铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化热物理模拟

针对铝合金电阻点焊过程中出现的电极烧损及使用寿命短的问题,采用物理热模拟的方法,从点焊电极端面铜铝合金化的组织、成分和性能等方面进行了铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化反应的行为和条件研究。研究结果表明:电极端面与工件接触界面发生铜铝合金化反应是铝合金点焊电极烧损的主要原因;铝试样端面生成了C u Al4和C u Al2,铜试样端面主要是C u Al2和少量的C u9Al4,且铜铝扩散层的硬度高于铜基体和铝基体。     

铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化机理研究

针对铝合金电阻点焊过程中出现的电极烧损及使用寿命短的问题,采用物理模拟的方法,从点焊电极端面铜铝合金化的宏观及微观形貌、成分等方面,进行了铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化反应的行为、铜铝金属间化的形成过程以及铜铝合金化机理等研究。结果表明:电极端面与工件接触界面发生铜铝合金化反应是铝合金点焊电极烧损的主要原因;同时发现,温度和时间是影响铜铝合金化反应的两个重要因素,且铝合金高温点焊时,电极端面反应生成了共晶合金(Al+Cu Al2),而Cu Al2相和铜基体扩散,将形成硬而脆的金属间化合物Cu9Al4和Cu Al4。     

RE对铝合金表面氧化膜保护效果的影响

采用减压凝固试验法，研究了RE对A356铝合金熔体氢含量的影响规律。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜等分析了RE对A356铝合金表面氧化膜成分及形貌的影响。结果表明，A356合金中加入一定量的RE后，熔体氢含量显著降低。加入RE后，表面氧化膜出现大量RE氧化物和铝氧化物形成的LaAl11O18的复合氧化物，这种复合氧化物使铝合金表面氧化膜更加致密。扫描电镜分析表明，不加RE的氧化膜表面凹凸不平，有明显开裂后愈合的痕迹，而添加RE后，表面比较平整，致密度显著增加，几乎没有看到开裂的现象，这大大减少了新鲜的铝液暴薅在空气中的几率，降低了熔体中的氢含量。     

表面阳极化对铝合金点焊的影响

本文采用合适的点焊工艺参数分别对两组点焊试片进行点焊试验。A组为阳极化的铝合金LD10和铝合金LF6点焊;B组为铝合金LD10和铝合金LF6点焊,焊后观察表面形貌以及显微组织,结果表明：当铝合金表面采用阳极化处理点焊时,焊点表面易形成飞溅且内部存在缺陷;显微组织观察发现焊点析出了一种增加焊点硬度和接触电阻率的第二相共晶物,这种共晶物是造成点焊表面飞溅的根本原因;因此,要获得良好的接头性能及表面形貌,必须对焊点表面进行彻底的打磨处理,去除阳极化层。     

深冷处理对铝合金点焊电极烧损的影响

为研究深冷处理对铝合金点焊电极烧损的影响，采用深冷处理和未深冷处理两种铝合金点焊电极进行了点焊工艺试验，观测了两种电极端面宏观形貌和焊点表面宏观形貌。测试了达到未深冷处理电极寿命焊点数时两种电极端面的显微硬度。采用X射线衍射方法对达到未深冷处理电极寿命焊点数时的两种电极端面进行了分析。研究结果表明：在点焊工艺试验过程中，在一定的焊点数条件下，深冷处理电极端面和所焊焊点表面比较光亮、圆整；电极端面的显微硬度较低，并且分布均匀；电极端面未发现烧损后的产物，深冷处理使电极烧损程度显著降低。     

电压对6061铝合金表面微弧氧化膜形成的影响

采用微弧氧化法在6061铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜,研究氧化电压对微弧氧化正负向电流、膜层厚度和生长率的影响。结果表明,正向和负向电压分别为460 V和130 V时,正负向电流波动明显,膜层均匀,厚度为118μm,膜的生长率为3.93μm/min,膜层由疏松层和致密层组成,致密层所占比例约为95%。     

