EQUILIBRIUM OF Mg-S IN Ni MELTS

The equilibrium of Mg-S in Ni melt was studied by the method of vapour equilibrium in asealed chamber.At 1530℃ the equilibrium constant of thereaction MgS_(s)=Mg_(Ni)+S_(Ni)and the activity interaction coefficient were determinedas K_(MgS)=6.76×10~(-5)and e_S~(Mg)=-9.1.     

铝—铈—锰和铝—铈—锌溶液体系的热力学性质

采用金属溶液-固相产物直接平衡法,研究了铝基溶液中铈与锰、铈与锌的相互作用。结果表明,800℃时,铝-铈-锰溶液体系中有平衔产物 AlCe_2Mn_3存在,其标准生成自由能为△G_(AlCe2Mn3)~0=-159.3kJ/mol;反应 AlCe_2Mn_(3(s))=Al_(1)+2[Ce]+3[Mn]的平衡常数为 K_(AlCe2Mn3)=1.76×10~(-8);铈与锰的相互作用系数为 e_(Ce)~(Mn)=-5.19,e_(Mn)~(Ce)=-2.03,ε_(Ce)~(Mn)=ε_(Mn)~(Ce)=-2430。700℃时,铝-铈-锌溶液体系中存在两种平衡产物:Al_2CeZn_2和Ce_3Al_(11),前者的标准生成自由能为△Gu_(Al2CeZn2)~0=-81.0kJ/mol,平衡反应 Al_2CeZn_(2(s))=2Al_(1)+[Ce]+2[Zn]的平衡常数为 K_(Al2CeZn2)=4.48×10~(-5),铈与锌的相互作用系数为 e_(Ce)~(Zn)=-5.54,e_(Zn)~(Ce)=-2.59,ε_(Ce)~(Zn)=ε_(Zn)~(Ce)=-3088。     

基于反热传导法的消失模铸件/铸型界面传热系数研究

基于反热传导法,建立了铸件/铸型界面传热系数反求数学模型。将铸铁件实际冷却曲线作为输入条件,成功获取了消失模铸件/铸型界面传热系数,同时建立了消失模铸件/铸型界面传热系数随时间变化的数学模型。当铸型温度为20℃时,传热系数服从h(t)=182.8-182.1×(7.23×10~(-5))~t;当铸型温度为50℃时,传热系数服从h(t)=181.7-237.1×(1.45×10~(-4))~t。采用反求获取的铸件/铸型界面传热系数对铸件凝固过程的温度场进行模拟。结果表明,与采用经验常数界面传热系数相比,采用反求法获取的界面传热系数的温度场模拟更接近实际。     

Bi在Fe液中的溶解平衡及Ni,Mn的影响

用气液平衡法,在密封Mo反应室中研究了1873K下Fe液中Bi蒸气溶解平衡及第三组元Ni,Mn对其的影响,测定了1873K下Bi在Fe液中的溶解量(wt—%)为0.16。Ni,Mn增加Bi的溶解量,其活度相互作用系数为e_(Bi)~(Ni)=-0.20,e_(Bi)~(Mn)=-0.19。     

Fe液中Ba—O,Ba—S,Ba—P平衡的研究

应用Ba蒸气平衡法,在密封Mo反应室内,用自制的TiN和BaS坩埚,进行了纯Fe液中Ba—O,Ba—S,Ba—P平衡的研究。得到反应:BaO_(s)=[Ba]+[O]的标准自由能ΔG°_(wt-%)=188500+38.3T J/mol,e_O~(Ba)=624-1.25×10~6/TBaS_(S)=[Ba]+[S]的标准自由能ΔG°_(wt-%)=469100-111T J/mol,e_S~(Ba)=826-1.64×10~6/T1873K下,反应Ba_3P_2=3[Ba]+2[P]的K_(Ba_3P_2)=7.76×10~(-18),e_(Ba)~P=0.95,ΔG°_(wt-%)=613200 J/mol。     

