Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

The valence and oxygen defect properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) suggest that they may act as auto‐regenerative free radical scavengers. Overproduction of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a critical mediator of inflammation. NO is correlated with disease activity and contributes to tissue destruction. The ability of nanoceria to scavenge free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibit inflammatory mediator production in J774A.1 murine macrophages is investigated. Cells internalize nanoceria, the treatment is nontoxic, and oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory iNOS protein expression are abated with stimulation. In vivo studies show nanoceria deposition in mouse tissues with no pathogenicity. Taken together, it is suggested that cerium oxide nanoparticles are well tolerated in mice and are incorporated into cellular tissues. Furthermore, nanoceria may have the potential to reduce ROS production in states of inflammation and therefore serve as a novel therapy for chronic inflammation.     

Transparent Flexible Heteroepitaxy of NiO Coated AZO Nanorods Arrays on Muscovites for Enhanced Energy Storage Application

Transparent flexible energy storage devices are considered as important chains in the next‐generation, which are able to store and supply energy for electronic devices. Here, aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanorods (NRs) and nickel oxide (NiO)‐coated AZO NRs on muscovites are fabricated by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition method. Interestingly, AZO NRs and AZO/NiO NRs are excellent electrodes for energy storage application with high optical transparency, high conductivity, large surface area, stability under compressive and tensile strain down to a bending radius of 5 mm with 1000 bending cycles. The obtained symmetric solid‐state supercapacitors based on these electrodes exhibit good performance with a large areal specific capacitance of 3.4 mF cm^?2, long cycle life 1000 times, robust mechanical properties, and high chemical stability. Furthermore, an AZO/NiO//Zn battery based on these electrodes is demonstrated, yielding a discharge capacity of 195 mAh g^?1 at a current rate of 8 A g^?1 and a discharge capacity of over 1000 cycles with coulombic efficiency to 92%. These results deliver a concept of opening a new opportunity for future applications in transparent flexible energy storage.     

加强储液直供式机场航空供氧保障系统建设

针对现代战争的特点和目前部队航空供氧保障的现状,分析了储液直供式机场航空供氧保障系统的优势,论述了加强储液直供式机场航空供氧保障系统建设的可行性。     

Flash Solid–Solid Synthesis of Silicon Oxide Nanorods

1D silicon‐based nanomaterials, renowned for their unique chemical and physical properties, have enabled the development of numerous advanced materials and biomedical technologies. Their production often necessitates complex and expensive equipment, requires hazardous precursors and demanding experimental conditions, and involves lengthy processes. Herein, a flash solid–solid (FSS) process is presented for the synthesis of silicon oxide nanorods completed within seconds. The innovative features of this FSS process include its simplicity, speed, and exclusive use of solid precursors, comprising hydrogen‐terminated silicon nanosheets and a metal nitrate catalyst. Advanced electron microscopy and X‐ray spectroscopy analyses favor a solid–liquid–solid reaction pathway for the growth of the silicon oxide nanorods with vapor–liquid–solid characteristics.     

Fabrication of Graphene Sheets Intercalated with Manganese Oxide/Carbon Nanofibers: Toward High‐Capacity Energy Storage

Herein, 3D nanohybrid architectures consisting of MnO_x nanocrystals, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and graphene sheets are fabricated. MnO_x‐decorated CNFs (MCNFs) with diameters of about 50 nm are readily obtained via single‐nozzle co‐electrospinning, followed by heat treatment. The MCNFs are then intercalated between graphene sheets, yielding the ternary nanohybrid MCNF/reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This straightforward synthesis process readily affords product on a scale of tens of grams. The ultrathin CNFs, which might be a promising alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), overcome the low electrical conductivity of the excellent pseudocapacitive component, MnO_x. Furthermore, the graphene sheets separated by the MCNFs boost the electrochemical performance of the nanohybrid electrodes. These nanohybrid electrodes exhibit enhanced specific capacitances compared with a sheet electrode fabricated of MCNF‐only or RGO‐only. Evidently, the RGO sheet acts as a conductive channel inside the nanohybrid, while the intercalated MCNFs increase the efficiency of the ion and charge transfer in the nanohybrid. The proposed nanohybrid architectures are expected to lay the foundation for the design and fabrication of high‐performance electrodes.     

Self‐Assembly of Transition Metal Oxide Nanostructures on MXene Nanosheets for Fast and Stable Lithium Storage

Recently, a new class of 2D materials, i.e., transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides known as MXenes, is unveiled with more than 20 types reported one after another. Since they are flexible and conductive, MXenes are expected to compete with graphene and other 2D materials in many applications. Here, a general route is reported to simple self‐assembly of transition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures, including TiO₂ nanorods and SnO₂ nanowires, on MXene (Ti₃C₂) nanosheets through van der Waals interactions. The MXene nanosheets, acting as the underlying substrate, not only enable reversible electron and ion transport at the interface but also prevent the TMO nanostructures from aggregation during lithiation/delithiation. The TMO nanostructures, in turn, serve as the spacer to prevent the MXene nanosheets from restacking, thus preserving the active areas from being lost. More importantly, they can contribute extraordinary electrochemical properties, offering short lithium diffusion pathways and additional active sites. The resulting TiO₂/MXene and SnO₂/MXene heterostructures exhibit superior high‐rate performance, making them promising high‐power and high‐energy anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.     

Ultrathin Iron‐Cobalt Oxide Nanosheets with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising method for storing light/electrical energy in the form of H₂ fuel; however, it is limited by the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To improve the accessibility of H₂ production, it is necessary to develop an efficient OER catalyst with large surface area, abundant active sites, and good stability, through a low‐cost fabrication route. Herein, a facile solution reduction method using NaBH₄ as a reductant is developed to prepare iron‐cobalt oxide nanosheets (Fe_x Co_y ‐ONSs) with a large specific surface area (up to 261.1 m² g^?1), ultrathin thickness (1.2 nm), and, importantly, abundant oxygen vacancies. The mass activity of Fe₁Co₁‐ONS measured at an overpotential of 350 mV reaches up to 54.9 A g^?1, while its Tafel slope is 36.8 mV dec^?1; both of which are superior to those of commercial RuO₂, crystalline Fe₁Co₁‐ONP, and most reported OER catalysts. The excellent OER catalytic activity of Fe₁Co₁‐ONS can be attributed to its specific structure, e.g., ultrathin nanosheets that could facilitate mass diffusion/transport of OH^? ions and provide more active sites for OER catalysis, and oxygen vacancies that could improve electronic conductivity and facilitate adsorption of H₂O onto nearby Co³⁺ sites.