生物质固体成型燃料燃烧设备开发利用的战略研究

生物质能作为可再生能源的一种一直被广泛关注,生物质固体成型燃料燃烧设备的开发利用是生物质能利用的一种有效途径。总结了国内外生物质固体成型燃料燃烧设备开发利用的现状,并从国内政策、技术研发方面对生物质固体成型燃料燃烧设备的发展趋势进行了阐述,通过调查研究当前面临的问题,提出战略解决方案,认真总结建议措施,为新能源与可再生能源开发利用的战略研究提供参考。     

生物质连续热裂解设备开发现状及发展前景

生物质连续热裂解技术作为一种高效的生物质能源资源转化技术,受到各国的青睐。本文主要论述了国内外关于生物质能源利用和生物质连续热裂解设备的发展情况。介绍了国内外几种典型生物质连续热裂解设备的结构特点;与传统窑式热裂解设备相比,国内新型回转窑式连续热裂解设备热解周期短、原料适应性和可操作性强,但是问题依然存在;国外更注重生物质能源的深层次开发和利用,其热裂解设备趋于将生物质能转化为多元化产品方向发展。未来,生物质热裂解设备将朝着自动化程度高、热解连续性强以及实现生物质综合高效联合循环利用等方向发展。     

生物质电厂原料自动化贮运系统

应用技术经济分析的原理及方法,对秸杆包全自动去铁丝设备、卡车液压翻板卸车机等全自动贮运设施在大型生物质电厂及生物质新能源项目中的应用进行了分析研究,对全自动化的圆形堆场、长条形堆场与非自动化的散堆堆场进行了技术经济比较与分析。分析结果验证了生物质原料自动化贮运系统在我国大型生物质能源项目及大型生物质电厂原料贮运系统中应用的可行性。与传统的生物质电厂原料贮运系统相比,生物质原料自动化贮运系统技术先进、自动化程度高、工作环境好、运营成本及总投资低,是未来大型生物质电厂及其他生物质新能源项目的必然选择。     

秸秆生物质平模成型机关键部件的改进设计

生物质能是一种既清洁又可再生的能源,生物质固体成型燃料技术是生物质能源转化与利用的主要发展方向之一。在分析生物质平模成型机的工作原理基础上,进行锥辊式秸秆生物质平模机总体结构设计,对锥辊、成型模孔等关键部件进行改进设计。生物质平模机的使用推广,实现了对秸秆等生物质能源有效利用,也有助于解决秸秆生物质资源浪费及污染问题。     

基于ABAQUS的新型液压生物质成型模具的结构优化及仿真

生物质液压成型技术是利用液压能使松散的生物质原料发生机械变形和塑性变形,成为燃烧性能较好的固体燃料的过程。其中成型模具对生物质的成型起到了关键作用。该研究对成型模具的形状进行了优化设计,用弧面模具替代了传统的锥面模具,并利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对生物质液压成型过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明成型模具采用弧面形式可延长其使用寿命并能达到提高生物质成型块物理品质的效果。     

生物质燃料固化成型设备发展现状及趋势

生物质固化成型技术作为生物质能的一种有效利用方式,对开发利用我国大量生物质秸秆资源具有重要意义。介绍了国内外生物质燃料固化成型设备的发展现状,分析比较了国内外固化成型设备,提出未来生物质燃料固化成型设备的发展趋势。     

生物质燃料平模成型机关键参数分析

植物类生物质原料粉碎成小粒子后,若施加一定的压力,粒子会发生变形并互相结合。利用一定温度下植物细胞内水质素粘性的增加可以将粒子牢固胶合,使原料形成块状固体,作为燃料使用。平模成型机是常用的成型设备之一。文中对设备成型部分中的压辊进行受力分析,推出成型机功率和生产率的理论计算公式,并根据生物质成型机理分析提出了平模机成型部分关键参数的选择方法。经实际检验,具有一定的参考价值。     

复合式环模生物质燃料颗粒成型机的研究

在对成型机类型、成型机理研究的基础上,设计了一款复合式环模生物质燃料颗粒成型机。对成型机工作原理、环模与压辊设计、颗粒成型过程进行了阐述,摸索复合式环模生物质成型机的构造与设计方向,对完善同类设备性能、利用生物质能源提供技术支持与参考。     

生物质燃料压缩成型技术的研究

介绍生物质燃料压缩成型原理和压缩成型工艺,论述了生物质燃料压缩成型技术的研究意义,综述了国内外研究现状,对常见的几种压缩工艺进行了探讨,最后总结了生物质燃料压缩成型技术的发展前景。     

生物质气化耦合发电给料系统优化设计及应用

针对生物质气化耦合发电给料系统普遍存在容易堵塞、启动困难、密封不严、容易回火爆燃的技术难题,优化设计了生物质给料螺距、螺旋布置方式、原料仓结构,改进后的技术工艺在湖北华电襄阳发电有限公司进行了应用。实践应用结果表明,改进后的生物质给料系统能够适用秸秆、木片、玉米芯等多样性生物质原料,生物质原料不需要成型压块,不仅解决了生物质给料连续性、稳定性及安全性问题,而且节约了原料成本。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.