X80管线钢不同电化学充氢状态下的断裂特性

采用拉伸和慢拉伸试验,研究了X80管线钢在静态充氢与慢拉伸动态充氢条件下的断裂特性.结果表明:在静态充氢条件下,当充氢电流密度小于12.5 mA/cm2时,材料的断裂韧性随电流密度的增加而增加,当电流密度大于该值时,随电流密度增加,材料的断裂韧性呈下降趋势;在慢拉伸动态充氢条件下,随电流密度的增加,材料的断裂韧性显著降低,并满足一定的函数关系.静态充氢试样断口主要呈韧窝特征,但与未充氢试件比较,韧窝的尺寸变小,数量变多;慢拉伸动态充氢试样断口呈现解理形貌.     

5Cr油管电化学充氢后的力学行为

通过拉伸实验研究电化学充氢对5Cr油管钢拉伸性能的影响表明：随充氢时间和充氢电流密度的增加,5Cr油管的强度和塑性有所减小。用扫描电镜（SEM）观察断口发现其形貌以韧窝为主要特征,与未充氢试件相比,充氢试样拉伸断裂后韧窝尺寸变小、变浅,数量增多,这说明材料的塑性损失增大。充氢到一定值后材料由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

X70管线钢电化学充氢后的力学行为研究

应用拉伸试验和慢拉伸试验，研究X70管线钢电化学充氢后材料拉伸性能的变化．结果表明：电化学充氢对X70管线钢的强度没有显著的影响，主要降低了材料的塑性，从而降低了材料的断裂延性和断裂强度．在静态电化学充氢条件下，材料的塑性随充氢时间的增加，依次降低．在慢拉伸条件下，动态电化学充氢显著降低材料的塑性．断口分析表明：静态电化学充氢后的断口以韧窝为主要特征，但韧窝直径变小；慢拉伸的动态电化学充氢断口出现准解理断裂．     

电化学充氢对X80管线钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学技术、慢应变速率拉伸实验和扫描电镜(SEM)对电化学充氢后的X80管线钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明：X80管线钢静态充氢后在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中具有较高的应力腐蚀(SCC)敏感性,其断口模式为穿晶断裂;随着电化学充氢时间的延长,氢致塑性损失不断增加,拉伸断口由韧窝状韧性断口向脆性解理断口发展,SCC敏感性增大;电化学充氢促进了点蚀坑的萌生,点蚀坑和第二相夹杂是SCC裂纹萌生的重要原因。     

热冲压钢B1500HS的氢脆现象试验研究

基于电化学充氢原理搭建氢脆试验平台,开展渗氢热冲压钢的慢应变速率拉伸试验,研究热冲压钢B1500HS的氢脆现象。对比分析了含氢热冲压钢与原始热冲压钢的力学性能、断裂形式及断口形貌等差异,并讨论了充氢时间、电流密度参数对热冲压钢氢脆现象的影响。结果表明,热冲压钢充氢后力学性能显著下降,强度最高下降65. 6%,塑性损失达95. 1%;原始热冲压钢拉伸断口成韧窝状,而渗氢热冲压钢断口成准解理状,渗氢后热冲压钢的断裂形式发生了由韧性到脆性断裂的转变;随着充氢时间的增加,热冲压钢的力学性能先降低,随后略有增加;而随着电流密度的增大,热冲压钢的强度和伸长率逐渐降低,在一定时间后趋于稳定。     

N80管线钢电化学充氢后的力学行为研究

采用静态电化学充氢,研究了N80管线钢在不同充氢时间和充氢电流密度下的可扩散氢含量,分析了充氢后力学性能的变化,确定了充氢饱和时间和氢脆指数,并用扫描电镜对其断口形貌进行分析。研究表明:静态充氢后,N80材料的氢脆指数为0.662,充氢饱和时间为60 h;断面收缩率、断后伸长率、抗拉强度和屈服强度均减小;断口韧窝变小、变浅,数量减少;扩散氢含量随充氢时间和电流密度的增大而增加。     

