Mimicking Molecular Chaperones to Regulate Protein Folding

Folding and unfolding are essential ways for a protein to regulate its biological activity. The misfolding of proteins usually reduces or completely compromises their biological functions, which eventually causes a wide range of diseases including neurodegeneration diseases, type II diabetes, and cancers. Therefore, materials that can regulate protein folding and maintain proteostasis are of significant biological and medical importance. In living organisms, molecular chaperones are a family of proteins that maintain proteostasis by interacting with, stabilizing, and repairing various non-native proteins. In the past few decades, efforts have been made to create artificial systems to mimic the structure and biological functions of nature chaperonins. Herein, recent progress in the design and construction of materials that mimic different kinds of natural molecular chaperones is summarized. The fabrication methods, construction rules, and working mechanisms of these artificial chaperone systems are described. The application of these materials in enhancing the thermal stability of proteins, assisting de novo folding of proteins, and preventing formation of toxic protein aggregates is also highlighted and explored. Finally, the challenges and potential in the field of chaperone-mimetic materials are discussed.     

Two Dimensional Nanoarrays of Individual Protein Molecules

Protein molecules on solid surfaces are essential to a number of applications, such as biosensors, biomaterials, and drug delivery. In most approaches for protein immobilization, inter‐molecular distances on the solid surface are not controlled and this may lead to aggregation and crowding. Here, a simple approach to immobilize individual protein molecules in a well‐ordered 2D array is shown, using nanopatterns obtained from a polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PHEMA) diblock copolymer thin film. This water‐stable and protein‐resistant polymer film contains hexagonally ordered PS cylindrical domains in a PHEMA matrix. The PS domains are activated by incorporating alkyne‐functionalized PS and immobilizing azide‐tagged proteins specifically onto each PS domain using “Click” chemistry. The nanometer size of the PS domain dictates that each domain can accommodate no more than one protein molecule, as verified by atomic force microscopy imaging. Immunoassay shows that the amount of specifically bound antibody scales with the number density of individual protein molecules on the 2D nanoarrays.     

蛋白质药品冷冻干燥技术研究进展

冷冻干燥技术是制备固体蛋白质药品的常用方法。本文综述了蛋白质药品冻干保护机理、冻干工艺、冻干机的研究进展，并提出了优化药品冷冻干燥过程，提高药品的稳定性和经济性的研究思路。     

适用于面制品蛋白营养强化的新型大豆蛋白

采用大豆功效成份连续提取、逆向留存大豆蛋白技术，生产新型大豆浓缩蛋白(纯度≥70%)可将大豆浓缩蛋白成本降至＜0.22万元/t，是国内外同类产品成本的1/3，在面粉中添加5%～8%新型大豆浓缩蛋白，可使面制主食中大豆蛋白含量提高3.5%～5.6%，而且可全面改善面制主食的品质，不增加面粉与面制主食的售价。     

可食性大豆蛋白包装膜性能研究

制备了大豆蛋白包装膜,研究了大豆蛋白包装膜的冲击强度、抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度、透光率、透湿率和雾度等性能。研究表明:SPI质量分数为6%时制得的大豆蛋白包装膜的综合性能最好。     

Statistical Mechanical Modeling of Protein Adsorption

We present rationale for and a derivation of a statistical mechanical model of protein adsorption. Proteins are modeled as rigid geometric objects adsorbing initially in a reversible manner and subsequently undergoing an irreversible change in shape to a permanently adsorbed state. Both adsorption and shape change occur subject to energetic interactions with previously adsorbed proteins. We evaluate the model quantitatively for proteins with disk‐shaped projections within the scaled particle theory and compare the predictions to experimental measurements taken via optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy.     

壳聚糖与羧甲基壳聚糖蛋白质印迹聚合物的制备及吸附性能

首先制备了壳聚糖的衍生物——羧甲基壳聚糖,再以壳聚糖与羧甲基壳聚糖的共混物为功能单体,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模板蛋白质,制备了一种壳聚糖与羧甲基壳聚糖共混物的蛋白质印迹聚合物。模板蛋白质吸附测试结果表明,该蛋白质印迹聚合物对BSA的吸附量是非印迹聚合物的30.8倍;对不同蛋白质的吸附测试结果表明,相比于其它对比蛋白质,该蛋白质印迹聚合物具有良好的选择性吸附模板蛋白质BSA的效果;并且该蛋白质印迹聚合物具有良好的可重复使用性能。     

蛋白高吸水凝胶研究的进展

综述了由蛋白质天然材料制备溶胀水凝胶的研究进展及应用情况.某些特殊结构的蛋白质本身具有较高的遇水溶胀和对环境响应的功能;而某些经化学改性的蛋白吸水凝胶可赋予蛋白材料更高的吸水溶胀性.化学改性的方法主要有简单交联、接枝共聚、功能基转换和多元酸酐酰化等几种,其中多元酸酐改性蛋白在确保材料可生物降解的同时,还具有较高的吸收性.蛋白质分子中的氢键、静电力、疏水作用及化学键合对凝胶的三维网络结构和溶胀性能都有极大的影响;目前,通过化学改性蛋白质制备高吸水凝胶的研究才刚起步,在改性工艺和改性点位等方面仍有很大的研究空间.该产品在减少环境污染和对石油资源的依赖性方面有很好的应用前景.     

