溶胶－凝胶法合成有机聚合物·硅系杂化材料

溶胶－凝胶法合成有机聚合物·硅系杂化材料关于用溶胶。凝胶法使有机物与无机物进行分子复合化而制取有机·无机杂化材料的研究相当活跃。大多数杂化物的有机物组分为聚合物，无机物组分为硅。有一部分杂化材料已用作涂料，目前正开发其他可能的应用。作为有机·无机复合...     

骨架修饰有机-无机杂化二氧化硅膜的研究进展

综述了骨架修饰的有机-无机杂化二氧化硅膜的制备及其在气体分离和渗透汽化方面的应用。在-Si-O-Si-骨架结构中引入有机基团形成有机-无机杂化的二氧化硅膜,提高了膜材料的孔径可调控性和水热稳定性。分析了采用不同有机基团修饰对膜材料性能的影响,综述了近年来这类膜材料在气体分离和渗透汽化方面的应用。     

新型PMMA/SiO_2/DR1非线性光学杂化材料的制备及表征

通过溶胶-凝胶法将硅烷染料DR1ASD、含硅氧烷PMMA和TEOS在酸催化条件下共水解-缩合制备了新型非线性光学杂化材料PMMA/SiO2/DR1,并运用FT-IR、SEM、UV-vis、DSC/TG和UV-vis等测试方法对其结构和性能进行表征.测试结果表明:杂化材料中有机相和无机相之间通过共价键结合,无相分离出现;杂化材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度(Td)分别达到165℃和405℃;电晕极化后杂化材料具有较高的生色团取向有序度(Φ=0.238),并表现出良好的取向稳定性,80℃条件下3h后依然有初始值的79%.     

氟化改性ZIF-8-90杂化膜的制备及其渗透汽化脱醇研究

有机-无机杂化膜是目前膜分离研究的热点,但是有机基体-无机粒子之间的界面缺陷是目前面临的重要问题.使用五氟丙胺改性ZIF-8-90粒子(F-ZIF-8-90),为了改善有机基体-ZIF-8-90之间的界面缺陷和提高ZIF-8-90的疏水性,红外谱图证实了五氟丙胺的成功接枝.以F-ZIF-8-90为填充料,制备了一系列Pebax 2533/F-ZIF-8-90杂化膜,考察了杂化膜的形貌结构、疏水性能和渗透汽化性能.研究结果表明,F-ZIF-8-90填充质量分数为5%时,70℃测试条件下杂化膜对质量分数5%乙醇水溶液的渗透通量最高可达201.5 g/(m~2·h),对应的分离因子为5.4.相比较纯Pebax 2355膜,渗透通量和分离因子分别提高了24.1%和151.9%,打破了渗透通量和分离因子相互制约的效应.     

二氧化硅基有机-无机防腐蚀杂化膜的制备及性能

传统的钢铁表面覆膜技术如磷化、铬酸盐钝化等污染严重,硅烷化和有机-无机杂化涂层用于金属预处理则具有耐温、耐腐蚀等优点,又利于环保.以正硅酸乙酯、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,采用溶胶.凝胶法制备了SiO2基有机-无机杂化材料.通过红外光谱对不同温度处理的杂化材料进行了分析,以差示扫描量热法研究了杂化材料在不同温度下的吸放热反应,结合对杂化溶胶涂覆于钢铁基体表面形成涂层的塔菲尔曲线分析,对杂化膜的保护性能进行了研究.结果表明:涂层试样在N2气氛下300℃热处理,可以保证涂层中Si-O-Si键等最大程度地键合,并有效保留了有机组分,从而有利于保证杂化材料涂层的完整性,较大地提高了基体钢铁的耐腐蚀性能,可作为金属表面涂装处理工序中良好的中间过渡层.     

十七氟癸基修饰的有机-无机杂化二氧化硅膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能研究

以1,2-双(三乙氧基硅烷)乙烷(BTESE)和十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(PFDTES)为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备十七氟癸基修饰的有机-无机杂化SiO_2膜材料.通过扫描电镜、接触角测量对膜材料的形貌、疏水性进行了表征,并研究了膜材料去除水体中微量乙醇的渗透汽化性能.结果表明,十七氟癸基修饰的有机-无机杂化SiO_2膜材料表面平整光滑,而且疏水性能得到改善,当n(PFDTES)∶n(BTESE)=0.4时,膜材料对水的接触角达到(111±0.6)°.对于低浓度的乙醇水溶液,修饰后的膜材料对乙醇具有优先选择透过性,随着修饰量、料液温度的增加,渗透通量和乙醇/水分离系数均升高.当n(PFDTES)∶n(BTESE)=0.4、料液温度为50℃、乙醇质量分数为10%时,渗透通量达到0.162 kg/(m~2·h),乙醇/水分离系数为2.40.     