基于预充氢拉伸法的焊接接头氢致裂纹敏感性评价

提出了焊接接头预充氢拉伸法评价焊接接头氢致裂纹敏感性的新方法,以30CrMnSiNi2钢TIG焊接接头为研究对象,对此方法进行了试验验证. 结果表明,预充氢后的拉伸试样断裂位置由未充氢时的母材区转变为HAZ粗晶区,预充氢电流对屈服强度影响不大,随预充氢电流密度增加抗拉强度下降,断后伸长率和断面收缩率减小. 同时,随着预充氢电流的增加,断裂方式由准解理断裂和韧窝断裂组成的混合型断裂逐渐向穿晶准解理断裂和沿晶准解理混合断裂过渡. 预充氢拉伸试验结果表明该方法能够方便地确定焊接接头临氢环境时的薄弱环节,有效评价焊接接头氢致裂纹敏感性.     

回火温度对30CrMnSiA钢氢致延迟断裂行为的影响

采用恒载荷缺口拉伸试验和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了30CrMnSiA钢在不同回火温度下的氢致延迟断裂行为。结果表明,随着回火温度的提高,实验钢的延迟断裂抗力逐渐提高,510℃回火时可获得良好的耐延迟断裂性能。实验钢在充氢前的断裂机制为准解理+少量韧窝断裂,且随着回火温度的升高,断口中韧窝断裂的比例增加;实验钢在充氢后或在腐蚀液中加载时,350℃和400℃回火试样的断裂机制转变为氢致沿晶断裂,510℃回火试样的断裂机制则未发生变化。     

EH36钢的氢陷阱及氢脆敏感性

采用氢渗透测试、慢拉伸试验等研究手段,探究EH36钢表面、1/4和1/2厚度处的氢陷阱、氢扩散系数及氢脆敏感性。结果表明,表面及1/4厚度处的显微组织主要为贝氏体,表面处的显微组织较为细小,1/2厚度处主要为铁素体和珠光体。可逆和不可逆氢陷阱密度由表面到1/2厚度处依次降低,氢扩散系数随之依次增大。随充氢电流密度或时间的增加,各厚度处拉伸试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率均有不同程度的降低,氢脆敏感性随之增大;拉伸断口形貌由呈韧性断裂特征的韧窝状逐渐向呈脆性断裂特征的河流状花样转变。表面处的氢脆敏感性最小,1/2厚度处的氢脆敏感性最大;在1/2厚度处的拉伸断口观察到了一些氢致裂纹。     

电化学充氢条件下X70管线钢及其焊缝的氢致开裂行为

采用电化学充氢的方法研究了X70管线钢在不同浓度硫酸溶液中的氢致开裂(HIC)行为．结果表明,增大充氢电流密度、延长充氢时间以及降低充氢溶液的pH值能够促进氢进入X70钢基体．微观观察表明,X70钢中的非金属夹杂物如氮化物和氧化物等对其氢致开裂行为有不同的影响,氮化物夹杂并不是充氢裂纹的必然形核位置,而Mg,Al,Ca等的氧化物是更为有害的氢致裂纹源．通过氢渗透实验测得室温下氢在X70钢中的有效扩散系数为3．34×10-9cm2／s．对XT0管线钢基体及焊缝试样电化学预充氢后拉伸,焊缝试样的拉伸塑性较差,各项塑性指标在充氢前、后均低于X70钢基体材料．     

Effects of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of a X70 pipeline steel

Effects of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of a X70 pipeline steel were investigated in the cases of hydrogen pre-charging and dynamic hydrogen charging in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution under slow strain rate tensile testing. Under the hydrogen pre-charging, the fracture toughness decreased in a linear relationship with the hydrogen concentration as the hydrogen concentration was more than 1 ppm in weight. The fracture surfaces were characteristic of dimples. Under the dynamic hydrogen charging, the fracture toughness for hydrogen-induced cracking decreased linearly with logarithm of the hydrogen concentration without stress. The hydrogen-induced fracture had the appearance of cleavage facets.     

