基于压缩感知的ISAR高分辨成像算法

针对 ISAR 在短孔径条件下存在的方位向分辨率低、易受噪声干扰等问题,基于压缩感知理论,提出了一种适用于短孔径时间模式下的基于压缩感知的ISAR方位向高分辨成像算法--PH-SL0算法。该算法首先构建部分随机化哈达玛矩阵作为量测矩阵,PH 矩阵具有重构精度高、重构需要量测个数少的优点;然后将运算速度快、重构精度高且稳健性好的平滑0-范数法（SL0, smoothed L0-norm）推广应用到雷达复数域进行信号重构,实现 ISAR的横向高分辨成像;最后对在短 CPI条件下提出的 PH-SL0算法的横向分辨率问题进行了理论分析。仿真和实测数据结果表明,所提算法具有更高的聚焦性能、分辨率以及较好的抗噪性能。     

Adaptive array beamforming based on an efficient technique

This paper presents a new processing technique for adaptive array beamforming. We first properly decompose the optimal weight vector associated with the original array beamformer into several adaptive weight subvectors. An adaptive algorithm based on the conventional RLS algorithm is derived to update the weight subvectors. The required computational complexity is also evaluated for the proposed technique. The convergence rate of the proposed technique is mainly affected by the size of the largest weight subvector. Faster convergence speed and less array sensitivity to the pointing errors can be achieved by using the proposed technique. Several simulation results are included for illustration and comparison     

An adaptive beamforming technique based on cyclostationary signalproperties

A new approach to adaptive beamforming is presented. The method is based on the property of cyclostationary signals to generate spectral lines when they pass through certain nonlinear transformations. The beamformer coefficients are selected according to a new optimization objective, which consists on minimizing the mean square error between the array output after the nonlinearity and a complex exponential. This approach optimally extracts any signal that generates a spectral line at the same frequency as the reference complex exponential. A gradient-based algorithm is derived to compute the optimum weights. Since the proposed cost function is a nonconvex function of the array coefficients, minima are analyzed for the three most common types of perturbations found in communications: Gaussian noise, multiple interferences, and multipath propagation. It is demonstrated via analysis and simulations that minima correspond to points where output noise power is minimized, interferences are canceled, and intersymbol interference is removed, i.e., the beamformer eliminates the distortion introduced by the radiocommunication channel     

A new DOA estimation technique based on subarray beamforming

A new direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation technique using subarray beamforming is proposed. Two virtual subarrays are used to form a signal whose phase relative to the reference signal is a function of the DOA. The DOA is then estimated based on the computation of the phase shift between the reference signal and its phase-shifted version. Since the phase-shifted reference signal is obtained after interference rejection through beamforming, the effect of cochannel interference on the estimation is significantly reduced. The proposed technique is computationally simple, and the number of signal sources detectable is not bounded by the number of antenna elements used. Performance analysis and extensive simulations show that the proposed technique offers significantly improved estimation resolution, capacity, and accuracy relative to existing techniques.     

超宽带穿墙雷达稳健波束域高分辨成像方法

以实现超宽带穿墙雷达目标高分辨为目的,提出了稳健波束域高分辨谱估计成像方法.该方法将天线接收数据进行补偿达到阵列数据对齐后,首先利用双约束稳健Capon波束形成(DRCB)进行波束域预处理得到二维空间波束,然后利用Capon谱估计处理其二维空间谱获得高分辨成像.此方法将稳健波束形成和高分辨谱估计结合,明显改善了成像质量...     

基于相机实拍的高分辨集成成像三维显示技术的研究

为了实现高分辨率集成成像三维显示,设计了一种基于数码相机实拍的集成成像高分辨率图像采集系统,给出3D图像的深度范围;对实、虚显示模式的图像分辨率进行分析研究。基于集成成像原理用数码相机进行高分辨率的图像采集,由微透镜阵列节距、焦距、物距等参数计算出显示分辨率与显示深度,结合计算机进行图像处理,通过高精度打印图像并与微透镜阵列粘合的方法进行实验验证,给出拍摄参数和显示参数并与传统视差显示模式和集成成像的聚焦显示模式进行比较。在参数匹配较好的情况下,集成成像实、虚显示模式的图像分辨率优于聚焦显示模式和传统视差显示模式,并可采用较宽节距的微透镜阵列,验证了集成成像实、虚显示模式下可实现高分辨率的三维显示。通过集成成像高分辨率图像采集,并以实模式、虚模式显示模式,可获得高分辨率的集成成像三维显示。     

