基于改进型径向基函数神经网络的功放线性化

提出了一种基于改进型径向基函数神经网络(MRBFNN)的数字预失真线性化模型,用于更为精确地矫正宽带射频功率放大器的动态非线性。该神经网络模型的输入层使用传统的延时抽头以补偿功放的线性记忆效应,同时对每个抽头进行级数展开用于补偿功放的非线性记忆效应,从而更好地抑制功放的动态非线性失真。文中使用WCDMA 三载波信号对一个460MHz 的Doherty 功率放大器进行数字预失真线性化实验。实验结果表明,与传统数字预失真线性化模型相比,基于改进型径向基神经网络的数字预失真线性化模型能更好地抑制宽带功放动态非线性引起的带外频谱再生,其三阶互调(IMD3)失真最多可以抑制23dB,大大提高了功放的线性度,验证了所提出的数字预失真线性化模型的有效性。     

一种基带预失真RF功率放大器线性化技术的模型仿真与实验

提出了一种基于相关函数计算的自适应环延迟补偿法,用于功率放大器的的数字式基带预失真线性化技术。对采用这种软件延时补偿方法的预失真系统特性进行了仿真,并采用通用的数字信号处理器在硬件上实现了一个功放预失真系统性化模型进行了仿真,并采用通用的数字信号处理器在硬件上实现了一个功放预失真线性化模型。仿真和实验结果表明,在功率放大器的基带预失真中采用方法可以获得至少２０ｄＢ的线性度改善。     

WCDMA系统中基于查找表的预失真技术的研究

在无线通信系统中,高功率放大器因其非线性,导致AM/PM效应使得微分相位、微分增益和互调失真变坏.高质量的通信系统设计应尽可能减小功率放大器的AM/PM效应.因此,针对宽带码分多址(WCDMA)功放的非线性失真问题,采用一种基于查找表(LUT)的自适应预失真方法,改善功放的非线性失真.仿真表明, 该方法能有效补偿放大器产生的AM-AM、AM-PM失真,并将功放的邻道功率泄漏比(ACPR)改善到30 dB左右.     

WCDMA系统中基于查找表的预失真技术的研究

在无线通信系统中,高功率放大器因其非线性,导致AM／PM效应使得微分相位、微分增益和互调失真变坏。高质量的通信系统设计应尽可能减小功率放大器的AM／PM效应。因此,针对宽带码分多址（WCDMA）功放非线性失真问题,采用一种基于查找表（LUT）的自适应预失真方法,改善功放的非线性失真。仿真表明．该方法能有效补偿放大器产生的AM—AM、AM-PM失真,并将功放的邻道功率泄漏比（ACPR）改善到30dB左右。     

OFDM系统中的一种自适应预失真器

对OFDM传输系统中大功率放大器非线性失真的数字自适应预失真技术进行了研究。利用有理双线性函数的非线性能较好地逼近大功率放大器的AM AM或AM PM非线性特性及其逆变换易于求解的特性 ,提出了一种新的数字自适应预失真方法 ,它是对估计器的输入幅度进行均匀量化 ,用一个估计器对大功率放大器的非线性特性进行估计 ,通过训练估计器的参数去调节预失真器的非线性参数 ,以达到预失真补偿的目的。与以前的方法比较 ,该方法用于正交频分复用 (OFDM )系统中具有收敛速度快、系统性能稳定、补偿效果好等特点     

基于增强型LSTM神经网络的5G射频功放线性化

本文提出了一种基于增强型LSTM神经网络(A-LSTM)的数字预失真线性化模型,以更好的补偿5G宽带射频功放的动态非线性特性。模型的输入层在引入延迟抽头模拟功放线性记忆效应的基础上,对每一个延迟抽头进行非线性级数展开用于补偿功放的非线性记忆效应,从而更好地抑制功放的动态非线性失真导致的带内失真以及带外频谱扩展等问题。为验证模型的有效性,本文采用100MHz的5GNR信号作为测试信号,对一个中心频率为2.6GHz的5G射频功放进行数字预失真线性化实验。实验结果表明,基于增强型LSTM神经网络数字预失真器的带外抑制可达16dB,相比于其他几种预失真器展现出更好的线性化效果,验证了基于增强型LSTM神经网络数字预失真器的有效性。     

基于自适应遗传算法多项式预失真技术研究

提出了一种基于自适应遗传算法的多项式预失真补偿方法,该方法的基本原理是利用模拟进化类算法对目标函数进行逼近,对待求解参数进行辨识,进而得到多项式预失真模型。该算法具有良好的收敛性、全局性和鲁棒性,且具有较高的计算效率,为解决数字预失真自适应算法提供了一个新的参考。同时将自适应遗传算法应用于功放线性化设计中并进行了仿真。仿真分析表明,采用模拟进化类的遗传算法对功放失真抑制效果明显。     

基于模糊神经网络的自适应预失真功放

在无线通信中,高数据传输率的数字无线系统要求用频谱有效的线性调制方法,但是这些调制方法对功放的非线性又很敏感,会产生频谱扩展、邻近信道干扰和误码率(BER)特性的恶化。本文提出用模糊神经网络(FNN)的算法来实现功放的自适应预失真,以补偿功放的非线性,并仿真了模糊神经网络对功放非线性的补偿以及对误码率特性的改进。结果表明,此方法实现的预失真器具有良好的自适应性和鲁棒性,不需要从一大堆原始数据中进行费时的训练,而可以充分地利用己有的知识和经验;而且,在学习的过程中,采用变结构的神经网络,先粗后细、分组学习,更大大缩短了学习的时间。     

一种级联两箱通用数字预失真器及其辨识算法

提出了一种由单形规范线性分段(SCPWL)函数与记忆多项式级联的数字预失真器,并给出了复数域两步最小二乘参数辨识算法。不同于以往一种预失真器适用一种功放模型的情况,所提的预失真算法利用SCPWL函数的分段特性以及记忆多项式的非线性记忆特性,在完成参数辨识的同时自动地调整结构,可适用于传统以及强非线性新型功放模型的线性化补偿。将所提预失真器分别应用于传统记忆多项式、两箱模型以及新型包络跟踪功放。经过计算机仿真,功放输出的幅频特性和频谱曲线表明所提预失真器能够有效地补偿多种功放的非线性特性。算法仿真比较结果也表明,针对包络跟踪功放,所提复数两步最小二乘算法的邻道泄漏比(ACLR)可改善约35 dB,性能优于最小均方(LMS)类算法约30 dB。     

基于二次样条函数的功放数字预失真算法

功放的非线性特性极易产生频谱扩展,这种扩展会对临近信道产生干扰。现在基于样条的预失真算法几乎都使用的三次样条,也就是样条的多项式函数阶数最多只有三次。文章提出了一种新的基于二次样条的功放数字预失真算法。二次样条函数的平滑特性可以很好地逼近功放的非线性模型,有效克服功放非线性效应对频谱产生的影响。仿真和实现的结果表明,这种新的算法性能既优于传统的基于最小均方的数字预失真算法,也优于现在一般的三次样条预失真算法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks