含异氰脲酸酯基环氧树脂的合成

为了改善环氧树脂的耐热性与韧性 ,以三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯 (THEIC)为原料 ,与环氧氯丙烷 (ECH)合成了氯化聚醚多元醇 (CPP) ,CPP与氢氧化钠反应制备了一种新型的含异氰脲酸酯基和醚键的液体环氧树脂 (EP) ,并通过IR确定了结构。CPP与氢氧化钠的摩尔比为 1∶3.2 5,在 2 50ml乙醇 ( 0 .1molCPP)中 ,室温反应 3h ,产率 87.7% ,环氧值 0 .36 87。     

新型含氮杂环环氧树脂的制备

采用无机路线制备出了产率达55.32%、环氧值达0.257的新型含氮杂环环氧树脂.先制备乙醇钠,再将三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯(THEIC)加到强碱性的乙醇钠中,得到相应的钠盐,然后在催化剂的作用下,以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)与所制备的钠盐反应得到目的产物,并探讨了相关工艺条件对环氧树脂产率和环氧值的影响.在THEIC用量为0.02 mol情况下的最佳合成工艺条件是:用乙醇作溶剂、用量为30 mL,n(THEIC):n(ECH)为1:12,催化荆用量为0.165 g,NaOH用量为2.8 g,反应时间为8～9 h.     

降解木质素环氧树脂的合成和性能研究

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIm]Cl)为溶剂,利用盐酸对木质素进行催化降解,得到降解木质素(DLG),然后将降解木质素与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)进行反应合成木质素基环氧树脂(LGEP)。利用SEM、TGA和FT-IR对样品进行表征分析,盐酸-丙酮法测定环氧树脂的环氧值,并通过正交试验得出环氧树脂的最佳合成条件。结果表明:木质素降解后粒径减小,羟基含量明显增加,热稳定性提高,且通过降解木质素有效合成了环氧树脂。环氧树脂的最佳合成条件为:m(ECH)/m(DLG)=3.5∶1,m(Na OH)/m(DLG)=1∶1,反应时间5 h,反应温度90℃;最佳条件下,环氧值最高为3.76 mmol/g。环氧树脂固化后的性能测试表明,固化剂的质量分数为50%时,环氧树脂的黏接剪切强度最高为9.6 MPa。     

高沸醇木质素环氧树脂的合成与性能研究

利用高沸醇木质素的化学活性,直接与环氧氯丙烷反应,生成木质素环氧树脂和木质素改性双酚A型环氧树脂,用环氧值、红外光谱、TGA和DSC等对树脂进行表征,并与未改性的双酚A型环氧树脂进行对比。结果表明,高沸醇木质素很容易合成木质素环氧树脂,其最佳合成条件是:n(ECH)∶n(-OH)=8,温度55～60℃,碱浓度为5%;高沸醇木质素环氧树脂能显著提高环氧树脂的耐溶剂性和耐热性。     

O-甲基丙烯酰-氧乙基二甲基环氧丙基氯化铵的合成与表征

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DM)和环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为主要原料,合成了一种活性体O-甲基丙烯酰-氧乙基二甲基环氧丙基氯化铵(ODEAC)。采用单因素实验分别讨论了反应溶剂、反应温度、物料比及反应时间对产物的转化率和环氧值的影响,确定了最佳合成工艺为:反应温度60℃,反应溶剂为异丙醇,物料比n(ECH)∶n(DM)=1∶1.6,反应时间4 h,在该条件下目标产物的转化率可达91.67%。并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和核磁共振波谱仪(1HNMR)对产物结构进行了表征。     

松香基超支化环氧树脂的合成及性能研究

首先以马来海松酸三缩水甘油酯(MPTGE)和马来海松酸(MPA)为主要原料,一步法合成松香基超支化聚酯(HPR),然后HPR再与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)经开环酯化、闭环反应,得到松香基超支化环氧树脂(HPER)。讨论了开环酯化、闭环反应中各因素对产物性能的影响,采用凝胶色谱仪、红外光谱仪对合成产物进行了表征,并确定了适宜的工艺条件:氯丙烷(ECH)与超支化聚酯(HPR)物质的量比为18∶1,开环反应以四丁基溴化铵为催化剂,用量为反应物总质量的2%,反应温度100℃;闭环反应中以氢氧化钠溶液作为中和剂,50℃下反应3 h。所得环氧树脂的环氧值为0.23 mol/100 g,粘度为850 mPa.s。     

LED封装用有机硅-环氧树脂的合成与性能研究

有机硅-环氧树脂兼具有机硅和环氧树脂的优点,广泛用于环氧树脂改性剂、有机硅增粘剂和LED封装基体树脂。以端氢基苯基硅油(HTPS)与3,4-环氧环己基甲基甲基丙烯酸酯(ECMA)为原料,采用硅氢加成法合成了有机硅-环氧树脂(PSER)。探索了PSER的合成反应条件,用红外光谱表征了其结构,并将PSER固化后应用于5050和2835贴片灯珠。结果表明,向ECMA和铂金催化剂混合物中滴加HTPS,在反应温度50℃、反应时间5 h、ECMA中CC与HTPS中Si—H键的摩尔比为1∶1时,得到的PSER树脂无色透明,储存稳定,折射率达1.535;经过3次回流焊,死灯率为0%,适合作为LED封装基体树脂。     

工业碱木质素合成环氧树脂的研究

以工业碱木质素（LG）为原料．先用环氧丙烷（P（））在2MPa下对LG改性获得丙氧基化木质素（HLG）,再将HLG与环氧氯丙烷（ECH）进行反应合成了木质素基环氧树脂（LGEP）;用红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱对LGEP的结构进行了表征,并用盐酸一丙酮法测定了LGEP的环氧值（EV）。通过正交实验确定LGEP的最佳合成条件为;m（ECH）：m（HLG）=3．5：1、m（KOH）：m（HLG）=1;1、反应时间3h、反应温度80℃,在此条件下制得的LGEP的环氧值最高。为0．397。     

相转移催化剂合成环氧树脂的研究

<正>本文用苄基三乙氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、四乙基溴化铵、聚乙二醇500、CW-2催化剂、CW-4催化剂等六种转移催化剂进行双酚A(BPA)和环氧氯丙烷(ECH)本体醚化反应,研究了催化剂种类、用量、醚化温度及ECH/BPA摩尔比对醚化反应速度及树脂的环氧值、有机氯含量和挥发物含量的影响.指出若要得到高环氧值低分子量的环氧树脂,宜选用苄基三乙     

UV固化含磷环氧丙烯酸酯的合成与性能研究

以三氯氧磷(POC l3)和丙烯酸羟乙脂(HEA)为原料合成了二丙烯酰氧乙基磷酸酯,并将其继续与环氧树脂E-51反应,合成了一种四官能度的UV固化含磷环氧丙烯酸酯。确定了上述2步反应的最佳反应条件。对含磷环氧丙烯酸酯低聚物配制的胶液进行了物理力学性能测试。结果表明:POC l3、HEA的物质的量比为2∶1,以三乙胺做缚酸剂,反应温度60~65℃,合成的二丙烯酰氧乙基磷酸酯颜色浅,收率90%,纯度93.2%。二丙烯酰氧乙基磷酸酯和环氧树脂E-51的物质的量比为2∶1,反应温度70~75℃,含磷环氧丙烯酸酯纯度88%以上。将含磷环氧丙烯酸酯低聚物配成胶液后,和环氧丙烯酸酯相比,黏度降低了95%倍,剪切强度和附着力提高了2倍,固化时间和体积收缩率大大降低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。