模具结构对AZ91镁合金挤压成形性能的影响

AZ91镁合金由于强度高、流动性好等特点,通常用作铸造合金。研究该合金合理的挤压温度、挤压速度及模具结构,对提高其塑性成形性能、开发高强度变形镁合金有重要的理论和实际意义。文章通过热模拟试验研究了AZ91镁合金应力应变关系,确定了最佳变形温度。在此基础上,采用三维有限元法模拟分析了不同挤压速度、模具结构对挤压过程温度场、速度场及应力场的影响。结果表明,采用锥模和流线模时,当定径带长度为15mm~20mm时,可在挤压速度达到5mm/s的条件下成形出表面光滑无裂纹的镁合金棒材;而采用平模挤压时,当定径带长度为10mm~20mm时,获得良好表面质量的挤压速度达到2.5mm/s。在650t的卧式挤压机上,进行了该合金的挤压实验,实验结果与模拟结果相吻合。     

连续挤压工艺生产AZ31镁合金板材的实验研究

本文利用连续挤压技术的单、双杆进料方法试验生产了尺寸为160mm×8mm, 170mm×4mm和160mm×3mm的AZ31镁合金板材。分析了单、双杆进料方式,不同宽厚比和不同挤压速度等条件对镁合金板材横截面微观组织及力学性能的影响。讨论了应用双杆进料连续挤压工艺生产AZ31镁合金宽薄板的工艺可行性。结果表明：与单杆进料相比,双杆进料方式的连续挤压AZ31镁合金板材横截面微观组织均匀性较好,板材平均抗拉强度可达到239MPa,平均延伸率为15%。宽厚比由20增加到53,可获得5μm细化晶粒的镁合金板材。随挤压轮转速提高,板材抗拉强度降低,是由于温度升高会导致晶粒尺寸变大。     

AZ31和AZ91镁合金等温挤压及挤压后的微观组织变化

通过等温挤压和金相观察,研究了AZ31和AZ91镁合金不同变形条件下的挤压性能和变形后的微观组织变化。结果表明,AZ31镁合金的挤压变形性能较好,而AZ91镁合金在挤压比为4∶1、挤压温度为400℃,以及在挤压比为9∶1、挤压温度为350℃和400℃时,挤压后的试件表面均出现了裂纹;AZ31镁合金的最佳成形温度为300℃～400℃,AZ91镁合金的最佳成形温度为300℃～350℃;镁合金在热挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶,挤压之后合金的晶粒显著细化。     

AZ31镁合金的等温挤压及其力学性能分析

等温挤压是镁合金材料的重要加工方法，它能改善制品的质量，提高制品的力学性能。研究了等温挤压AZ31镁合金材料的力学性能。结果表明：等温挤压显著地提高AZ31镁合金的强度、硬度，但当变形程度达到82％以上时，其强度不再增加，反而下降。材料的硬度有方向性。     

Effect of Hot Extrusion on Microstructures and Properties of TiB2/AZ31 Magnesium Based Composites

采用原位合成-半固态搅拌铸造法制备了TiB2/AZ31镁基复合材料,研究了热挤压对TiB2/AZ31镁基复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：热挤压不仅能显著细化合金组织,而且能有效改善TiB2颗粒分布的均匀性。与铸态AZ31镁合金相比,铸态TiB2/AZ31镁基复合材料的硬度、抗拉强度都有一定程度的提高。经过热挤压后,TiB2/AZ31镁基复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度分别比基体合金提高了126.2%和98.8%,达到950 MPa和322 MPa。磨损表面形貌显示,TiB2颗粒的引入以及对TiB2/AZ31镁基复合材料进行热挤压,都可有效地提高材料的耐磨性。     

挤压速度和电磁铸造锭坯对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能影响

文章研究挤压条件下挤压速度和电磁铸造锭坯对挤压态AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响。研究结果发现,挤压速度比较低时,板材晶粒尺寸小,板材的表面质量比较好;随着挤压速度的降低,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率都有一定的提高。由于镁合金是HCP的晶体结构,同时对挤压速度非常敏感,对变形均匀性影响比较大,因此造成挤压板材的内外晶粒大小不均。在电磁场的作用下,溶质在晶内的固溶度增大,同时晶粒大小也比常规铸造的细小,因此电磁铸造的锭坯经挤压机挤压后,挤压板材的晶粒尺寸比较细小,且强度和塑性都有所提高。     

Anticorrosive magnesium phosphate coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

A novel anticorrosive film with a thickness of approximately 50 μm was successfully coated on an AZ31 magnesium alloy by chemical and low-heat treatments (50 °C). The film was a single-phase system of newberyite (MgHPO₄•3H₂O) having an orthorhombic crystal structure. The corrosion current density of the newberyite film coated on the AZ31 magnesium alloy decreased by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to that of the AZ31 magnesium alloy. The static water contact angle of the newberyite film was less than 10°. The average value of the scratch critical load for the newberyite coating was estimated to be approximately 15 mN.     

