加快我国新型环境友好增塑剂柠檬酸酯研究与应用

综述了国外发展无毒塑料助剂柠檬酸酯增塑剂的背景，对、邻苯类增塑剂毒性研究的进展，柠檬酸酯增塑剂的主要产品与工业生产技术及原理，国内工业化生产柠檬酸酯增塑剂的原料柠檬酸、丁醇、辛醇等的现状与趋势，以及进、出口量；论述了加快我国环境友好增塑剂柠檬酸酯研究与应用的可能性与必要性。     

国内外新型无毒增塑剂在儿童玩具和食品包装行业应用现状及发展趋势

综述了国内外新型无毒增塑剂在儿童玩具和食品包装行业应用现状及发展趋势。欧盟对工业增塑剂安全政策法规的进程、国外新开发及正在推广的无毒增塑剂的现状，以及美国、德国、韩国等开发的无毒增塑剂的品种。我国无毒环保增塑剂的现状及国内企业的生产概况，柠檬酸酯无毒增塑剂产品质量指标，也指出了国内无毒环保增塑剂发展方向的存在的技术问题。     

合成柠檬酸酯类增塑剂催化剂及柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的应用

介绍柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的最新发展概况,重点阐述合成柠檬酸酯类增塑剂催化剂的研究进展及柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的应用。合成柠檬酸酯的催化剂有磺酸、固体超强酸、杂多酸、离子液体和无机盐,柠檬酸酯类增塑剂应用于食品包装、儿童玩具和医疗器具。展望柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的发展前景。     

聚合物及助剂文摘

无毒增塑剂乙酰基柠檬酸三（2-乙基己）醅应用试验报告（一）;增塑剂DBP和DIBP产品试样长期存放的酸度变化及控制要点改进;对苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOTP）的合成工艺及应用；亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂研究进展；PC／ABS合金用阻燃体系的研究进展.     

柠檬酸酯增塑剂的性能及应用研究

随着增塑剂工业的快速发展,传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸酯的毒性也受到人们的关注。绿色环保增塑剂柠檬酸酯具有无毒无味、增塑性能优良、降解性好等特点,被认为是邻苯二甲酸酯的理想替代品。介绍了柠檬酸酯的毒性、增塑性能及其在食品、医疗和儿童玩具等行业中的应用,市场前景良好。但由于价格较高限制了其大量应用。因此,降低生产成本,大力推广绿色无毒增塑剂是市场发展的必要趋势。     

粹文详摘

CW140 无毒增塑剂 研究和开发无毒增塑剂来代替邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在食品包装以及医学领域中应用已成为当前增塑剂行业的重要课题。柠檬酸酯类是优选的无毒增塑剂,其中应用最广的首推乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(ATBC)。它是被主要发达国家准许使     

柠檬酸三正丁酯及其乙酰化产物的合成与应用

柠檬酸酯是环保型塑料增塑剂，可以取代限用的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。本文介绍了柠檬酸三正丁酯及其乙酰化的新的合成工艺。为合成研究提供了实验数据。     

增塑剂

高分子量无毒三-n-辛基柠檬酸酯增塑剂的制备,PVC树脂用酯增塑剂的制备方法,具有良好贮存稳定性的丙烯酸酯增塑剂.     

柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的合成进展

概述了柠檬酸酯增塑剂中两个主要品种柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的催化合成进展。介绍了固体超强酸、稀土固体酸,杂多酸等催化剂的催化效果和特点。指出高效,无毒,无公害的催化剂的是今后研究的重点。     

新型增塑剂品种与PVC塑料制品应用

介绍了国内外新型增塑剂品种及其在工业塑料制品中的应用。天然多元醇增塑剂、无毒、生物可降级增塑剂柠檬酸酯、降解新型增塑剂Benzoflex 2888、新型偏苯三酸三酯类增塑剂、均苯四酸四酯、聚酯等助剂的应用性能；介绍了上述增塑剂产品新应用及在制品的配方组成，特别是对卫生、无毒性等要求高的塑料制品及民用塑料及高科技特种塑料制品中的应用。     

催化合成环保增塑剂的研究及其应用进展

综述了国内外催化合成新型增塑剂的新方法和催化反应工艺、催化剂的种类和制备,重点介绍了国内外主要新型环保增塑剂的性能、应用及研究现状,包括生物基植物油、聚酯、柠檬酸酯、偏苯三酸三酯及对苯二甲酸二辛酯类增塑剂的合成与性能,并与传统合成方法及催化剂比较,指出了我国催化合成增塑剂的趋势和增塑剂在国家高新技术领域中应用方向,提出我国增塑剂行业及新材料助剂领域的发展应着重于调整产品结构,加快非邻苯结构类、植物油基增塑剂的开发。     

Poly(L‐lactic acid) composites with flax fibers modified by plasticizer absorption

The effect of modified flax fibers by plasticizer absorption in poly(L‐lactic acid) composites was investigated. The plasticizes chosen were triethyl citrate (TEC), tributyl citrate (TBC) and glycerol triacetate (GTA), which were derived from natural sources. Characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The morphology was examined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results showed that the plasticizer caused a marked increase in the storage modulus of the composites, which could be due to an improvement in the morphology of the matrix and a smoother surface coverage of the fibers by the matrix. The thermal properties were also affected, in which the glass transition temperature (T_g), the crystallization temperature (T_c) and the crystallinity (X_c) were reduced depending on the plasticizer. The citrate esters revealed to be the most effective plasticizers of those tested.     

