共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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以叔丁基过氧化氢为过氧化物母体,在氢氧化钠存在下与甲基丙烯酰氯反应合成自引发单体甲基丙烯酸过氧叔丁酯,并尝试与苯乙烯组成自引发共聚合反应体系简易制备支化聚苯乙烯。采用高效液相色谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振波谱和差示扫描量热法等对引发单体结构和物性进行表征,并利用三检测体积排除色谱表征了支化聚苯乙烯的相对分子质量及其分布、特性黏度及支化结构。结果表明:制备了高纯度的目标引发单体,纯度大于98%;其过氧键分解行为与过氧化苯甲酰相近;与苯乙烯组成的自引发共聚合反应体系得到的聚苯乙烯具有较高的相对分子质量和支化程度。 相似文献
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以甘油(Gly)和马来酸酐(MA)为原料合成马来酸甘油酯(MG),作为多官能度烯类支化单体与丙烯酸(AA)单体,通过自由基共聚法制备水性支化聚合物皮革复鞣填充剂(BPMG)。通过1HNMR对支化单体和聚合物的结构进行了表征。通过正交实验考查了单体配比、引发剂用量、支化单体类型和投料方式对GM双键转化率的影响,结果表明:MG-30为支化单体,n(AA):n(MG)=6:1,w(过硫酸铵)=6%时,以单体滴加的方式,聚合温度85℃,聚合时间2.5 h的条件下,具有较高的双键转化率。应用结果显示支化聚合物可以提供皮革较好的填充性能和力学性能。SEM结果表明支化聚合物对皮革纤维具有明显的分散作用。 相似文献
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支化聚合物皮革复鞣填充剂的制备及应用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以甘油(Gly)和马来酸酐(MA)为原料合成马来酸甘油酯(MG),作为多官能度烯类支化单体与丙烯酸(AA)单体,通过自由基共聚法制备水性支化聚合物皮革复鞣填充剂(BPMG)。通过1HNMR对支化单体和聚合物的结构进行了表征。通过正交实验考察了单体配比、引发剂用量、支化单体类型和投料方式对MG双键转化率的影响。结果表明,MG-30为支化单体,n(AA)∶n(MG)=6∶1,w(过硫酸铵)=6%时,以单体滴加的方式,聚合温度85℃,聚合时间2.5h的条件下,具有较高的双键转化率。应用结果显示支化聚合物可以提供皮革较好的填充性能和力学性能。SEM结果表明,支化聚合物对皮革纤维具有明显的分散作用。 相似文献
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负离子双锂引发剂体系的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
讨论了双锂引发剂-异二烯聚合体系的缔合模型,提出了分子内缔合是双锂矣合体系的重要特点。并中模型分析了造成双锂划戊二烯聚合产物相对分子质量为双峰并有小分子拖尾现象的原因,解释了双锂引发体系较单锂引发体系聚合速度慢的实验结果。 相似文献
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以对氯甲基苯乙烯(VBC)和碘化钠(NaI)反应原位生成引发剂单体,经自缩合可逆络合聚合(SCVP-RCMP)一步法制备了支化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。通过核磁共振(NMR)和三检测凝胶渗透色谱(TD-GPC)对聚合物和聚合反应过程进行了分析和表征。结果表明,模型化合物苄氯(BzCl)在80℃与碘化钠(NaI)反应10 min就完全转化成苄碘。VBC能与NaI反应并成功引发MMA发生RCMP,MMA的转化率高达98.1%,所得聚合物特性黏度低于同分子量下线型聚合物的特性黏度,具有明显的支化结构。聚合物支化度随NaI用量的增加而增加。对反应过程研究表明,聚合反应6 h之前具有"活性"可控的特点,反应时间延长,聚合物支化度增加。 相似文献
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Amitesh Maiti William L. Shaw Samantha M. Clarke Christie Fox Lucia A. Ke William N. Cheung Mark A. Burton Graham D. Kosiba Christian D. Grant Richard H. Gee 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2024,49(2):e202300253
While most performance metrics of high-explosive (HE) based devices like detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and energy output are expected to degrade over time, the evolution of initiation threshold appears less clear, with claims of both increasing and decreasing trends in threshold having been made in the literature. This work analyzes D-optimally designed sequential binary test data for a few thermally conditioned porous-powder and polymer-bonded HE initiator systems using a Bayesian likelihood method employing the probit regression model. We find that in most cases the initiation threshold decreases (i. e., sensitivity increases) upon accelerated thermal conditioning. However, such results are nuanced and influenced by factors like the contact area of initiating stimulus, HE characteristics like density and specific surface area, as well as possible thermally induced changes to other materials and interfaces involved. 相似文献
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Claudio O. Gualerzi Attilio Fabbretti Letizia Brandi Pohl Milon Cynthia L. Pon 《Israel journal of chemistry》2010,50(1):80-94
Translation initiation is a complex, multi-step process of fundamental importance in all kingdoms of life, during which the start site of the genetic message transmitted in the form of an RNA molecule (mRNA) is selected, and the level of translation determined. Being the slowest step of protein synthesis, initiation is the phase most often subject to regulation. Here we review, in a historical perspective and focusing mainly on results from our laboratory, the development of our perception of the mechanisms by which the most relevant steps of this pathway occur in bacteria. In particular, we describe: (a) the mechanistics and kinetics of translation initiation; (b) properties of mRNAs with and without Shine–Dalgarno sequence relevant for initiation site selection and translational efficiency; c) ribosomal binding and dissociation of the initiation factors, formation and properties of translation initiation intermediates; (d) the mechanisms by which translation initiation fidelity is ensured. Finally, we provide a short survey of the known translation initiation inhibitors. 相似文献