新型耐高温复合反渗透膜的制备与性能

以杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮超滤膜为基膜,间苯二胺作为水相单体、均苯三甲酰氯作为有机相单体,通过界面聚合法制备了新型耐高温聚芳香酰胺复合反渗透膜.研究了单体浓度、反应时间对膜性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪表征了界面聚合反应前后膜表面形貌和化学结构的变化,并对膜的耐高温性能进行了考察.随着操作温度从20℃升高到95℃,膜的脱盐率保持在97.9%,通量从7.4 L/(m~2·h)上升至31.4 L/(m~2·h);膜在沸水中煮沸至3 h,其脱盐率基本不变而通量先增加后趋于稳定,表明杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮复合反渗透膜具有优良的耐高温性能.     

FC／ZnO杂化材料的制备及结构与性能

采用射频磁控溅射法,分别以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和锌为靶,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基底上沉积氟碳(FC)膜以及FC/ZnO的有机-无机纳米杂化材料。用SEM、UV、XPS对氟碳膜和杂化材料进行了表征。结果表明,氟碳膜形成了一种由纳米粒子-纳米孔洞组成的双纳米结构,随着ZnO沉积时间的不同,FC/ZnO杂化膜呈现出不同的表面形貌,杂化膜的生长模式是一种依附于有机核的沉积-扩张生长模式;杂化材料的F/C较低,随着氧化锌沉积时间的增加,F/C出现逐渐增大的趋势;杂化膜是一种多重抗紫外线辐射的功能膜。     

MOFs有机-无机杂化膜的制备及应用研究进展

综述了基于金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料发展而来的有机-无机杂化膜的制备方法及其在气体分离、渗透汽化和纳滤等领域的应用.其中,气体分离主要介绍了杂化膜材料对H2、CO2和CH4等混合气体的分离性能;渗透汽化则基于溶剂脱水或者水相中有机物的去除等领域的应用而展开;纳滤主要介绍了杂化膜材料对小分子物质的分离性能.同时,还阐述了杂化膜材料在以上应用中所起的作用.最后总结了这种材料在研究过程中所面临的主要挑战,并对今后的发展做出了展望.     

高分子基气体分离膜材料研究进展

在简要介绍气体分离膜分离机理的基础上,详细介绍了高分子和有机-无机复合两类气体分离膜材料及其分离性能,其中高分子膜材料主要包括聚酰亚胺、硅橡胶、聚砜、醋酸纤维素、聚吡咯,有机-无机复合膜材料主要包括无机粒子填充高分子、有机-无机杂化,并对高分子基气体分离膜材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

煤制油碱性水储罐内表面无溶剂改性环氧防腐蚀涂料涂层的制备及其性能

煤直接液化制油工艺碱性含硫污水储罐内壁的腐蚀特征复杂,内防腐蚀涂层脱落问题是储罐设备安全的隐患,同时也是制约装置长周期运行的瓶颈。以纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂、有机硅环氧杂化树脂与双酚A环氧树脂复配,制备无溶剂改性环氧涂料,用于直接液化制油工艺碱性含硫污水储罐内壁的防腐蚀,并在A3钢表面制备无溶剂改性环氧防腐蚀涂层,采用相关标准测试其性能。结果表明:采用纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂可以明显改善无溶剂防腐蚀涂料涂层的耐冲击强度、柔韧性以及交联度;硅烷偶联剂与二氧化硅改性环氧涂料使涂层附着力保持时间明显延长;有机硅环氧杂化树脂可以有效改善涂层抗腐蚀介质渗透能力,有机硅环氧杂化树脂与纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂则可以极大地减轻涂层表面和涂层本体在腐蚀性介质中的破坏程度,延长防腐蚀涂层使用寿命,满足煤制油工艺中碱性水储罐的防腐蚀要求。     

PBMA-SiO2杂化纤维的制备及表征

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA)为前躯体,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEOS)为偶联剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2纤维和PBMA/SiO2杂化纤维,并使用IR、SEM、TGA等进行了结构与性能表征,研究了溶胶的杂化反应机理、成纤性能.结果表明:硅烷偶联剂的引入使得PBMA-SiO2杂化纤维均匀性较好,纤维中有机相与无机相之间通过化学键连接,实现了有机-无机组分的充分贯穿;其耐热性能优于纯PBMA.     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica hybrid nanocomposites by sol-gel technique: Synthesis and properties

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica organic inorganic hybrid composites were prepared by using sol-gel technique. Tetraethoxysilane was used as the precursor for silica. The reaction was carried out in an aqueous medium having a pH of 1.5 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, used as the catalyst. All the composites were optically clear. Interaction at organic-inorganic interfaces due to hydrogen bonds was speculated from infrared spectroscopic analysis of the hybrid composites. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed the existence of silica nanoparticles, uniformly dispersed in the organic matrix, which were found to grow in size with increase in tetraethoxysilane loading in the composites. Uniform dispersion of silica particles within the hybrid nanocomposites was also supported from the energy dispersive X-ray mapping of silicon. Dynamic mechanical properties exhibited substantial mechanical reinforcements due to the dispersion of nanosilica particles in the matrix. The results were further supported by significant improvements in the Young's modulus and the tensile strengths of the samples. All the hybrid composites demonstrated excellent water resistance.     

