Characterisation of reused osmotic solution as ingredient in new product formulation

Osmotic dehydration (OD) with sugar solutions has been used in fruit preservation but part of the process's economic viability depends on the possibility of reusing the osmotic solution (OS) in successive dehydration cycles. Despite the increase in water content, OD promotes OS enrichment in certain water-soluble natural components extracted from fruits, such as vitamins and minerals. For this reason, to recycle it for new food formulation seems to be an attractive alternative. In this paper, changes in soluble solids, a_w, pH, electrical conductivity, density, viscosity and colour in osmotic solution used for kiwifruit dehydration in function of the ratio osmotic solution/fruit (20:1, 10:1 and 5:1) and the number of cycles (up to 10) have been studied. Microbiological analysis of OS and fruit compositional changes were also studied. The results show that during OD likewise water interchange between fruit and OS, a flow of mineral salts and sugar from the fruit to the OS, is produced. Nevertheless OS changes associated to the OD of kiwifruit under the conditions of this study allow OS reuse for at least 10 cycles without any problems related to fruit dehydration level, colour fruit changes, or considerable microbiological contamination.     

酶制剂在面制品中的应用

酶制剂作为品质改良剂在面制品中得到了较为广泛的应用,主要探讨了现近在面制品中比较常用的几种酶制剂的主要功能,并展望了酶制剂在面制品品质改良方面的应用前景。     

Significance of osmotic temperature treatment and storage time on physical and chemical properties of a strawberry-gel product

BACKGROUND: The development of fruit‐based foods that maintain the nutritional and sensory properties of fresh fruit may help to stimulate fruit consumption by consumers. The possibility of formulating a fruit‐gel product with osmodehydrated fruit and the reused osmotic solution (OS) obtained from the dehydration step has been demonstrated. However, the conditions of the osmotic process can significantly affect the properties of the obtained product. In this work an osmotic process at 22 °C for 6 h and at 30 °C for 3 h was employed to formulate a strawberry‐gel product. RESULTS: Significant losses of ascorbic and citric acids and anthocyanins were observed and some relevant volatile compounds of the strawberry aroma profile were developed during the osmotic process. Changes in all analysed parameters occurred mainly during the first 2 days of storage. The flux of anthocyanins from the fruit to the gel gave an attractive appearance to the formulated product. These changes were more marked for samples obtained at 30 °C. CONCLUSION: Osmotic treatment at 30 °C was more suitable for formulation of the product, because the presence of nutritional/functional compounds in the OS, and consequently in the gel matrix, was higher and the aroma and colour were more stable and homogeneous during storage. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of osmotic dehydration on the drying kinetics and quality of cashew apple

The effect of different osmotic pretreatments on cashew apple drying kinetics and product quality were investigated. The osmotic pretreatment was carried out in an incubator at constant temperature and agitation. The drying process was conducted in a fixed bed dryer at different temperatures and constant air velocity. Experimental data were fitted successfully using the Page and the two‐term exponential models for dried fresh and pretreated fruit, respectively. It was found that drying rates of osmosed fruits decreased owing to the presence of infused solutes. Evaluation of the final product was performed by means of ascorbic acid content, water activity and sensorial test. The osmotic pretreated samples showed the highest vitamin C losses and the lowest water activity. The samples pretreated in sucrose solution had the highest acceptance.     

复合调味酱产品标准制订的探讨

对市场销售的复合调味酱的产品质量进行分析,提出了产品质量改进的措施并根据检验数据和实践经验研制了复合调味酱产品质量标准。     

德阳市场肉制品质量调查

分析肉制品的质量状况,为生产企业找出改进方向,提高肉制品的质量,提高产品合格率。选择有代表性的肉制品采样,依据有关标准进行检验分析。在总共51份肉制品样品中,总合格率为76.47%。在不合格的指标中,水分占33.33%,酸价占25.00%,亚硝酸盐残留占16.67%,细菌总数、蛋白质和过氧化值各占8.33%。     

酱菜生产中全程质量监测管理系统的建立

探讨了半成品检验与建立全程质量检测管理系统在酱菜生产中的应用。找出了酱菜生产中影响产品质量的关键点，进一步提高了酱菜的质量。     

改进还原靛蓝产品质量的实践

运用卓越绩效管理模式改进还原靛蓝产品质量。通过质量管理7大工具的灵活应用,解决了回收碱应用于靛蓝生产的质量问题;并同步解决了靛蓝中4%的杂质在应用过程中的质量问题。     

不同渗透条件对琯溪蜜柚品质的影响

以琯溪蜜柚为原料,采用正交实验设计,研究不同渗透液含糖量（55%、60%、65%）,不同渗透温度（50、55、60℃）,不同料液比（1∶6、1∶8、1∶10）对蜜柚品质的影响。测定的指标包括失水率、抗坏血酸保存率、还原糖保存率、蔗糖增加率和总酸保存率。由多指标综合评分法得出的结果表明：渗透液含糖量65%,渗透温度60℃,料液比1∶10为最佳渗透脱水条件。不同渗透条件对蜜柚各营养指标均有影响,且呈现不同的影响效果。     

The quality of orange juice processed by coupling crossflow microfiltration and osmotic evaporation

Crossflow microfiltration (CFM) and osmotic evaporation (OE) were implemented on a semi‐industrial pilot scale to obtain clarified orange juice concentrates at 450 and 620 g kg^?1 of total soluble solids. The characteristics of the juice were then assessed and compared with fresh juice and commercial concentrates. With CFM, most aroma compounds and vitamin C remained in the permeate while the more apolar compounds such as terpenic hydrocarbons and carotenoids were strongly retained by the membrane. With OE, significant losses of vitamin C and aroma compounds occurred at first, with losses progressively decreasing during treatment. Pre‐conditioning the membrane and cold regeneration of the brine reduced losses drastically, with the aroma composition tending towards that of the initial juice. The quality of pulp, a blend of the CFM retentate and OE concentrate, was high and much closer to that of the initial fresh juice than to the commercial thermal concentrate.     

