重油掺水乳化直接燃烧技术应用

重油掺水乳化直接燃烧技术应用北京燕山石化公司聚酯厂蒲怀均乳化燃烧技术在各种燃烧设备上的应用受到了人们的广泛重视。在对乳化燃烧理论和应用资料研究分析基础上，燕化公司聚酯厂在６５ｔ／ｈ锅炉上采用重油掺水乳化直接燃料技术，收到了良好的节能和环保效果。本文对...     

论油掺水燃烧技术的研究与应用

分析了历来油掺水燃烧研究存在的问题,阐述了解水式燃油技术的理论基础及研究应用的发展趋向。     

废弃油脂生物柴油掺水微乳化燃料燃烧和排放性能研究

利用废弃油脂制备生物柴油不仅具有可观的经济效益,而且具有良好的社会效益和环境效益．为研究生物柴油掺水微乳化的燃烧和排放性能,在同一台双缸四冲程直喷式柴油机上进行了对比试验,测量燃料的燃烧压力和排放浓度．研究结果表明：与生物柴油相比,生物柴油掺水微乳化燃料的峰值燃烧压力的相对高低随发动机负荷变化．在排放特性中,生物柴油掺水微乳化燃料的烟度和NOx排放量显著降低,这证明掺水微乳化燃料能够改善燃烧状况,控制柴油机主要污染物排放．     

重柴油掺水燃烧对柴油机性能影响的试验研究

在2135柴油机上进行重柴油掺水的对比试验,测取不掺水、掺水11%、17.5%的全负荷速度特性和标定转速的负荷特性曲线,比较掺水前后柴油机的经济性、动力性以及环保性。试验结果表明:燃烧掺水乳化油是否可以节油以及节油的效果如何,与柴油机的转速和负荷有关,还与掺水的比例有关;重柴油掺水燃烧整体上可以显著降低NO和烟度排放;同时,掺水燃烧使柴油机的噪声变大。     

正确认识油掺水燃烧的节能降污机理

正确认识油掺水燃烧的节能降污机理清华大学工程力学系（北京１０００８４）傅维标葛阳１前言油掺水燃烧是几十年来国内外科技人员一直在研究的一门科学。油掺水燃烧的节能与降污效果，已被许多研究工作者所共识。但对它的机理的认识并不完全一致。尤其是“水变油”的骗局...     

环境温度对掺水乳化柴油喷雾燃烧特性的影响

柴油机中燃用掺水乳化柴油有提高燃烧热效率的潜力,并同时降低碳烟和NOx排放.利用定容燃烧弹台架,对比试验了纯柴油和掺水乳化柴油的燃烧特性,并重点研究了环境温度对掺水乳化柴油喷雾和燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:相比于纯柴油,掺水乳化柴油能明显降低燃烧过程中碳烟的生成量;掺水乳化柴油中水的蒸发和微爆作用随环境温度的升高逐渐增强,能有效促进喷雾雾化和油、气混合过程;随着环境温度的升高,掺水乳化柴油的滞燃期及火焰升举长度均减小,燃烧火焰亮度增大.高环境温度工况下,碳烟前期生成速率和后期氧化速率均增大,使得不同环境温度工况下掺水乳化柴油最终碳烟的排放量相差较小.     

可控掺水燃烧降低柴油机排放的燃烧分析

在1135柴油机上进行掺水比例可控的燃油乳化的试验研究,使用自制的一套不需加乳化剂的在线乳化装置进行了台架试验,找出不同负荷下油耗、NOx和碳烟排放随掺水比例增加的变化规律,并从燃烧特性方面对降低排放的原因作了分析。燃烧分析说明：掺水比例可变的在线乳化燃油燃烧特性和乳化油基本一致;掺水比例随负荷变化,能够实现小负荷时工作稳定,大负荷时大幅度降低NOx和碳烟排放。     

可控掺水燃烧降低柴油机排放的燃烧分析

在不改变柴油机结构的1135柴油机上进行了掺水比例可控的燃油乳化试验研究。使用自制的一套不需加乳化剂的在线乳化装置进行台架试验,探索不同负荷下油耗、NOx及碳烟排放随掺水比例增加的变化规律,并从燃烧特性方面对降低排放的原因作了分析。燃烧分析说明:掺水比例可变的在线乳化燃油和乳化油燃烧特性基本一致;掺水比例随负荷变化,能够实现小负荷时工作稳定,大负荷时大幅度降低NOx和碳烟排放的目标。     

