多氨基多醚基亚甲基膦酸的合成及性能研究

以聚醚胺D-230、亚磷酸和甲醛为原料合成了多氨基多醚基亚甲基膦酸(PAPEMP).用静态阻垢法评价了产品的阻垢和分散性能.结果表明:在Ca2+、HCO3-质量浓度分别为4 000、300 mg/L(以 CaCO3计)时,PAPEMP的阻垢率可以达到95%以上,阻磷酸钙率可达到93%以上,并具有优良的稳定锌盐和分散氧化铁的能力.     

高效减水剂用对氨基苯磺酸-三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂的合成

以对氨基苯磺酸(PAS)、三聚氰胺(M)和甲醛(F)为原料,采用三步合成反应工艺合成了对氨基苯磺酸-三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(PASMF)。研究结果表明:按照n(M)∶n(PAS)∶n(F)=1∶1.4∶5配比,设置羟甲基化阶段的反应温度为70℃、反应时间为1.5 h和pH为8.5,酸性缩聚阶段的反应温度为80℃、反应时间为1 h和pH为6,碱性重整阶段的反应温度为75℃、反应时间为1 h和pH为8.5,合成的PASMF综合性能良好;当w(PASMF)=1.0%(相对于水泥质量而言)时,水泥具有较好的分散性,水泥净浆初始流动度达240 mm。     

新型多氨基聚醚的合成研究

采用双金属催化剂催化环氧氯丙烷对高活性聚醚进行封端反应,得到邻氯醇聚醚,然后将邻氯醇聚醚与氨水反应得到目标产物多氨基聚醚.讨论了反应温度、原料氨水与氯甲基的摩尔比和反应时间对产物胺值的影响,并通过核磁共振结果证实了新型多氨基聚醚的生成.结果表明,反应温度为110℃、原料氨水与氯甲基的摩尔比为5:1、反应时间为6h时,得...     

磺化三聚氰胺-尿素-对氨基苯磺酸-甲醛树脂减水剂的合成

以三聚氰胺(M)、尿素(U)、对氨基苯磺酸(PAS)和甲醛(F)为主要原料,氨基磺酸(S)为磺化剂,采用四步法合成了SMUPASF(磺化三聚氰胺-尿素-对氨基苯磺酸-甲醛树脂)高效减水剂。系统探讨了合成工艺条件对SMUPASF分散性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:合成SMUPASF的最佳工艺条件是n(M)∶n(U)∶n(PAS)∶n(F)∶n(S)=1∶1∶1.0∶10∶1.2,羟甲基化阶段的反应温度为70℃、反应时间为1.5 h和p H=8.5,磺化阶段的反应温度为85℃、反应时间为2.5 h和p H=12.0,酸性缩聚阶段的反应温度为80℃、反应时间为1.5 h和p H=5.0,碱性重整阶段的反应温度为80℃、反应时间为1.0 h和p H=8.5;此时,SMUPASF的综合性能良好,当w(SMUPASF)=1.0%(相对于水泥质量而言)时,其分散性能较好,水泥净浆初始流动度(达235 mm)相对最大。     

低苯酚和甲醛残留氨基磺酸系高效减水剂合成工艺

研究了低苯酚和甲醛残留的氨基磺酸系高效减水剂(ASP)的合成工艺,通过IR和GPC研究了其结构、分子量及分布。结果表明:反应物配比、时间、pH值及温度等工艺参数影响产品的分散性能及残留苯酚和甲醛质量分数。氨基磺酸系高效减水剂的优化合成工艺条件为:n(对氨基苯磺酸钠)∶n(苯酚)∶n(甲醛)=(0.75—1.0)∶1∶(2.5—5.0),溶液pH值为8.5—11.4,反应时间2.0—3.5 h,反应温度为80—95℃。在此条件下合成的ASP中残留苯酚和甲醛质量分数远低于树脂类产品的国家标准。     

对氯苯酚封闭多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯

以对氯苯酚作为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)的封闭剂、二月桂酸二丁基锡和三乙胺作为复合催化剂,研究了催化剂、投料配比、加料方式、反应温度和反应时间等对封闭反应的影响。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法和核磁共振(NMR)法对-NCO含量的变化情况进行分析,并采用FT-IR法测定解封闭温度。结果表明:对氯苯酚封闭PAPI的适宜反应条件为n(-OH)/n(-NCO)=1.03、n(二月桂酸二丁基锡)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(对氯苯酚)=0.2∶0.2∶100、反应温度为40℃、PAPI溶液滴加到对氯苯酚溶液中的滴加时间为1 h以及反应时间为1 h;对氯苯酚封闭异氰酸酯的解封闭温度为87℃。     

氧化铝陶瓷料浆添加剂合成及性能研究

以对氨基苯磺酸、苯酚、甲醛为主要原料,合成了氨基磺酸系减水剂,研究了氨基磺酸系减水剂的合成工艺路线及原料配比、原料浓度、反应pH值、反应温度等因素对减水效果的影响,验证了优化工艺条件下聚合产物的重复性及扩大性,并用红外光谱对聚合产物的结构进行了分析与表征。优化的反应条件为:n(对氨基苯磺酸)∶n(苯酚)∶n(甲醛)=1∶2∶6、反应初始pH值为8、氨基苯磺酸的浓度为0.4 mol/L、反应温度为90~95℃时。     

乙酰基封端烯丙醇聚醚的合成

以乙酸酐为封端剂,合成乙酰基封端烯丙醇聚醚,考察了乙酸酐和烯丙醇聚醚的物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对封端反应的影响。优化了反应条件:n(乙酸酐)∶n(烯丙醇聚醚)=1.5∶1.0,120~125℃回流反应3 h。真空脱酸脱除过量的乙酸酐和生成的乙酸,最后使用庚烷共沸脱除微量的乙酸和乙酸酐。优化条件下,乙酰基封端烯丙醇聚醚的封端率达95%以上,双键保护率达90%以上,酸值小于0.1 mg KOH·g~(-1)。用红外光谱和凝胶色谱对反应产物进行了表征。     

多胺基多醚基亚甲基膦酸合成参数对阻垢性能的影响

以端氨基聚醚、亚磷酸、甲醛、浓盐酸等为原料,合成了多氨基多醚基亚甲基膦酸,测定了其阻垢性能。考察了原料配比、甲醛滴加时间、回流时间、甲醛用量对合成产物性能的影响,进行了正交试验,试验结果表明当甲醛滴加时间为45min,回流时间为3h,甲醛与D-230比为1∶5时多胺基多醚基亚甲基膦酸阻垢性能最大,20mg/L的阻垢剂阻垢性能可达98.39%。     

钛酸四丁酯催化合成丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯

以钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,以丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和二甲氨基乙醇(DMAE)为原料,通过酯交换反应合成了丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DA),研究了催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应时间对酯交换反应的影响.结果表明,在n(DMAE)∶n(MA)∶n[Ti(OBu)4]∶n[p-Ph(OH)2]=1∶3∶0.06∶0.01、反应时间为6 h、反应温度为85～110℃的优化条件下,DMAE转化率为92.8%、DA收率为84.8%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。