酿造酱油中原料配比对种曲质量与成品质量的影响

本文探讨了在酿造酱油中，原料不同配比的选择，通过对比试验，从种曲质量和成品质量方面得出酿造酱油原料的最佳配比。     

农产品品质评价体系的构建

随着社会进步和生活水平的提高,消费者对农产品的消费需求从“量”转变为“质”,即从追求“吃得饱”转向“吃得好”,希望获得优质的农产品。如何评价农产品是否优质成为新时代农业行业的重要任务。农产品品质评价过程包括品质指标的确定和评价方法的选择以及在此基础上建立的评价体系。农产品品质评价指标的确定要根据研究主体的特点,结合消费偏好、文献调研等进行评价。本文结合文献和工作经验就方差分析、相关性分析、回归分析、聚类分析、因子分析和主成分分析、判别分析等在品质评价过程中如何应用及注意事项做了详细描述。对完善农产品品质评价体系的构建提出了3点建议:制修订相关评价标准、采用多种科学合理的数理统计方法进行综合评价和基于评价模型开发实用软件,对农产品统一标准进行评价。最后针对代谢组学技术在农产品品质挖掘方面的应用对农产品品质评价工作提出了展望,以期为农产品品质评价提供方法和思路的借鉴和参考。     

蜂蜜在烘干鸡大胸块产品中的应用

主要研究了蜂蜜在烘干鸡大胸块产品中的添加量,通过试验,筛选出最佳的添加量。在工艺参数不变的情况下,蜂蜜添加量为0．02％时,产品的感官较好。     

Process audits versus product quality monitoring of bulk milk

Assessment of milk quality is based on bulk milk testing and farm certification on process quality audits. It is unknown to what extent dairy farm audits improve milk quality. A statistical analysis was conducted to quantify possible associations between bulk milk testing and dairy farm audits. The analysis comprised 64.373 audit outcomes on 26,953 dairy farms, which were merged with all conducted laboratory tests of bulk milk samples 12 mo before the audit. Each farm audit record included 271 binary checklist items and 52 attention point variables (given to farmers if serious deviations were observed), both indicating possible deviations from the desired farm situation. Test results included somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), antimicrobial drug residues (ADR), level of butyric acid spores (BAB), freezing point depression (FPD), level of free fatty acid (FFA), and milk sediment (SED). Results show that numerous audit variables were related to bulk milk test results, although the goodness of fit of the models was generally low. Cow hygiene, clean cubicles, hygiene of milking parlor, and utility room were positively correlated with superior product quality, mainly with respect to SCC, TBC, BAB, FPD, FFA, and SED. Animal health or veterinary drugs management (i.e., drug treatment recording, marking of treated animals, and storage of veterinary drugs) related to SCC, FPD, FFA, and SED. The availability of drinking water was related to TBC, BAB, FFA, and SED, whereas maintenance of the milking equipment was related mainly to SCC, FPD, and FFA. In summary, bulk milk quality and farm audit outcomes are, to some degree, associated: if dairy farms are assessed negatively on specific audit aspects, the bulk milk quality is more likely to be inferior. However, the proportion of the total variance in milk test results explained by audits ranged between 4 and 13% (depending on the specific bulk milk test), showing that auditing dairy farms provides additional information but has a limited association with the outcome of a product quality control program. This study suggests that farm audits could be streamlined to include only relevant checklist items and that bulk milk quality monitoring could be used as a basis of selecting farms for more or less frequent audits.     

电烤箱烤制新疆馕制品配方研究

以新疆馕饼为研究对象,从传统的制馕工艺中取其精华,采用电烤设备替代碳火烤制,改善馕饼的生产方式。在馕饼配方研究中,选取配方中主要的四个因素:水、油、酵母和盐,进行单因素和正交实验,对其进行筛选和优化。结果显示,馕饼优化的配方为:水55%,油10%,酵母0.5%和盐1%,产品的感官评分为19.2分,品质良好。     

The source and market development of a premium product - Beef from the Argentine Pampas

The two main features of beef from the Argentine Pampas are its quality and geographical origin. In addition to the normal aspects of meat quality detected by sensory panels or measured by scientific instruments, the quality of Pampean beef includes the powerful symbolic quality of pampas life - the immensity of the green grasslands and the culture of the gaucho, living on horseback or sipping mate while making an asado (barbecue). This review defines the qualities and geographical origin of Pampean beef, and explains their interrelationships in terms of animal breed, nutrition and production systems. The objective is to help secure Pampean beef against unfair encroachment from competing products which lack the true authenticity of beef from the Argentine Pampas.     

基于HACCP的软胶囊生产过程质量控制

目的建立软胶囊生产过程质量控制的系统性方法。方法运用HACCP原理对软胶囊生产过程进行危害分析,并在危害分析的基础上,考虑体系要求、法规要求和顾客的需求,从人、机、料、法、环各方面进行质量风险分析。结果制定出详尽的软胶囊产品的过程质量控制计划,利用此控制计划可系统控制软胶囊生产过程可能的质量风险。结论基于HACCP的过程质量控制计划使软胶囊生产过程的质量控制标准化、系统化,有助于提升经济效益。