Corrosion and mechanical properties of hot-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloys

AZ31 magnesium alloys were hot-extruded at 573 K and 623 K with extrusion ratio(λ) of 20,35 and 50.The corrosion and mechanical behavior of hot-extruded AZ31 were studied by galvanic tests and tensile tests.The microstructures of the studied AZ31 alloys were also investigated with optical microscope.The results show that,compared with the as-cast AZ31 alloy,the corrosion potentials of all hot-extruded AZ31 alloys are increased by 60 mV.Moreover,at the extrusion temperature of 623 K,the galvanic current o...     

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructures and mechanical properties of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium matrix composite

Particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposite prepared with semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration was subjected to extrusion at 350 °C with an extrusion ratio of 12:1. Extrusion of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite induced large scale dynamic recrystallization resulting in a fine matrix microstructure. There were two kinds of zones in the extruded nanocomposite: SiC nanoparticle bands parallel to the extrusion direction and refined-grain zones between the SiC nanoparticle bands. In the SiC nanoparticle bands, there were SiC nanoparticles along the boundaries of refined grains. The distribution of SiC nanoparticles was uniform although some agglomerates of SiC nanoparticles still existed in the SiC nanoparticle bands. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite were simultaneously improved by extrusion. Results from the extruded SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite tensile testing at different temperatures (75, 125, 175 and 225 °C) revealed an increase of the tensile strength and ductility values compared with the unreinforced and extruded AZ91 alloy.     

挤压高强度AZ91D镁合金管材的研究

针对挤压变形得到的高强度AZ91D合金管材进行了组织分析,探讨了其强化机制。实验得出,在温度为430℃、应变速率为0.033s-1、挤压比为12时AZ91D镁合金挤压管材(T6)的抗拉强度可达417.2MPa,远远高于压铸镁合金及AZ31等常用变形镁合金;除细晶强化外,第二相强化、亚晶界析出强化和堆垛结构强化为其主要强化机制。     

AZ31B变形镁合金压力成形

总结了AZ31B变形镁合金挤压、轧制和热冲压拉深的研究工作。AZ31B挤压板材无裂纹、无烧损,其组织呈晶粒细小的等轴晶;用分流挤压铝合金技术可生产挤压比不大于45,厚度不小于1 5mm的非薄壁镁合金管材;交叉轧制的镁合金薄板的A显著提高,Rp0.2和Rm明显下降;单向轧制时,则出现相反的结果。采用机械冲压法成功地热冲压出60mm×60mm×20mm的方形件,无裂纹现象。     

挤压比对热挤压AZ80镁合金管材组织和性能的影响

选用不同的挤压比对变形镁合金AZ80进行管材热挤压工艺试验研究,对挤压前后材料组织与力学性能的变化进行分析。结果表明,热挤压可以显著细化AZ80镁合金的晶粒,而且随着挤压比的增加,晶粒变得更加细小;增大挤压比也可以提高AZ80镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度。结果表明,挤压比为18.2,坯料温度为390℃,模具预热温度为360℃,凹模的半模角为60°～70°,可得到均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能。     

挤压前的时效处理对AZ80镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文主要研究了挤压前的时效处理工艺对AZ80镁合金显微组织的力学性能的影响,同时结合扫描电子显微镜对断口进行分析。结果表明：挤压前时效处理可以明显细化晶粒;时效过程中析出的Mg₁₇Al₁₂粒子弥散分布在晶界处,在动态再结晶过程中起到阻碍晶界移动、阻止晶粒长大、细化组织的作用;随着时效时间的延长或者时效温度的提高,晶粒细化效果减弱;时效后进行挤压,材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率均提高。通过对断口形貌的分析发现,早期裂纹产生于晶界处粗大的第二相周围,导致了拉伸过程中延伸率的下降。本文中挤压前时效处理对AZ80的强化效果为高性能镁合金的设计和开发提供了一种全新的思路。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium composites prepared by spark plasma sintering technology

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology was used to determine the appropriate conditions for SPS sintering of commercially pure magnesium as well as the magnesium alloy AZ31. It was found that the sintering temperatures of 585 °C and 552 °C were the most suitable sintering temperatures for the magnesium and the AZ31 alloy, respectively. Magnesium matrix and AZ31 alloy matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles were then successfully fabricated by the SPS method at sintering temperatures of 585 °C and 552 °C, respectively. A uniform distribution of SiC particles was observed along the boundary between matrix particles. The mechanical properties, i.e. hardness and tensile strength increased with increasing SiC content up to 10 wt%. However, when the SiC content was larger than 10 wt%, the tensile strength decreased due to the agglomeration of SiC particles. The agglomeration of SiC particles was found to lead to the degradation of the interfacial bonding strength between matrix and reinforcement.     