激光导波阵列波束成形损伤成像方法

激光超声检测方法在结构损伤检测领域有着广泛应 用。增加激光信号用于损伤成像的技术难点。针对此挑战,采用提出的Morlet小波分析法提 取激光宽频信号中对应中心频率下的窄带信息。为实现损伤 的可视化,分析比较了导波阵列波束成形损伤成像算法中时间延迟叠加算法和相位延迟叠加 算法,其中相位延迟叠加成像法对频域内所有频率成分实施延迟叠加能克服导波的频散效应 得影响,能实现对损伤更精确的定位。为验证该方法的实用性,构建了激光激励/接收完全 非接触式的实验系统,通过对Morlet小波分析后的信号采用延迟叠加算法对损伤进行成像, 实验结果表明了:相位延迟叠加成像法成像效果比时间延迟成像法成像效果更佳,定位更精 确。     

High resolution AC temperature field imaging

Using a CCD camera and a multichannel lock-in scheme, the authors have enhanced the capabilities of photoreflectance microscopy to obtain a 2D image without scanning the sampler thus dramatically reducing the acquisition time. The photoreflectance images presented show Joule and Peltier heating of a polycrystalline Si 1 kΩ resistor across which a 30 mA peak to peak sinusoidal current is forced     

差分合成孔径激光雷达高分辨率成像实验

利用1 550 nm波长的可调谐光纤激光器,建立了DSAL（Differential synthetic aperture ladar）高分辨率成像演示实验装置。在1.85 m的目标距离上,开展了合作目标的DSAL成像实验。利用基本的DSAL成像理论,重构了目标回波的相位史数据,实现了高分辨率合成孔径成像。详细给出了不同方位运动条件下获得的DSAL图像。实验结果表明:利用经过DSAL技术重建后的目标回波相位史数据,能够形成聚焦良好的高分辨率DSAL图像。这显示了DSAL技术对共模相位误差的稳健消除能力。此外,不同方位运动条件下的DSAL成像结果表明,在超过规定方位运动速度30%的范围内,均可观察到良好聚焦或至少可接受的DSAL图像,表明DSAL系统对方位运动速度变化有一定范围的适应能力。     

High resolution long range ISAR imaging systems

The requirements for high resolution, long range ISAR imaging systems capable of recognising targets have been outlined. Systems meeting these requirements and operating at mm-wavelengths have been proposed. The systems consist of N phased locked transmitters feeding as many antennas in phase. Quasi-optical power addition at the target occurs. In the receive mode all antennas are connected in phase. These systems can at least double the range obtained by utilising a system having one transmitter/antenna combination. Several realisation options have been studied including the annular synthesis antenna systems which offer some advantages over more conventional realisations.     

High resolution three-dimensional microwave imaging of antennas

A procedure for imaging antenna currents that uses a relationship between the radiated far-field hemisphere and the Fourier transform domain of the source current density distribution is presented. The technique is applied to an array of two orthogonal waveguides, a slotted waveguide array and a reflector antenna. In each case the radiated far-field hemisphere is inverted to produce a high-resolution volumetric image of the antenna currents. Polarization discrimination is demonstrated as is the ability of the technique to `see behind' blockages by defocusing the foreground. It is shown that accurate distribution is available from the reconstructed image. Selective editing of the Fourier domain of the current distribution is performed to suppress unwanted artifacts in the reconstruction     

基于SVD的特征空间波束合成器

针对特征空间波束合成器,采用对数据矩阵进行奇异值分解,利用奇异值和奇异值矢量计算最优权矢量,完成波束合成.该方法不仅完成特征空间降维作用,同时可以避免对阵列协方差矩阵的估计,减少估计运算量和估计误差.实现的主要步骤包括了奇异值分解的数值计算,信源数估计,期望信号波达方向估计和权值求解几个方面.计算机仿真证明,新算法可以正确实现波束合成,提高系统增益.     

基于MIMO的ISAR成像算法研究

基于RD算法的ISAR成像在实际应用中由于很多复杂的因素导致可利用的成像积累时间短,有可能达不到所要求的方位向分辨率。在此研究了几种不同情况下,结合MIMO技术对同一目标ISAR成像的算法。它采用多个收发雷达对同一目标发射一组射频信号,通过对接收到的回波信号进行匹配滤波实现距离像压缩,将不同雷达接收到的距离像进行选取、插值、组合,最后对组合后数据进行方位向多普勒分辨成像。理论推导以及仿真实验结果证明,该方法在不同情况下都可以在达到方位向分辨率的前提下,缩短成像所需时间,或者在确保成像时间的前提下,提高成像的分辨率。这样缩短成像时间的方法扩大了ISAR成像的应用范围,提高了ISAR成像效果。     

A novel pulse-echo technique for medical three-dimensional imaging

A new pulse-echo imaging technique for close near-field applications is proposed. Based on the theory developed for the continuous-wave automatic focusing technique (CWAFT), it uses instead, a frequency-domain phase compensation through a convolutional mechanism. In addition, the scanned frequencies of the transmitted CW signals are sent simultaneously in a pulse that is used for the data acquisition and processing. The pulse-echo nature of this technique makes it a candidate for further development and evaluation for ultrasonic three-dimensional (3-D) medical imaging and nondestructive testing. Furthermore, the “spike-like” nature of the back propagator in the frequency domain is used to half the data acquired. This alleviates most of the drawbacks of the CWAFT in data acquisition and processing. Simulation results are presented for both two-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D targets     

DBS高分辨成像及动目标轨迹处理

简述了DBS成像方法的一般工作原理,经分析得出：在SAR／GMTI模式下,通过聚焦处理技术可有效的提高成像质量,并可通过多普勒搬移方法,将检测出的动目标在雷达图像中的方位位移去除,还原到其应该在的图像位置,得到动目标运动轨迹。利用雷达实测数据进行处理,得出了较满意的结果。     

基于空间谱估计的多干扰源分辨技术研究

为实现反辐射导弹分辨多个干扰源,根据空间谱估计原理,提出采用均匀圆形阵列天线结构对目标进行测向定位,并运用MUSIC算法估计其到达角,实现空域分辨。建立了基于均匀圆阵的二维DOA估计模型,讨论了角分辨算法在导引头中的具体应用。仿真结果证明了采用该方法能够有效分辨多个干扰源。     

合成孔径成像激光雷达高分辨的一维距离像

合成孔径成像激光雷达是一种新的主动式有源成像系统,其突出优势是可以获得比合成孔径雷达更高的分辨率,和更接近光学图片的成像质量.对激光波段的高分辨距离像进行了研究,介绍了合成孔径成像激光雷达一维距离像的室内实验系统,有效地对合成孔径成像激光雷达一维距离像进行模拟.首先,简述了一维距离像的成像原理.然后,分析了系统的关键技术,给出了系统框图和连接关系,并且针对激光调谐信号的非线性问题,利用多项式推导出非线性的激光信号表达式,提出了一种时域补偿高阶相位误差的补偿方法.最后,通过实验证明了所提方法可以有效地消除各个脉冲的非线性问题,并且表明所给实验系统的可行性.     

Robust beamforming based on variable loading

A novel beamformer based on variable loading technique is presented. It is more robust than the widely used diagonal loading technique against steering errors or lack of training data. Computer results demonstrate good performance of the proposed beamformer.     

基于格雷码图案投影的结构光三维成像技术

近年来,结构光三维成像技术被深入研究和广泛应用。在众多的结构光投影三维成像方法中,基于格雷码图案投影的三维成像技术因具有良好的鲁棒性和抗噪性被广泛地应用到工业检测、文物数字化及生物医学检测等领域。投影出去的格雷码图案作为一种结构光,可以直接用来调制被测面形高度分布,也可以用来辅助其他结构光的信息获取和计算,最终达到三维成像的目的。文中概述了基于格雷码图案投影的结构光三维成像技术,回顾了不同种类方法的基本原理以及研究进展,给出了课题组相关方向上的原理及应用研究结果,分析了格雷码二值图案在三维面形测量应用中的优缺点和适用范围,并指出了该领域今后的发展动向。