The effect of citrate esters as plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Plasticizers play a key role in the formulation of polymers and in determining their physical properties and processability. This study examines the effects of citrate esters, triethylcitrate, and triacetine as plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate). The samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamical mechanical analysis, and mechanical testing under different plasticizer contents. Both citrate esters proved to be effective as plasticizers, DSC data for the triacetine additive fits with Fox equation. Microstructure and relaxation properties were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis where loss modulus shows clearly that absorbed plasticizer shifts the α‐transition to lower temperature and β‐relaxations associated to ester side groups are unchanged even up to 30 wt % plasticizer. Mechanical properties were evaluated with an Instron testing machine. Both additives produced (1) an initial plasticization, with a decrease in tensile strength and modulus; (2) an antiplasticization, reflected as an increase in tensile strength; and modulus and (3) a final plasticization, with a notable decrease in tensile strength and modulus and an increase in elongation where a 35 wt % of triethylcitrate added to the poly(methyl methacrylate) increased in 200% its elongation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

The effect of citrate ester plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(DL‐lactide)

Citrate esters triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate were used as plasticizers for amorphous poly(D,L ‐lactide) (PDLLA). The resultant compositions were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile testing to investigate the properties of the blends. Glass transition temperatures (T_gs) obtained by DSC were also compared to theoretically calculated T_gs. Increasing plasticizer content decreased the resultant T_g of the blend with plasticizer efficiency enhanced as the molecular weight of the citrate ester increased. However, in blends with high plasticizer content, a lack of miscibility also occurred with increased molecular weight. Theoretical results were comparable with those obtained experimentally at compositions, which were miscible. Increasing plasticizer content increased the ductility and decreased the strength of the polymer. The addition of 10 wt % plasticizer to PDLLA decreased tensile strength by over 50% with the deterioration larger at higher concentrations of plasticizer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

合成柠檬酸三丁酯的催化体系

柠檬酸三丁酯是一种新型无毒增塑剂.综述了磺酸、无机盐、固体超强酸、杂多酸、稀土化合物等催化体系对合成柠檬酸三丁酯的催化作用及研究进展.     

Poly(lactic acid) plasticized by biodegradable glyceryl lactate

The esterification of glycerol with lactic acid was carried out to synthesize glyceryl lactate, which was used as a as a plasticizer with different contents and blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to get a completely biodegradable material with potential applications because of its biodegradability. The structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the plasticized PLA were studied to evaluate the plasticizing effects. The results show that the PLA plasticized with glyceryl lactate had a lower glass‐transition temperature and a better ductility. With increasing plasticizer content, the crystallinity of PLA increased. The elongation at break reached 380%, and the impact strength was 1.7 times that of neat PLA. Simultaneously, the migration rate measurements showed that glyceryl lactate presented relatively low migration toward the surface compared with glycerol and citrate esters. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43460.     

Secondary Plasticizers for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Epoxidized Esters

Abstract

The synthesis of epoxy esters of 3-pentadecenyl phenol a low cost indigeneous raw material is described. These epoxy esters have further been evaluated as secondary plasticizers for PVC. Epoxidized 3-pentadecenyl-phenyl linoleate seems to be an attractive candidate as a secondary plasticizer amongst the epoxy esters evaluated.     

Properties of fatty-acid esters of starch

This work examines the properties of starch esters for their possible application as environmentally degradable thermoplastics. The rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties of a series of fatty-acid esters of high-amylose starch (as well as the effects of adding plasticizer on some selected properties) were evaluated. The ester group acts like an internal plasticizer, with an increase in the size of the fatty-acid chain, resulting in greater internal plasticization. This is reflected in the rheological and thermal measurements as well as in the mechanical properties. Overall, larger ester groups and the addition of external plasticizer make these starch-based materials more processable and more ductile. However, comparing their properties and cost to commodity thermoplastics leads us to believe that their commercial applications are likely to be limited, at least in the near future. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Citrate esters as plasticizers for poly(lactic acid)

Citrate esters were used as plasticizers with poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Films were extruded using a single-screw extruder with plasticizer contents of 10, 20, and 30% by weight. All of the citrate esters investigated were found to be effective in reducing the glass transition temperature and improving the elongation at break. It was observed that the plasticizing efficiency was higher for the intermediate-molecular-weight plasticizers. Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation tests were conducted on these films. It was found that the lower-molecular-weight citrates increased the enzymatic degradation rate of PLA and the higher-molecular-weight citrates decreased the degradation rate as compared with that of unplasticized PLA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1507–1513, 1997