基于镜面反射的手眼标定方法

针对Eye-on-Hand机器人手眼系统的标定问题,提出一种基于镜面反射的手眼标定方法。通过镜面反射获取图像,根据镜像原理,通过线性求解算法确定机器人末端执行器和相机坐标系的位姿关系。与以往的标定方法不同,该方法只需要3次改变平面镜的姿态,就能同时获得相机的内参数和手眼视觉系统的位姿关系,不会引入传统标定方法中利用机器人运动参数而产生的机器人运动误差。最后将其与Halcon手眼标定算法进行对比,验证了所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

基于固定视点的视觉标定算法研究

针对在固定视点中机器视觉标定过程复杂、效率低、标定精度不高的问题,对目前普遍应用的摄像机标定和手眼标定算法进行了研究,提出了可一次性完成固定视点的视觉标定算法。利用实验室的MOTOMAN-UP6工业机器人对该标定算法进行了验证,首先由机器人末端夹持一个棋盘格完成一系列的运动,每次运动结束时摄像机拍摄一幅棋盘格图像,并记录下机器人末端的位姿,等所有运动完成后,采用张正友标定算法对摄像机进行标定,接着采用基于最小二乘法的标定算法对摄像机与基座关系进行简便高效的标定。研究结果表明:该算法标定过程简单、求解速度快并且结果精度高,具有很强的实用性。     

双机器人系统的快速手眼标定方法

针对双机器人仿真测量系统的手眼标定问题,提出一种由机器视觉求解法兰盘位姿得出手眼关系的方法.将目标机器人运动到合适的位姿,由视觉机器人拍摄其法兰盘图像,提取图像中法兰盘的椭圆轮廓,解算摄像机坐标系下的法兰盘姿态和圆心坐标,并由销孔位置约束得出摄像机与目标法兰盘坐标系的转换关系H1.然后由控制器读数得出两台机器人各自法兰...     

基于无标定的机器人平面运动物体跟踪伺服系统研究

在未标定摄像机模型和机器人手眼关系的情况下,针对"眼在手"型机器人视觉伺服系统,采用基于位置的控制方法,提出了一种简易实用的无标定算法,采用PD控制实现了平面运动物体的跟踪,通过仿真和试验验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

机器人柔性视觉测量系统标定方法的改进

提出一种改进的柔性视觉测量系统标定方法。建立了包含手眼关系误差与机器人运动学参数误差的系统误差模型。在机器人末端安装结构光传感器构建了机器人柔性视觉测量系统,并在机器人工作空间中固定一个标准球作为标定参考物。标定时,机器人被控制在不同位姿下测量球心坐标。首先,应用机器人的理论模型初步标定手眼关系;然后,基于球心约束,通过迭代算法同时得到准确的手眼关系和实际的机器人运动学参数。基于ABB IRB2400工业机器人进行了系统标定实验,并利用激光跟踪仪进行精度验证。结果表明:标定前后机器人柔性视觉测量系统的距离测量标准差由0.566mm降低到0.173mm,充分验证了改进方法的有效性和实用性。该方法提高了手眼关系的精度;不需要采用任何昂贵的外部设备,适合工业现场使用。     

微装配机器人手眼标定方法研究

在视觉反馈的机器人控制中,手眼系统的标定非常重要,直接影响机器人的作业精度.针对微装配机器人系统操作空间小的特点,提出了一种固定视觉的手眼系统标定算法,该方法通过3个空间点在机械手基坐标系中的坐标,采用P3P位姿测量原理获得相应空间点在摄像机坐标系中的坐标,建立了标定方程组,基于最小二乘法,标定出了手眼系统之间的转换矩阵.该方法无需复杂的辅助设备,标定过程简单.相关实验得到了待标定的手眼系统之间的转换矩阵,验证了该方法的标定精度和有效性.     

基于对偶四元数的机器人手眼标定算法研究

针对机器人手眼视觉系统中的手眼标定问题,对机械手末端执行器与摄像机之间的手眼转换关系进行了研究。对手眼标定问题中求解齐次矩阵的方法进行了归纳,建立了完整的基于运动位姿的视觉模型;利用改进对偶四元数方法分别求解了手眼齐次变换矩阵中的旋转矩阵和平移向量;为保证获得的平移向量是最优解,在求解平移向量过程中引入了无穷范数最小化,通过迭代求取了局部最优解的值;基于所考虑的求解最优,利用Matlab对平移向量算法进行了仿真研究,并将该算法标定结果与线性解耦估计算法和传统对偶四元数算法进行了比较。研究结果表明:该算法在标定精度、对噪声的鲁棒性、对运动位姿个数的敏感性和稳定性方面均优于其他两种算法,能满足手眼标定的精度要求。     

无标定摄像机手眼系统平移下的目标深度估计

在基于图像的视觉伺服手眼系统中,往往需要通过估计获得目标的深度信息.为此,提出了通过控制装有摄像机的机械手进行纯平移运动,从获取图像序列特征点的变化来估计目标深度的新方法.首先利用四次纯平移运动,离线计算手眼关系的旋转矩阵;在线阶段,利用该旋转矩阵将机械手平移转换为摄像机平移,再结合平移前后图像极点不变的特性,实现目标深度实时估计.与以往方法不同,新方法无需进行摄像机参数标定,并对图像匹配噪声和手眼系统运动误差具有一定的鲁棒性.     

基于HALCON的机器人视觉标定

基于HALCON平面标定板,充分考虑机器人末端中心和摄像机镜头径向畸变的影响,设计了一种新的Eye-to-Hand机器人视觉标定方法。该方法不仅标定了摄像机的内外参数,同时也建立了摄像机图像坐标系和机器人世界坐标系的关系。实验证明,该方法具有较高的标定精度和实用性,适用于工业机器人的视觉系统标定。     

基于消影点的机器人视觉测量系统标定方法

本文提出了基于消影点的机器人视觉测量系统标定方法。首先,利用激光跟踪仪对机器人连杆扭角进行标定;然后通过靶平面上直线与靶平面的消影线,确定摄像机的姿态;再根据世界坐标系相对机器人基坐标系不变的约束,求解机器人与摄像机的旋转矩阵;最后利用距离约束对手眼关系的位移量以及机器人连杆长度及连杆距离误差进行优化求解。经过标定,机器人视觉测量系统测量精度提高了10倍。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.