The effect of hydrogen charging on the mechanical behaviour of 5083 wrought aluminum alloy

The effect of hydrogen cathodic charging on the mechanical behaviour of 5083 wrought aluminum alloy has been studied. Hardening of the surface layers of the examined alloy, due to hydrogen absorption, was observed. The tensile tests revealed that the ductility of 5083 wrought aluminum alloy decreased with increasing hydrogen charging time, for a constant value of charging current density, and with increasing charging current density, for a constant value of charging time. However, the ultimate tensile strength of the examined alloy was slightly affected by the hydrogen charging procedure. The cathodically charged 5083 wrought aluminum alloy exhibited brittle transgranular fracture at the surface layers and ductile intergranular fracture at the deeper layers of the alloy.     

电化学充氢对Cr15铁素体不锈钢和304奥氏体不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响

研究了充氢时间、充氢电流密度、晶体结构对不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明:对于铁素体不锈钢,随着充氢时间的延长、电流密度的增大,塑性显著降低,氢脆敏感性大幅度增加;通过SEM观察实验钢断口形貌,断裂类型由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。而相同条件下,奥氏体不锈钢氢脆敏感性较低,抗氢脆性能较好。充氢后实验钢表面存在大量H,且氢含量随试样深度逐渐降低,晶界可能作为氢陷阱影响实验钢的氢脆敏感性。     

Ni2Cr合金室温环境氢脆的研究

对Ni2Cr合金在不同环境气氛及动态渗氢中的脆化进行了系统研究,并从能量学方面分析了影响合金脆化的因素。结果表明,Ni2Cr合金在室温空气及氢气中不存在明显的环境氢脆,动态渗氢拉伸时Ni2Cr合金存在严重的氢脆敏感性,无序和高度有序合金脆化严重,部分有序合金氢脆敏感性较小。     

Hydrogen-enhanced lattice defect formation and hydrogen embrittlement of cyclically prestressed tempered martensitic steel

The numbers of lattice defects formed by applying cyclic prestress with/without hydrogen for various numbers of cycles and strain rates during cyclic prestress were compared for tempered martensitic steel. A tensile test was also carried out to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility following the application of cyclic prestress. The results showed that when cyclic prestress was applied without hydrogen, the number of cycles and strain rate had no apparent effect on mechanical properties and fracture morphology at the time of the subsequent tensile test. In contrast, when cyclic prestress was applied with hydrogen, the fracture strain and fracture stress decreased with an increasing number of prestress cycles and a decreasing strain rate, and the fracture morphology exhibited brittle fracture, signifying an increase in hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility at the time of the tensile test. The number of hydrogen-enhanced lattice defects also increased with increasing number of cycles and a decreasing strain rate was found when cyclic prestress was applied with hydrogen. These results indicate a correlation between hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility and the number of hydrogen-enhanced lattice defects. The kinds of increased hydrogen-enhanced lattice defects were probably vacancies and vacancy clusters formed by the interactions between hydrogen and dislocation movement during the application of cyclic prestress. The vacancies and vacancy clusters formed during the application of cyclic prestress with hydrogen presumably caused intergranular fracture and increased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility.     

Mo-Si合金室温及高温拉伸力学性能研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备了不同Si含量(0,0.1,0.3wt%Si)的Mo-Si合金板材,并在25,300,800和1200℃下进行了静拉伸试验,研究了试验温度对Mo-Si合金板材力学性能、断裂方式及微观组织的影响。结果表明:随试验温度升高,纯钼及Mo-Si合金板材强度明显下降,但延伸率以300℃为分界点呈现出先升后降的趋势。室温下Mo-Si合金的断裂方式为穿晶解理断裂,在300及800℃时主要为韧窝延性断裂,而1200℃时为沿晶断裂。对Mo-Si合金强化机制的分析表明,室温下的强化主要来源于弥散强化和固溶强化,而在高温时,固溶作用明显减弱,颗粒弥散和粗化晶粒为主要的强化手段。