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以4-苄氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶氮氧自由基(T)为捕捉剂,利用自由基捕捉技术和高分辨液相-电喷雾电离质谱联用(HPLC-ESI/MS)技术,研究了工业用过氧化甲乙酮溶液(MEKP)中的单倍体2,2-二氢过氧丁烷(俗称T4)在环烷酸钴的催化作用下对苯乙烯/富马酸二乙酯共聚时的竞争引发机理。依据实验结果,提出了T4-钴离子引发苯乙烯/富马酸二乙酯共聚的机理。T4在金属钴催化作用下分解产生烷氧自由基,该自由基极不稳定,主要通过β-断裂产生乙基和过氧乙酸。不稳定的过氧酸会继续分解产生酰氧自由基和羟基,酰氧自由基进一步分解产生甲基或乙基,由此生成的乙基、甲基和羟基是引发单体聚合的真正引发源。对于苯乙烯/富马酸二乙酯的竞争引发反应,乙基易于加成富马酸二乙酯,甲基易于加成苯乙烯,而羟基只能引发苯乙烯。同时,这些高活性自由基也存在着显著的氢提取过程。 相似文献
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淀粉接枝共聚高吸水性树脂的研究进展 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
分别以化学引发法和辐射引发法阐述了淀粉接枝高吸水树脂的研究进展和生产情况。介绍了化学引发接枝聚合淀粉接枝丙烯腈类树脂、淀粉接枝丙烯酸类树脂、淀粉接枝多元单体类树脂、复合型淀粉接枝脂类树脂的研究现状,对化学引发的主要影响因素进行了评述。讨论了辐射引发淀粉接枝高吸水树脂中所应用的微波辐射引发、紫外光辐射引发和γ射线辐射引发的技术优势和应用现状。指出今后淀粉类高吸水性树脂的研究应该向多元接枝共聚、制备复合型树脂和抗盐性树脂、微波固相合成、简单工艺、高效引发剂和加强理论基础研究方向发展。 相似文献
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Haiyang Wang Xiaoxiong Sun Guoning Rao Guoqiang Jian Lifeng Xie 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2014,39(4):597-603
Multiphase cloud detonation is an important but complex process, which has not been fully understood yet. Direct experimental data about the critical initiation energy (CIE) and pressure/velocity revolution of high explosive powder‐based multiphase cloud detonation is not available in the literature. In this paper, propylene oxide (PO), petroleum ether (PE), isopropyl nitrate (IPN), and a mixture of PE/IPN were individually dispersed to form a cloud in a 200 mm×5400 mm vertical detonation tube. Subsequently, this cloud was directly ignited by a high explosive. The critical initiation energy of various mist/air mixtures was measured by the up and down method. Meanwhile, the pressure history was recorded by six sensors along the detonation tube. RDX powder was added to the system and sprayed simultaneously with the liquid fuel to form a three‐phase gas‐liquid‐solid explosive cloud. The detonation pressure and velocity of all three‐phase cases significantly increased while the corresponding critical initiation energy decreased compared to the liquid‐air analogs. The CIE data were found to have a “U”‐shaped curve relationship to the fuel‐air ratio in two‐ and three‐phase systems, the minimum is always on the fuel‐rich side. 相似文献
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以四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]BF4)离子液体为反应溶剂,以过氧化苯甲酰-N,N-二甲基苯胺氧化还原体系为引发剂引发聚合了丙烯酰胺。采用粘度法测定了聚丙烯酰胺的相对粘均分子量,考察了聚合反应时间、反应温度、引发剂浓度对聚合物分子量和聚合反应单体转化率的影响。结果表明,丙烯酰胺可以在[bmim]BF4离子液体中进行氧化还原聚合,聚合物分子量随反应温度的升高而下降,聚合反应速率随着温度的升高而升高,得到的聚丙烯酰胺分子量可高达7.32×107以上,且水溶性良好。 相似文献
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The aim of this work is to combine the microstructure of a radical-polymerized diene (butadiene and isoprene) with the functionality of an anionically prepared one, which could be used for polyurethane preparation after functionalization. A two-step anionic procedure was used in order to obtain a hydrocarbon-soluble lithium-based initiator. When compared with the related anionic polymers obtained under classical conditions, the vinyl content of the polydienes was three times greater. These findings are discussed on a mechanistic basis. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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辐射引发四氟乙烯(TFE)聚合是一种高纯度PTFE的生产工艺,具有不需要引发剂、反应温度低、聚合过程可以控制的优点。介绍了辐射引发固相TFE、吸附TFE、TFE溶液和TFE乳液聚合方面的研究进展,最后指出,该工艺有助于生产差异化的PTFE。 相似文献