Prediction of Protein Subcellular Localization Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform

Using Hilbert-Huang transform,subcellular localization for prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins was predicted and tested with Reinhart and Hubbard's dataset.The prediction accuracy of prokaryotic and eu...     

纳米动物蛋白包埋技术研究进展

目的 为了进一步明晰纳米动物蛋白包埋技术未来的研究方向，为后来的研究者提供一些可供参考的思路和方法。方法 通过追踪国内外纳米动物蛋白包埋技术的研究趋势，概述纳米动物蛋白包埋技术涉及的基本原料、形成机理、研究方法和包埋效果。结论 为后续科研人员深入研究纳米动物蛋白包埋技术明晰了方向，为纳米动物蛋白包埋技术在新型包装材料、功能性食品、靶向药物和高档化妆品方面的开发利用奠定基础。     

Multifunctional Materials through Modular Protein Engineering

The diversity of potential applications for protein‐engineered materials has undergone profound recent expansion through a rapid increase in the library of domains that have been utilized in these materials. Historically, protein‐engineered biomaterials have been generated from a handful of peptides that were selected and exploited for their naturally evolved functionalities. In recent years, the scope of the field has drastically expanded to include peptide domains that were designed through computational modeling, identified through high‐throughput screening, or repurposed from wild type domains to perform functions distinct from their primary native applications. The strategy of exploiting a diverse library of peptide domains to design modular block copolymers enables the synthesis of multifunctional protein‐engineered materials with a range of customizable properties and activities. As the diversity of peptide domains utilized in modular protein engineering continues to expand, a tremendous and ever‐growing combinatorial expanse of material functionalities will result.     

Engineering Protein Nanoparticles Out from Components of the Human Microbiome

Nanoscale protein materials are highly convenient as vehicles for targeted drug delivery because of their structural and functional versatility. Selective binding to specific cell surface receptors and penetration into target cells require the use of targeting peptides. Such homing stretches should be incorporated to larger proteins that do not interact with body components, to prevent undesired drug release into nontarget organs. Because of their low interactivity with human body components and their tolerated immunogenicity, proteins derived from the human microbiome are appealing and fully biocompatible building blocks for the biofabrication of nonreactive, inert protein materials within the nanoscale. Several phage and phage‐like bacterial proteins with natural structural roles are produced in Escherichia coli as polyhistidine‐tagged recombinant proteins, looking for their organization as discrete, nanoscale particulate materials. While all of them self‐assemble in a variety of sizes, the stability of the resulting constructs at 37 °C is found to be severely compromised. However, the fine adjustment of temperature and Zn²⁺ concentration allows the formation of robust nanomaterials, fully stable in complex media and under physiological conditions. Then, microbiome‐derived proteins show promise for the regulatable construction of scaffold protein nanomaterials, which can be tailored and strengthened by simple physicochemical approaches.     

骨骼肌膜DNA结合蛋白

应用差速及蔗糖密度梯度离心法提取了骨骼肌非核的肌膜蛋白,发现在肌膜上有一种ＤＮＡ结合蛋白质,其分子量为２９ｋＤａ,能与环状质粒ＤＮＡ和双链线状ＤＮＡ发生特异性结合,它可能在肌肉介导的基因转移中起作用     

Nanoscale Size Control of Protein Aggregates

Herein, a novel method to synthesize soluble, sub‐micrometer sized protein aggregates is demonstrated by mixing native and denatured proteins without using bacteria and contaminating proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) is employed as a model protein. The average size of the formed aggregates can be controlled by adjusting the fraction of denatured protein in the sample and it is possible to make unimodal size distributions of protein aggregates. OVA aggregates with a size of ～95 nm are found to be more immunogenic compared to native OVA in a murine splenocyte proliferation assay. These results suggest that the novel method of engineering size specific sub‐micrometer sized aggregates may constitute a potential route to increasing the efficacy of protein vaccines. The protein aggregates may also be promising for use in other applications including the surface functionalization of biomaterials and as industrial catalysis materials.     

蛋白纤维的研究与进展

蛋白纤维是一种具有优异性能的新型材料,有的来自于自然界动物,有的是经生物工程技术或纺丝技术处理后人工加工而成。文中主要综述蛋白纤维的性能、应用及其研究进展和制作方法。