铝合金型材表面氧化膜对焊接接头性能及气孔率的影响

分别研究了不同环境湿度条件下,铝合金型材表面氧化膜对MIG焊接接头性能及气孔率的影响。试验结果表明,在湿度较低时(相对湿度5%～10%),刮削去除氧化膜与不处理氧化膜两种情况下的焊缝均成形良好、探伤无气孔,二者金相组织及拉伸性能区别不大;在湿度较高时(相对湿度40% ～50%),刮削去除氧化膜与不处理氧化膜两种状态焊缝成形依然良好,但不处理氧化膜的焊缝有气孔产生,焊接热输入的增加可降低气孔率,对于6005A-T6高速列车车体型材,当热输入达到4 400 J/cm时,焊缝该类气孔消失,但热输入的提高会使得焊缝的抗拉强度降低约14%。

     

添加剂对LY12铸铝合金交流氧化膜性能的影响

采用交流氧化技术,通过对膜层厚度、耐蚀性、硬度等指标的测定及外观观察,讨论了多种有机和无机添加剂对LY12铸铝合金的氧化膜性能的影响。结果表明,适当的无机盐与有机酸以及醇类物质可显著改善LY12铝合金交流氧化膜的性能;对于直流法难以氧化的LY12铝合金,交流氧化膜的硬度达到了430Hv。     

铝合金氧化膜阻抗谱图的研究

本实验分别测定了由硫酸氧化法制备的铝合金氧化膜封闭前后在K_2SO_4溶液中的交流阻抗谱(Bode图),由阻抗谱分析获得了有关阻挡层的几何尺寸、阻挡层和多孔层以及封闭产物的电学性质、时效对氧化膜的影响等信息。这些结果与迄今为止的对氧化膜构造的认识是一致的,交流阻抗谱技术在氧化膜结构、封闭机理和质量的研究中,有理论和应用两方面的价值。     

Degradation mechanism of electrode tip during resistance spot welding of aluminium alloy sheets

Abstract

This study investigated the electrode life and the electrode degradation characteristics during continuous resistance spot welding of aluminium alloy sheets. When a long welding time and dome radius type electrode were used, the electrode life was extended more than that when a short welding time and radius type electrode are used. The electrode tip is considered to degrade by the following mechanism: an Al–Cu alloy layer is formed at the electrode tip during continuous welding, and then it peels off from the electrode tip transferring to the surface of aluminium alloy sheet. Its peeling makes the electrode tip indented and finally the electrode tip flattens with increasing diameter of electrode tip. In order to eliminate the direct contact between electrode and worksheet, a special Cu foil insert device for resistance spot welding of aluminium alloy sheets was developed and an extremely long electrode life was achieved.     

热镀锌钢板连续点焊时电极损耗对焊接质量的影响

镀锌钢板电阻点焊时由于锌层的影响电极损耗非常严重。以厚0.8mm家电用热镀纯锌钢板DX51D+Z为研究对象,探究在正交试验优化焊接参数后,热镀锌钢连续点焊时焊接接头质量变化的规律和电极损耗的特点。结果表明,当采用I=11 kA、P=2 500 N、T=13 cyc的点焊工艺参数组合可获得力学性能最佳的点焊接头;连续点焊试验初期(150点前)焊点力学强度稳定且焊点成形较好,焊接后期(150～300点)接头力学强度波动大,焊接状况不稳定;电极损耗至失效是接头质量急剧下降的主要原因,电极失效形式为头部塑性变形、端面坑蚀和Cu-Zn合金化,在本试验条件下,Cr-Zr-Cu电极焊至150点后显现不稳定现象,电极寿命约280点;失效电极端面的Cu-Zn合金层约65μm。     

微型点焊时电极表面熔敷TiC涂层对电极失效的影响

研究了表面处理对微型点焊镀镍钢板和镍板时电极失效的影响.结果表明:微型点焊镀镍钢板和镍板时电极的失效主要是电极头部的塑性变形以及电极和镀镍板之间局部焊接的断裂发生在电极表面而导致的电极磨损;表面涂敷TiC的CuCrZr电极的寿命(1 200点)是CuCrZr电极寿命(600点)的两倍,表面处理能提高电极寿命的主要原因是表面涂敷的TiC颗粒能阻碍电极和镀镍板之间的局部焊接,以及减小电极表面的塑性变形.     

基于LabVIEW铝合金点焊电流和电极压力监控系统的研究

在监控铝合金电阻点焊焊接过程中,还没有一种传感器可以准确可靠地检测出熔核的成形质量.在点焊过程中压力信号被认为能够提供关于熔核成形最多的信息.利用LabVIEW语言开发了点焊监控系统,对电流信号及电极压力信号进行实时采集,可以有效地检测点焊熔核质量的变化.     

