Genomic Study of the Absorption Mechanism of p‐Coumaric Acid and Caffeic Acid of Extract of Ananas Comosus L. Leaves

Cardiac disease has emerged as the leading cause of death worldwide, and food rich in phenolic acids has drawn much attention as sources of active substances of hypolipidemic drug. Ananas comosus L. (pineapple) is one of the most popular tropical and subtropical fruits. Isolated from pineapple leaves, EAL(Extract of Ananas Comosus L. Leaves) is rich in phenolic acids, such as p‐coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and other phenolics, highly relevant to the putative cardiovascular‐protective effects, which suggests its potential to be a new plant medicine for treatment of cardiac disease, but little is known about absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of EAL in animals or human beings. In this study, we employed cDNA microarray, Caco‐2 cell lines, and rat intestinal model to explore the absorption behavior of p‐coumaric acid and caffeic acid in EAL. The permeation of 2 substances was concentration and time dependent. Results also indicated that monocarboxylic acid transporter was involved in the transepithelial transport of p‐coumaric acid and caffeic acid.     

Effects of garlic oil on milk fatty acid profile and lipogenesis‐related gene expression in mammary gland of dairy goats

BACKGROUND: Garlic oil (GO) has blood lipid‐lowering effects. Milk fatty acid (FA) originates partly from plasma, and can be affected by the mammary lipogenesis. This study aimed to investigate GO effects on milk FA profile and mammary lipogenesis‐related gene expression. Early‐lactation goats were randomly allocated to four treatments with six goats each, and offered corn silage ad libitum and fixed amount of 0.79 kg day^?1 dry matter (DM) concentrate mixed with GO (0, 0.57, 1.14, 1.71 g kg^?1 DM) for 30 days consisting of 26‐day adaptation. RESULTS: Intake of corn silage reduced (P≤0.05) as GO level increased in the concentrate. Lipase activity and lactose content linearly increased, while non‐esterified FA concentration quadratically decreased with increasing GO level (P≤0.05). The proportions of short‐ and medium‐chain (C14:0, C15:0 and C16:0) and saturated FA decreased, whereas C18, cis9 trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11 CLA), t10c12 CLA, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, and some ≥ C20 FA proportions increased in a linear manner with increasing GO level (P≤0.05). The mRNA abundance of genes remained unchanged (P > 0.1) as GO level increased. CONCLUSION: Garlic oil altered milk FA profile and these effects may not be related to the mammary lipogenesis‐related genes expression. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry