Nonlinear observers for predicting state-of-charge and state-of-health of lead-acid batteries for hybrid-electric vehicles

This paper describes the application of state-estimation techniques for the real-time prediction of the state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) of lead-acid cells. Specifically, approaches based on the well-known Kalman Filter (KF) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), are presented, using a generic cell model, to provide correction for offset, drift, and long-term state divergence-an unfortunate feature of more traditional coulomb-counting techniques. The underlying dynamic behavior of each cell is modeled using two capacitors (bulk and surface) and three resistors (terminal, surface, and end), from which the SoC is determined from the voltage present on the bulk capacitor. Although the structure of the model has been previously reported for describing the characteristics of lithium-ion cells, here it is shown to also provide an alternative to commonly employed models of lead-acid cells when used in conjunction with a KF to estimate SoC and an EKF to predict state-of-health (SoH). Measurements using real-time road data are used to compare the performance of conventional integration-based methods for estimating SoC with those predicted from the presented state estimation schemes. Results show that the proposed methodologies are superior to more traditional techniques, with accuracy in determining the SoC within 2% being demonstrated. Moreover, by accounting for the nonlinearities present within the dynamic cell model, the application of an EKF is shown to provide verifiable indications of SoH of the cell pack.     

A new algorithm for power system state estimation

A new algorithm to estimate the state of a power system is presented. It completely overcomes the convergence problems associated with the WLS algorithm and has excellent convergence properties. It leads to an estimate which is very close to the true value of the state vector.     

基于北斗卫星的输电杆塔在线监测系统

为了实时了解采空区山体及输电杆塔现场姿态信息,防止由于输电杆塔倾斜、沉降、位移等因素引起的电力事故,设计一种STM32控制下基于北斗卫星的输电杆塔在线监测系统。利用北斗差分技术定位采空区山体及输电杆塔的地理位置信息,采用高精度的二维倾角传感器检测输电杆塔的姿态信息,然后通过GPRS网络将数据传输到监控中心,从而实现对采空区山体及输电杆塔的实时监测。根据实际运行测试验证,该系统性能稳定、实用性强,完全满足输电线路智能化、自动化和数字化管理的要求。     

A power quality online monitoring system oriented ZigBee routing optimization strategy

For ZigBee Cluster-Tree routing protocol in the power system applications existing not optimal routing and not real-time problems, the actual demand from on-line monitoring power quality of substation point of view, considering hops, link busy status and the residual energy, a ZigBee Cluster-Tree improved routing algorithm is proposed, calculating the hops of all neighbor nodes to the destination node and introducing an alternative node. Several NS2.34 simulation experiments show that the improved routing optimization algorithm reduces the number of hops and end to end delay, improves power quality monitoring in real time, saves overall network energy consumption, and prolongs the network life cycle.     

A new design of power supplies for pocket computer systems

A new design of power supply based on the idea of switched capacitors, as applied to pocket computer systems, is presented. This new type of power supply is inductorless and, consequently, suitable for hybridization and even monolithic integration. The new design is also based on distinguishing characteristics of pocket digital computer systems, in which a switched-capacitor converter can work well, since minimal regulation is required. The new device may enable the pocket computer system to be powered by only one battery, resulting in a simple topology. Two switched-capacitor converters, +12 V/-12 V, +5 V and +5 V/+12 V, -12 V, are shown, respectively, as an example for demonstrating the basic principle and its performance. PSPICE simulation and laboratory models show good results for this new type of power supply     

铅酸蓄电池在线监测自动化及其实现

铅酸蓄电池是我国应用时间最长、产量最多、应用范围最广的一种蓄电池,有着工作电压高、短时间内大电流放电、使用温度范围宽、成本低、运行可靠的优势,缺陷在于循环寿命较短,比能量低,主要应用在各类汽车、拖拉机的内燃机中。目前,免维护铅酸蓄电池是主要的发展方向,但是在生产方式方面还有待完善。因此,文章对其生产自动化改造进行研究,有着一定的理论意义和实践意义。     

阀控密封铅酸蓄电池的新技术新动态

阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池 (VRLA)自 2 0世纪 70年代投放市场以来 ,以其免维护、可以以任意方式摆放、无酸雾以及大电流放电性能优越等特点 ,很快赢得了用户的青睐 ,逐步成为蓄电池的主导产品。2 0年来阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池技术不断完善 ,不断提高 ,取得了长足的进展。本文介绍近年来VRLA领域出现的新型原材料和新颖的结构设计     

A new approach to intermittent charging of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in standby applications

For many years, intensive research has been undertaken to increase the life of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries. Overcharging results in excessive temperature in the battery, which degrades the chemical composition of the electrolyte. When the battery reaches the end-of-charge state, the energy being supplied to the battery is no longer consumed in the charge reaction and this additional energy is dissipated as heat within the battery. At this point, the oxygen cycle accelerates, which leads to temperature rise inside the battery. State-of-the-art control technology is required to control the charging of the battery and prevent the battery going into thermal runaway. This paper discusses the charging strategies for VRLA batteries in standby applications. Intermittent charging decreases the continuous overcharge which arises in the case of float charging. The charging regime used in intermittent charging must ensure the full recharge of the battery. This paper describes a new efficient method of charging batteries employing an intermittent charging technique called "Interrupted Charge Control." Laboratory tests and results are presented.     

密封容器漏水监测和无线报警系统

为解决密封容器漏水的实时监测问题,采用分区检测技术,将整个区域划分成若干个不同的区域,各分区之间独立检测、独立报警。实验测试中,当密封容器漏水时,检测电路迅速导通,启动无线发射模块。接收模块接收到信号,进行解码处理,将数据流输出到单片机,单片机通过内部程序对输入信号进行处理,启动蜂鸣器报警并在LCD液晶上显示漏水点的具体位置。实验测试结果表明所设计的漏水检测与无线报警系统能达到设计要求。     

动力型锂电池SOC与SOH协同估计

锂电池及其应用近年来逐渐成为研究热点。以提高电池管理系统(BMS)对电池荷电状态(SOC)和健康状态(SOH)的估算精确度为目标,在建立二阶Thevenin等效电路模型基础上提出一种能在线协同估算电池荷电状态和健康状态的改进扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。通过分阶段脉冲放电实验,并利用最小二乘法求得模型参数。在动态应力测试工况(DST)下借助Matlab对比分析了改进扩展卡尔曼算法在SOC和SOH估计精确度、错误初值时算法收敛性、算法复杂度等方面的性能。实验表明,利用该算法可以精确估计出各采样点处的SOC和SOH,误差低于1%;且在初值不准确情况下,运行算法可快速收敛至真值附近,算法估算结果的准确性与模型参数的微调无关,鲁棒性较好。     

电网调控运行安全风险在线监控系统设计

为了提升安全风险监控的准确性和全面性,设计了基于人工智能的电网调控运行安全风险在线监控系统.对配电线路监测终端内置网络状态监测模块,传输的异常数据信息,实行故障逻辑判断,并利用反向隔离装置,将故障判断结果传送给配电自动化通信前端,经正向隔离装置输送至监测装置外网组件,实现电网调控运行安全风险的监测和控制.实验结果显示:...     

A novel rapid charger for lead-acid batteries with energy recovery

A novel rapid charger for lead-acid batteries is proposed in this paper. The proposed charger uses a single-stage power converter with an energy recovery cell. While providing high charging efficiency and prolonging battery lifetime, the proposed charger exhibits a high power factor, simplicity, and lower cost. The operating principles and design criteria are analyzed and discussed in detail. Simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

智能电网环境下电能质量在线监测管理系统的研究与应用

文章先分析了电能质量在线监测管理系统设计,包括总体结构、功能模块、数据库、数字信号处理器、ARM控制器,随后介绍了试验分析,希望能给相关人士提供有效参考。     

分布式UPS蓄电池远程在线监测系统

针对UPS蓄电池性能监测需求的急迫性,提出一种蓄电池在线监测系统。监测蓄电池运行时的电压、内阻、内部温度、表面温度以及蓄电池组总电流等参数,通过GPRS无线网络上传至数据服务器;分析参数后,对蓄电池单体性能进行判断,找出数据偏离均值范围的蓄电池,预判性能下降的蓄电池。用户通过浏览器,在网页上随时了解每块蓄电池的状态,及时维修或更换不合格的蓄电池。测试结果表明,该系统能够完成所述功能,内阻测量精度达0.1 mΩ,其他参数测量精度也满足判定需求。     

一种新型嵌入式系统电源监控模块设计

介绍一种对嵌入式系统电源进行监控管理的应用方案,并给出此方案的具体硬件实现.选用新型的电源监控器件ADM1184,充分利用该器件高稳定性、宽精度范围等特点,实现嵌入式系统中对供电模块的实时监控和过压保护功能,为嵌入式系统的安全稳定运行提供可靠保证.     

一种新型嵌入式系统电源监控模块设计

介绍一种对嵌入式系统电源进行监控管理的应用方案,并给出此方案的具体硬件实现。选用新型的电源监控器件ADM1184,充分利用该器件高稳定性、宽精度范围等特点,实现嵌入式系统中对供电模块的实时监控和过压保护功能,为嵌入式系统的安全稳定运行提供可靠保证。     

面向采煤机械在线状态监测系统设计

随着无线传感网络在人们日常生活中的应用越来越普及,传感网络节点的可持续工作能力问题日益突出。对无线传感网络节点的功耗问题进行分析,并设计出一种面向采煤机械的基于MSP430微控芯片的低功耗在线状态监测系统。根据低功耗在线状态监测系统采集机械设备所处环境中的振动和温度信息进行数据判断,进行异常报警。经过实验验证,该系统在数据传输、数据显示和功耗测试等方面都达到了设计要求。     

Optimization of the quadrupole probe-forming system with individual power supplies for lenses

This study reviews a quadruplet of magnetic quadrupole lenses, where each lens is fed from an individual power supply. In this case the power supplies of two last lenses (along the course of the beam) are selected from the condition of ensuring the stigmatic focusing, while the power supply values of two first lenses are free parameters. These parameters form a two-parameter set, where the functional characterizing the acceptance of a probe-forming system is determined. It has been shown that the use of four individual power supplies for lenses in the quadruplet allows us to make the acceptance more than two times larger.     

面向光伏配电网监控系统的安全性监测评估

为了对分布式光伏(PV)接入配电网的安全稳定运行进行监测评估,在分析供电安全、电压质量和网损的基础上,建立了分布式光伏发电系统的静态安全指标体系。通过OpenDSS对光伏的不确定性和随机特征进行了模拟,设计了光伏接入配电网的典型场景,总结了电压波动率和网络损耗的评价结果,并利用评价指标对不同场景下的电压进行量化。在该指标体系的基础上,对分布式光伏接入配电网时的光伏渗透率(PF)、并网接入位置、分散度和功率因素提出了对应建议。     

Heat management for power converters in sealed enclosures: A numerical study

This paper compares four assembly solutions for power converters operating in sealed enclosures with tight temperature specifications. The specific application of interest is one of the DC/DC converters of a power supply system to be used in high-energy-physics experiments: the sealed case must not significantly alter the temperature of the surrounding components (detectors and their electronics). The comparison is made using 3D Finite Element thermal modeling. The standard FR4 board solution is shown not to be viable under these tight temperature specs; we therefore explore alternative assemblies for the stack connecting the active devices to the heat-sink.