Preparation and characterization of novel silica-butyrylchitosan hybrid biomaterials*

Novel silica-butyrylchitosan hybrid biomaterials were produced by a sol–gel technique, using butyrylchitosan as the organic species incorporated into the silicon alkoxide (TEOS) based network. 3-acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was used effectively to combine the organic and inorganic species to form uniform hybrid biomaterials. All the samples made were in the form of thin, flexible films with transparent clarity. The blood-clotting and platelet adhesion assay confirmed that these hybrid biomaterials displayed potential good blood compatibility.     

周期性介孔有机官能化氧化硅材料(PMOs)表面修饰的研究现状

综述了周期性介孔有机官能化氧化硅材料(PMOs)及其表面修饰的研究现状.PMOs的结构与性能取决于有机硅前驱体中有机桥联基团的种类.分布在骨架和孔道内的有机官能基团由于所处的环境以及基团种类的不同,将表现出不同的化学特性,从而赋予材料不同的化学和物理性能.所以近年来,国际上很多研究人员采用不同的官能团对PMOs的孔结构进行修饰,以期获得性能更为优异的新型介孔材料.     

Effect of ultraviolet illumination and ambient gases on the photoluminescence and electrical properties of nanoporous silicon layer for organic vapor sensor

The purpose of this research, the nanoporous silicon layer were fabricated and investigated the physical properties such as photoluminescence and the electrical properties in order to develop organic vapor sensor by using nanoporous silicon. The Changes in the photoluminescence intensity of nanoporous silicon samples are studied during ultraviolet illumination in various ambient gases such as nitrogen, oxigen and vacuum. In this paper, the nanoporous silicon layer was used as organic vapor adsorption and sensing element. The advantage of this device are simple process compatible in silicon technology and usable in room temperature. The structure of this device consists of nanoporous silicon layer which is formed by anodization of silicon wafer in hydrofluoric acid solution and aluminum electrode which deposited on the top of nanoporous silicon layer by evaporator. The nanoporous silicon sensors were placed in a gas chamber with various organic vapor such as ethanol, methanol and isopropyl alcohol. From studying on electrical characteristics of this device, it is found that the nanoporous silicon layer can detect the different organic vapor. Therefore, the nanoporous silicon is important material for organic vapor sensor and it can develop to other applications about gas sensors in the future.     

Role of majority and minority carrier barriers silicon/organic hybrid heterojunction solar cells

A hybrid approach to solar cells is demonstrated in which a silicon p-n junction, used in conventional silicon-based photovoltaics, is replaced by a room-temperature fabricated silicon/organic heterojunction. The unique advantage of silicon/organic heterojunction is that it exploits the cost advantage of organic semiconductors and the performance advantages of silicon to enable potentially low-cost, efficient solar cells.     

Lamellar hybrid from octa(γ-chloroaminopropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and anionic surfactant by ion-exchange reaction

Lamellar organic–inorganic hybrid was prepared by ion-exchange reaction of octa(γ-chloroammoniumpropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (OCAP-POSS) and anionic surfactant. Lamellar structure can be expected by self-organization for the different compatibility between its inorganic parts (silicon–oxygen cages) and organic parts (organic substituents of OCAP-POSS and DBSS alkyl chain). The composition and structure of the hybrid were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, high-resolution TEM and SEM, which shows that all the chlorine ions in OCAP-POSS are replaced by surfactant organic chains and a two-dimensional multilayered structure is formed. The thermal degradation behavior of the hybrid was investigated by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere.     

P(AM PS+AM)/SiO_2高吸水性杂化材料的制备及性能

研究了以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AM PS)和丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚物为有机相,通过正硅酸乙酯(TEO S)引入S iO2无机相,采用溶胶-凝胶法制得了P(AM PS+AM)/S iO2高吸水性杂化材料,并着重研究了不同用量的TEO S对材料结构和性能的影响。采用傅立叶红外(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等检测方法对材料进行了表征,同时对材料的透光性、吸液性能、热稳定性等进行了评价。结果表明,TEO S用量为5%(相对单体质量百分含量)左右制得的高吸水性杂化材料较为理想。     

凝胶夹层防火玻璃专用有机硅消泡剂的制备及性能研究

以有机硅为主要成分,二氧化硅为助剂,采用复合型非离子乳化剂及多种稳定剂,制备凝胶夹层防火玻璃用特种有机硅消泡剂,并测试了应用性能.考察了有机硅含量、SiO2用量、乳化剂用量等因素对消泡剂性能的影响.得到了复配该消泡剂的最佳配方及工艺条件.将所得消泡剂用于防火玻璃凝胶体系中,测试其消泡效果及透明性.结果表明:所制消泡剂能较好地满足透明夹层防火玻璃的应用要求.