Fe-C-Sn溶液中C与Sn的相互作用

在1300—1500℃范围内用溶解度法以及在1550℃用Ag浴等Sn活度分配平衡法分别对Fe-C-Sn溶液进行了研究,主要结果如下: (1)测得Fe液中碳的饱和溶解度〔％C〕饱与Sn含量〔％Sn〕的关系: 1300℃〔％C〕_(sat)=4.65-0.086〔％Sn〕 1400℃〔％C〕_(sat)=4.86-0.106〔％Sn〕 1550℃〔％C〕_(sat)=5.13-0.131〔％Sn〕 (2)〔％C〕_(sat)与〔％Sn〕和温度的关系: 〔％C〕_(sat)=8.41-0.101〔％Sn〕-5904(1/T) (3)按同一活度法测得碳饱和Fe液中Sn与碳的活度相互作用系数与温度的关系: ~*ε_C~(Sn)=-27170/T+20.07.~*e_C~(Sn)=-51.29/T+0.041 (4)求得炼钢温度范围内,Fe基稀溶液中Sn与碳的活度相互作用系数与温度的关系: e_C~(Sn)=-194/T+0.151.e_(Sn)~C=-1810/T+1.39 (5)用Ag浴等Sn活度分配平衡法测得1550℃ Fe液中Sn与碳的一阶、二阶活度相互作用系数: e_(Sn)~C=0.12 e_C~(Sn)=0.016 γ_(Sn)~C=0     

EQUILIBRIUM OF Fe-La-O-S SYSTEM

本实验采用ZrO_2(MgO)固体电解质氧浓差电池直接测定氧的活度,用放射性测量技术及低温无水电解分离夹杂的方法,考察了电解分离过程中La_2O_2S的稳定性并测定了铁液中溶解态的La含量,对实验数据用平衡值外推法处理得到: 1550℃ K_(La_2O_2S)=3.81×10~(-19) e_S~(La)=-4.1 1600℃ K_(Li_2O_2S)=6.45×10~(-19) e_S~(La)=-4.8 1650℃ K_(Li_2O_2S)=7.41×10~(-19) e_S~(La)=-4.2 La_((1))=[La] △G_(sol)~0=-136700+59.82T,γ_(La)~0=0.33(1873K) 实验结果表明La具有比Ce,Nd,Y更强的脱硫氧能力。     

Fe-La-O-S系平衡的研究

本实验采用ZrO_2(MgO)固体电解质氧浓差电池直接测定氧的活度,用放射性测量技术及低温无水电解分离夹杂的方法,考察了电解分离过程中La_2O_2S的稳定性并测定了铁液中溶解态的La含量,对实验数据用平衡值外推法处理得到: 1550℃ K_(La_2O_2S)=3.81×10~(-19) e_S~(La)=-4.1 1600℃ K_(Li_2O_2S)=6.45×10~(-19) e_S~(La)=-4.8 1650℃ K_(Li_2O_2S)=7.41×10~(-19) e_S~(La)=-4.2 La_((1))=[La] △G_(sol)~0=-136700 59.82T,γ_(La)~0=0.33(1873K) 实验结果表明La具有比Ce,Nd,Y更强的脱硫氧能力。     

Ni液中Y-S平衡的研究

用直接平衡法研究了1500,1550,1600℃Ni液中Y-S平衡关系,测定了钇的脱硫常数lgK_(YS)及Y,S的一阶活度相互作用系数e_S~Y与温度的关系,并进行了有关的热力学计算。由测得的数据算出Ni液中YS的标准生成自由能△G_((Y)S),钇的标准溶解自由能△G_((Y)(l)→[Y]Ni),活度系数γ_Y~o,以及钇的克原子分数自相互作用系数∑_Y~Y和百分浓度自相互作用系数e_Y~Y与温度的关系。对于反应[Y]_(Ni) [S]_(Ni)=YS_(s) △G_((Y)S)=-215000 95.53T(cal/mol)脱硫常数: lgK_(YS)=-47000/T 20.86 e_S~Y=-350200/T 179 △G_((Y)(l)→[Y]Ni)=126200-79.31T(cal/mol) lgγ_(Y)=27584/T-15.151 ∑_Y~Y=-127T05/T 69.79 e_Y~Y=-364.8/T 0.2018     

A STUDY OF EQUILIBRIUM OF Y-S IN MOLTEN Ni~+

用直接平衡法研究了1500,1550,1600℃Ni液中Y-S平衡关系,测定了钇的脱硫常数lgK_(YS)及Y,S的一阶活度相互作用系数e_S~Y与温度的关系,并进行了有关的热力学计算。由测得的数据算出Ni液中YS的标准生成自由能△G_((Y)S),钇的标准溶解自由能△G_((Y)(l)→[Y]Ni),活度系数γ_Y~o,以及钇的克原子分数自相互作用系数∑_Y~Y和百分浓度自相互作用系数e_Y~Y与温度的关系。 对于反应[Y]_(Ni)+[S]_(Ni)=YS_(s) △G_((Y)S)=-215000+95.53T(cal/mol)脱硫常数: lgK_(YS)=-47000/T+20.86 e_S~Y=-350200/T+179 △G_((Y)(l)→[Y]Ni)=126200-79.31T(cal/mol) lgγ_(Y)=27584/T-15.151 ∑_Y~Y=-127T05/T+69.79 e_Y~Y=-364.8/T+0.2018     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。