退火温度对大变形热轧AZ31镁合金板材力学性能的影响

采用热挤压态AZ31变形镁合金板坯,研究了退火温度对大变形热轧AZ31变形镁合金板材力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,变形镁合金板材的抗拉强度和屈服强度减小,伸长率呈线性增加趋势,硬度和杯突值均降低.变形镁合金板材的力学性能与其晶粒尺寸和组织均匀性密切相关.     

模具锥角对AZ31镁合金棒材热减径挤压的影响规律

模具锥角α是影响镁合金型材热减径挤压动态再结晶行为的重要参数之一,通过建立AZ31镁合金棒材热减径挤压工艺动态再结晶预测模型,并针对模拟结果进行了挤压实验,对模具锥角α的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明:晶粒尺寸沿径向由中心向表层逐渐细化,沿轴向呈带状分布;随模具锥角α的增大,型材表层金属晶粒尺寸细化程度不断加剧;当模具锥角α从50°过渡到90°时,挤压型材表层金属平均晶粒尺寸细化程度提升25%,实验与模拟结果吻合良好。     

Damage prediction for magnesium matrix composites formed by liquid-solid extrusion process based on finite element simulation

A damage prediction method based on FE simulation was proposed to predict the occurrence of hot shortness cracks and surface cracks in liquid-solid extrusion process. This method integrated the critical temperature criterion and Cockcroft &; Latham ductile damage model, which were used to predict the initiation of hot shortness cracks and surface cracks of products, respectively. A coupling simulation of deformation with heat transfer as well as ductile damage was carried out to investigate the effect of extrusion temperature and extrusion speed on the damage behavior of C_sf/AZ91D composites. It is concluded that the semisolid zone moves gradually toward deformation zone with the punch descending. The amplitude of the temperature rise at the exit of die from the initial billet temperature increases with the increase of extrusion speed during steady-state extrusion at a given punch displacement. In order to prevent the surface temperature of products beyond the incipient melting temperature of composites, the critical extrusion speed is decreased with the increase of extrusion temperature, otherwise the hot shortness cracks will occur. The maximum damage values increase with increasing extrusion speed or extrusion temperature. Theoretical results obtained by the Deform?-2D simulation agree well with the experiments.     

AZ31镁合金的热挤压变形和力学性能分析

为了掌握高精度镁合金管材的生产工艺,通过对铸锭的均匀化处理,借助500 t挤压机、拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和透射电镜(TEM)对AZ31镁合金管材的等温挤压过程进行了研究,试制了AZ31镁合金挤压薄壁管材,获得了尺寸精度高、粗糙度小和壁厚差小的管材;分析了不同挤压条件下的AZ31镁合金管材的尺寸精度、组织、力学性能.研究结果表明:在挤压温度为623士20K挤出管材经523K×3h退火时其性能较好,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为270 MPa,175 MPa和23.1%.     

Effect of extrusion processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded AZ31 sheets

The AZ31 sheets were prepared by extrusion.The effects of the extrusion processing parameters including the temperature extrusion ratio,and structure of the extrusion die on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-extruded AZ31 sheets were investigated.The results show that the partial grains grow abnormally.and the mechanical and anisotropic properties of the as-extruded AZ31 sheets have little change at the extrusion temperatures of 380-400℃and the extrusion ratio of 13.3.With the increa...     

轧前深冷处理对AZ31镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

本文通过对铸态AZ31镁合金经不同条件的深冷处理继而热轧,分析其强度、韧性、延展性效应及其规律。深冷实验条件分别为-60℃/12h、-120℃/12h、-180℃/12h、-60℃/2h和-180℃/2h。结果表明：AZ31经适宜的深冷处理,晶粒得到细化,强度、韧性及延展性得到有效提高;与未经深冷处理试样相比,深冷处理时间为2h的两种试样中都出现大量孪晶;经-60℃/12h深冷处理后再进行轧制试样的显微组织最为细小均匀,屈服强度提高了25.8%,而延伸率则更是提高了4倍,由3.06%提高到了12.31%;深冷处理后的AZ31镁合金断口呈现出脆性断裂和塑性断裂集合的复合性断裂特征。