Plasma-Electrochemical Formation of Sn-Containing Oxide Layers on Titanium

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Coatings containing SnO2 have been formed on titanium by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in the electrolyte with EDTA-Sn2+...     

钛合金表面等离子喷涂热障涂层性能的研究

用等离子喷涂法在钛合金（Ti6Al4V）表面制备NiCrAlY＋（ZrO2＋Y2O3）陶瓷热障涂层。用XRD、SEM检测了涂层的金相组织、结构及形貌。对喷涂前后的试样在600℃进行了高温氧化实验,给出了氧化动力学曲线。结果表明．钛合金经等离子喷涂处理后表面形成陶瓷热障涂层且与基体结合紧密,涂层的厚度约为210um。所形成的热障涂层显著地提高了钛合金的高温抗氧化性能．降低了氧化速率,致密的氧化膜对继续氧化有阻碍作用。     

牙科含钛镍基烤瓷合金可铸造性研究

报告了最近研制的牙科无铍、含钛的镍基烤瓷合金（ＮＣＴ１）和无铍、不含钛的镍基烤瓷合金（ＮＣ１）的可铸造性。试验采用网格检测法和薄片铸造法,通过计算网格数和薄片完整性来评价可铸造性。结果表明这两种合金网格铸出率为１００％ 。ＮＣ１ 和ＮＣＴ１ 薄片铸出率分别为９７５％ 和９５０％ ,两组无显著差异。研究结果说明加入少量钛到镍基合金中,对合金的可铸造性无显著的不良影响。     

金属表面腐蚀层及涂层的激光干式清洗研究进展

激光干式清洗方法,因操作简单、清洗过程易于控制等优点,目前应用最为广泛。重点介绍了激光干式清洗在各种金属材质表面不同腐蚀层和涂层清除中的应用,包括有多种钢材表面的锈层,钢材表面的ZrO2、Cr2O3、Al2O3变性层,热轧钢表面高温氧化层,Ti合金表面富氧α相层,合金钢在H2S环境中腐蚀而形成的硫化层,钢、铝合金、钛合金表面漆层,热压成型钢板表面Al-Si涂层以及航空压缩机Ti合金叶片TiAlN涂层等。分类对比了不同清洗对象所需选用的合适激光清洗工艺参数,如波长、脉宽、频率、功率、扫描速率等。金属材料激光干式清洗多选用波长为1064 nm的纳秒激光器,清洗后表面粗糙度可达1μm,且随着能量输入的升高而增大。锈层的去除主要依靠高温烧蚀作用,变性层是由于产生的热弹性应力而剥离,而漆层和涂层则是由于烧蚀气化、热振动、热冲击等机制实现清洗。最后,对激光清洗技术在国内不同工业领域中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of Particle Morphology and Size Distribution on Cold-Sprayed Pure Titanium Coatings

The effects of commercially pure titanium particle morphology (spherical, sponge, and irregular) and size distributions (mean particle sizes of 20-49 μm) on the cold spray process and resulting coating properties were investigated. Numerous powder and coating characterizations were performed including: powder oxygen and nitrogen contents, powder flowability, powder compressibility, coating microhardness, coating porosity, LOM/SEM analyses, and XRD. Compared to spherical powders, the sponge and irregular CP-Ti powders had higher oxygen content, poorer powder flowability, higher compression ratio, lower powder packing factor, and higher average particle impact velocities. XRD results showed no new phases present when comparing the various feedstock powders to corresponding coatings. A higher particle temperature was also obtained with larger particle size for all feedstock powder morphologies processed with the same set of spray parameters. A spherical powder with 29 μm mean particle size was found to have the lowest porosity coating and best cold sprayability. The relationships of several as-cold sprayed coating characteristics to the ratio of particle impact and critical velocities were also discussed.     

Formation of Anodic Layers with Mn, Mg and P on Titanium and Aluminum

It is shown that by varying the molar ratio n= [polyphosphate]/[Me(II)] in aqueous electrolytes it is possible to control the contents of Mg, Mn, P, Al and Ti in the anodic layers that are formed at potentials of sparking and microarc discharges on aluminum and titanium. The effects of the nature of a treated metal on the parameters of the formation, thickness, and elemental composition of coatings are compared.     

1050纯铝微弧氧化陶瓷层的生长动力学与腐蚀性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在1050纯铝表面制备陶瓷膜,分析了不同制备参数对应的电压与时间曲线.表征了陶瓷氧化膜的厚度、微观形貌,膜层结构和成分;评定了陶瓷氧化膜在NaCI溶液中耐腐蚀性能.随着电流密度的增大,陶瓷膜的厚度呈线性快速增加.微弧氧化后试样具有更高的腐蚀电位和更低的腐蚀电流密度,并且发现铝合金的维钝电流密度可以从0.1A/cm~2降低为10~-7A/cm~2,低的腐蚀电流密度可能是由于膜的厚度、致密度等决定.     

Comparison of Oxidation and Microstructure of Warm-Sprayed and Cold-Sprayed Titanium Coatings

Thick titanium coatings were prepared by the warm spraying (WS) and cold spraying (CS) processes to investigate the oxidation and microstructure of the coating layers. Prior to the coating formations, the temperature and velocity of in-flight titanium powder particles were numerically calculated. Significant oxidation occurred in the WS process using higher gas temperature conditions with low nitrogen flow rate, which is mixed to the flame jet of a high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray gun in order to control the temperature of the propellant gas. Oxidation, however, decreased strikingly as the nitrogen flow rate increased. In the CS process using nitrogen or helium as a propellant gas, little oxidation was observed. Even when scanning electron microscopy or an x-ray diffraction method did not detect oxides in the coating layers produced by WS using a high nitrogen flow rate or by CS using helium, the inert gas fusion method revealed minor increases of oxygen content from 0.01 to 0.2?wt.%. Most of the cross-sections of the coating layers prepared by conventional mechanical polishing looked dense. However, the cross-sections prepared by an ion-milling method revealed the actual microstructures containing small pores and unbounded interfaces between deposited particles.     

Essential Factors Influencing the Bonding Strength of Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings on Ceramic Substrates

The present work summarizes the most important results of a research project dealing with the comprehensive investigation of the bonding mechanisms between cold-sprayed Al coatings and various poly- and monocrystalline ceramic substrates (Al₂O₃, AlN, Si₃N₄, SiC, MgF₂). Due to their exceptional combination of properties, metallized ceramics are gaining more and more importance for a wide variety of applications, especially in electronic engineering. Cold spray provides a quick, flexible, and cost-effective one-step process to apply metallic coatings on ceramic surfaces. However, since most of the existing cold-spray-related publications focus on metallic substrates, only very little is known about the bonding mechanisms acting between cold-sprayed metals and ceramic substrates. In this paper, the essential factors influencing the bonding strength in such composites are identified. Besides mechanical tensile strength testing, a thorough analysis of the coatings and especially the metal/ceramic interfaces was conducted by means of HRTEM, FFT, STEM, EDX, EELS, GAXRD, and EBSD. The influence of substrate material, substrate temperature, and particle size is evaluated. The results suggest that, apart from mechanical interlocking, the adhesion of cold-sprayed metallic coatings on ceramics is based on a complex interplay of different mechanisms such as quasiadiabatic shearing, static recrystallization, and heteroepitaxial growth.     

Colonization of Bacteria on the Surfaces of Cold-Sprayed Copper Coatings Alters Their Electrochemical Behaviors

Copper coatings were fabricated on stainless steel plates by cold spraying. Attachment and colonization of Bacillus sp. on their surfaces in artificial seawater were characterized, and their effects on anticorrosion performances of the coatings were examined. Attached bacteria were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical behaviors including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with/without bacterial attachment were evaluated using commercial electrochemical analysis station Modulab. Results show that Bacillus sp. opt to settle on low-lying spots of the coating surfaces in early stage, followed by recruitment and attachment of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted through metabolism of Bacillus sp. The bacteria survive with the protection of EPS. An attachment model is proposed to illustrate the bacterial behaviors on the surfaces of the coatings. Electrochemical data show that current density under Bacillus sp. environment decreases compared to that without the bacteria. Charge-transfer resistance increases markedly in bacteria-containing seawater, suggesting that corrosion resistance increases and corrosion rate decreases. The influencing mechanism of bacteria settlement on corrosion resistance of the cold-sprayed copper coatings was discussed and elucidated.     

Cyclic-Oxidation Resistance of Protective Silicide Layers on Titanium

Titanium was powder siliconized and gas nitrided, in order to improve its cyclic-oxidation resistance. Siliconizing was performed in a pure-silicon powder at temperatures in the range of 800–1100° C for 3–48 h. Gas nitriding was carried out in pure N₂ at 1100° C/12 h. Cyclic-oxidation experiments with the siliconized and nitrided samples were conducted in air at 850 and 950° C for up to 560 h. It was found that the siliconized layers grew according to the parabolic law with the activation energy for siliconizing E_S being 47.2 kJ mol^–1. Powder siliconizing at 900–1100° C/3 h produced multi-phase layers, in which Ti₅Si₃ silicide predominated The siliconizing temperature of 800° C/3 h appeared to be insufficient, because it led to a non-uniform surface layer with a slight protective effect. The nitrided layers were composed of titanium nitride TiN and -Ti(N) intestitial solid solution. Measurement of the oxidation kinetics revealed that the titanium siliconized at 900–1100° C/3 h oxidized much more slowly than pure Ti, Ti–6Al–4V alloy and nitrided titanium. Microstructural investigation revealed the complex sub-structure of the scales on the siliconized samples which was composed of rutile+silica, rutile and nitrogen-rich sub-layers. The mechanism of high-temperature cyclic oxidation of the siliconized and nitrided titanium is discussed.     

钛合金表面生物活性陶瓷涂层的设计

将生物活性陶瓷涂覆在钛合金表面可以综合金属和生物活性陶瓷的优点,通过对金属基体上陶瓷涂层的设计可以改善涂层与基体的结合强度.本文对钛合金表面不同类型涂层的设计进行了综合评述,并对如何提高生物活性陶瓷涂层与基体的界面结合强度提出建议.     

Technological Procedure for the Formation of an Oxide Layer on the Surfaces of Structures Made of Titanium Alloys

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The possibility of the application of a mobile unit with several travelling electrodes to form oxide coatings via the microarc oxidation on...     

金属材料的激光陶瓷涂层和涂膜

介绍采用激光技术对金属材料沉积陶瓷涂层和涂膜的原理和工艺.获得的陶瓷涂层和涂膜可以改善金属材料的表面性质并赋予其特殊的性能.     

Effect of Ceramic Particles on Properties of Cold-Sprayed Ni-20Cr+Al2O3 Coatings

Cold spraying is a thermal spray process enabling the production of metallic and metal-ceramic coatings with low porosity and low oxygen content, capable of, e.g., resisting corrosion. The aim of this study was to characterize the microstructural and mechanical properties of cold-sprayed Ni-20Cr+Al₂O₃ coatings and to clarify the effect of the hard particles on different coating properties. Accordingly, the research focused on the microstructure, denseness (impermeability), adhesion strength, and hardness of the coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and corrosion tests were run to gain information on the through-porosity. Ceramic addition in cold-sprayed Ni-20Cr+Al₂O₃ coatings improved their quality by lowering their porosity. Moreover, hardness was slightly higher than those of cold-sprayed Ni-20Cr coating, indicating a hardening effect by the ceramic particles. The addition of Al₂O₃ also made it possible to use high gas temperatures without nozzle clogging, which affects coating properties, such as coating thickness, denseness, and hardness.     

钛金属制备方法的研究进展

钛金属具有一系列优越的性能,但较高的生产成本严重阻碍了其应用,因此迫切需要低成本的钛金属生产工艺。本文主要介绍了钛金属生产工艺的最新发展概况,包括燃烧合成法、预成型还原法的改进方法、Hunter法及其改进方法、USTB工艺、NaCl-KCl-TiClx熔盐电解制备高纯钛粉,以及KCl-NaCl-KF熔盐体系电沉积制备碳钢表面钛防腐镀层。最后,对钛工业的发展做出了展望。     

铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层耐磨性

利用微弧氧化技术在7075铝合金表面形成微弧氧化陶瓷膜层,通过SEM、XRD手段分析了微弧氧化陶瓷层的显微结构、表面形貌和相组成,并在HIT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损试验机上测试了陶瓷膜层的摩擦学性能.结果表明:7075铝合金表面的微弧氧化陶瓷膜层由疏松层、致密层构成,其相组成主要是α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3两相;氧化陶瓷层与基体结合良好,厚度为25～45μm,表面硬度可达到1900HV0.1左右;微弧氧化表面处理技术可以显著提高铝合金的表面耐磨性,在与GCr15钢球对磨时,膜层具有较低的磨损率,但摩擦因数相对较高.