铝合金电阻点焊电极寿命及其烧损原因分析

针对铝合金电阻点焊存在电极烧损和寿命短等缺点,结合国内外相关工作的研究状况,从铝合金点焊电极端面存在的问题、铝合金点焊电极烧损及其影响因素、铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化等方面,分析总结了铝合金点焊电极烧损与寿命短的原因。结果表明:铝合金电阻点焊电极端面与工件界面铜铝合金化是电极烧损及寿命短的主要原因;而探索控制电极端面铜铝合金化反应的措施,是减弱电极烧损程度,提高铝合金电阻点焊电极寿命的重要途径。     

铝合金点焊在线监测数据库的构建

以所开发的铝合金点焊在线监测系统为基础,构建了在线监测数据库.数据库通过与基于LabVIEW开发环境的在线监测系统相连接,实现了焊点质量特征参数及焊点原始特征信息的实时记录与保存.数据库为用户提供了焊点信息及人员信息的多种查询、管理功能,实现了点焊生产的信息化管理,非常适合航空航天产品的生产管理及该厂的实际情况.数据库信息为在线监测系统提供参数优化数据源,通过均值控制图法实现对在线监测系统焊点质量判定临界阈值的优化.结果表明,数据库的参数优化功能使铝合金点焊在线监测系统达到了较高的判定精度,并已在航空航天产品的点焊生产中得到应用.     

点焊电极球面半径对熔核尺寸的影响

在影响点焊质量的诸多因素中,电极半径的作用不容忽视.利用ANSYS软件,建立1/2轴对称模型,在解决接触问题的基础上,对点焊过程进行数值模拟,定量研究了球形电极端面半径变化对低碳钢点焊熔核尺寸的影响,分别计算出采用不同电极球面半径点焊时的熔核尺寸,并通过实际施焊验证了模拟的准确性.结果表明,电极球面半径变化对熔核直径、工件焊透率有显著影响,而对热影响区外围空间尺寸影响不大,计算结果与试验结果误差在10%以内.     

Physical simulation of alloying between copper and aluminum on electrode tip for resistance spot welding of 5A02 aluminum alloy

The application of aluminum alloy in the automotive and aviation fields is impeded by the wear and life of electrode for resistance spot welding (RSW). The alloying interaction between the copper elect...     

Seal spot welding of steel and aluminium alloy by resistance spot welding: dissimilar metal joining of steel and aluminium alloy by Zn insertion

This research concerns a dissimilar metal joining of steel and aluminium (Al) alloys by means of zinc (Zn) insertion. The authors propose a joining concept for achieving strong bonded joints between Zn-coated steel and Al alloys. A eutectic reaction between Zn in the Zn coating and uniform Al–Fe intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the joint interface, leading to a strong bonded joint. The ultimate aim of this research was to apply this joining concept in the resistance spot welding process for manufacturing vehicle bodies. As a practical issue characteristic to joints of dissimilar metals, anticorrosion measures against electrochemical corrosion must be undertaken. If there is moisture near a joint interface of dissimilar metals, electrochemical erosion will progress. Therefore, a sealing function that could prevent moisture intrusion is required. By applying the above-mentioned welding process to a set of metals with thermosetting resin spread in between, we realized seal spot welding, which not only prevented moisture intrusion but also retained high tensile strength. In this research, first, a cyclic corrosion test was performed on the seal spot-welded joint of galvanized (GI) steel, a steel grade widely distributed in Japan, and Al alloy was bonded by seal spot welding, and the following topics are discussed. Complete removal of sealant from the joint interface is the key to realizing the high tensile stress joint, because remaining sealant will lead to reduction in tensile strength. Therefore, heat generation at the interface was monitored by measuring electrical current and potential difference between the two electrodes, and a precise temperature control was performed. Moreover, the bonding process was clarified by stepwise analysis of the joint interface using optical microscopy, and a guideline for producing strong joints was proposed. And finally, a TEM observation also confirmed that the interface structure of the seal spot-welded joint was the same as joints without the resin; a thin and uniform Al–Fe IMC layer was formed and a strong metallurgical bonding was achieved.     

Non-parametric effects on pore formation during resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy

The effects of faying surface condition, pre-existing pores in base material and cover plate on the pore formation during resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy were investigated. The results reveal that the hydrogen rejection and the pre-existing pores in base material have little effect on the pore formation, and that the larger pore formation is mainly caused by shrinkage strain during resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy.