterministic computer experiments. There are several Kriging variants and a comparative study is warranted to evaluate the different performance characteristics of the Kriging models in the computational fluid dynamics area, specifically in turbomachinery design where the most complex flow situations can be observed. Sufficiently accurate flow simulations can take a long time to converge. Hence, this type of simulation can benefit hugely from the computational cheap Kriging models to reduce the computational burden. The Kriging variants such as ordinary Kriging, universal Kriging and blind Kriging along with the commonly used response surface approximation (RSA) model were used to optimize the performance of a centrifugal impeller using CFD analysis. A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation solver was utilized to compute the objective function responses. The responses along with the design variables were used to construct the Kriging variants and RSA functions. A hybrid genetic algorithm was used to find the optimal point in the design space. It was found that the best optimal design was produced by blind Kriging, while the RSA identified the worst optimal design. By changing the shape of the impeller, a reduction in inlet recirculation was observed, which resulted into an increase in efficiency.     

离心泵叶轮爆裂转速数值仿真和试验

基于SimXpert对某液体火箭发动机离心泵叶轮进行弹塑性有限元分析,计算离心泵叶轮在离心载荷作用下的爆裂转速,并与在超速试验台上得到的爆裂试验结果进行对比.结果表明,考虑材料非线性的弹塑性有限元计算结果与试验结果误差为0.59%,可应用于离心泵叶轮的强度校核和结构优化. 该离心泵叶轮的爆裂转速为2.716倍的工作转速,对其进行结构轻量化或优化十分必要.