柴油机燃用掺水乳化油的试验研究

<正> 柴油掺水乳化所制成的乳化油可以作为柴油机的燃料,具有省油和降低排气烟度与温度等优点,是一种节能技术。 1 柴油掺水乳化的作用为了改善柴油机混合气形成的质量及燃烧过程,除了改进燃烧室的结构形状、进气道的形式和喷油系统外,也可采用柴油掺水乳化的技术。由于柴油掺水,使柴油机混合气的形成和燃烧过程增加了新的促进因素,提高了混合气形成的速度,改善了混合气的质量,有促进燃烧趋于完全的作用。     

汽油机喷注水蒸气节油的试验与分析

我国的汽车发动机以汽油机为生,但目前在用车辆上的汽油机普遍存在油耗高的问题,所以如何提高汽油机的经济性、实现节能,一直是人们关注的课题。内燃机掺水燃烧是一项节油技术。此项技术已研究多年,国内在50年代末60年代初,已有人进行过一些掺水燃烧的试验研究工作,并得到一些有效的结果。但是,由于种种原因,研究中断了。直到70年代初期,西方国家出现了石油危机,燃油掺水燃烧作为一种节约能源和减轻环境污染的方法又重新受到人们的重视。     

Performance, emission and economic assessment of clove stem oil–diesel blended fuels as alternative fuels for diesel engines

In this study the performance, emission and economic evaluation of using the clove stem oil (CSO)–diesel blended fuels as alternative fuels for diesel engine have been carried out. Experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of the CSO–diesel blended fuels on the engine performance and emissions. The societal life cycle cost (LCC) was chosen as an important indicator for comparing alternative fuel operating modes. The LCC using the pure diesel fuel, 25% CSO and 50% CSO–diesel blended fuels in diesel engine are analysed. These costs include the vehicle first cost, fuel cost and exhaust emissions cost. A complete macroeconomic assessment of the effect of introducing the CSO–diesel blended fuels to the diesel engine is not included in the study. Engine tests show that performance parameters of the CSO–diesel blended fuels do not differ greatly from those of the pure diesel fuel. Slight power losses, combined with an increase in fuel consumption, were experienced with the CSO–diesel blended fuels. This is due to the low heating value of the CSO–diesel blended fuels. Emissions of CO and HC are low for the CSO–diesel blended fuels. NO_x emissions were increased remarkably when the engine was fuelled with the 50% CSO–diesel blended fuel operation mode. A remarkable reduction in the exhaust smoke emissions can be achieved when operating on the CSO–diesel blended fuels. Based on the LCC analysis, the CSO–diesel blended fuels would not be competitive with the pure diesel fuel, even though the environmental impact of emission is valued monetarily. This is due to the high price of the CSO.     

The effect of clove oil and diesel fuel blends on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a compression-ignition engine

Diesel engines provide the major power source for transportation in the world and contribute to the prosperity of the worldwide economy. However, recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices and the scarcity of fuel supplies have promoted considerable interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum based fuels. Based on this background, the main purpose of this investigation is to evaluate clove stem oil (CSO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. To this end, an experimental investigation was performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder water-cooled direct injection diesel engine to study the performance and emissions of an engine operated using the CSO–diesel blended fuels. The effects of the CSO–diesel blended fuels on the engine brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), specific energy consumption (SEC), exhaust gas temperatures and exhaust emissions were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the engine brake thermal efficiency and BSFC of the CSO–diesel blended fuels were higher than the pure diesel fuel while at the same time they exhibited a lower SEC than the latter over the entire engine load range. The variations in exhaust gas temperatures between the tested fuels were significant only at medium speed operating conditions. Furthermore, the HC emissions were lower for the CSO–diesel blended fuels than the pure diesel fuel whereas the NO_x emissions were increased remarkably when the engine was fuelled with the 50% CSO–diesel blended fuel.     

降低小型柴油机排放的试验研究

从生物混合燃料成分、燃烧室结构和排气再循环等方面探索降低柴油机排放的方法。通过对柴油机排放性能的大量试验研究,结果表明:对于直喷式柴油机,生物混合燃料的NOx排放与柴油的排放基本相当,碳烟排放则比柴油有较大幅度的降低,而涡流室柴油机,NOx的排放量却有大幅度的降低,碳烟排放则比直喷式柴油机有更大幅度的降低,生物燃料的添加比例对NOx的排放影响不大。柴油机采用排气再循环技术后,混合燃料的碳烟排放仍比柴油少,混合燃料可以承载一定的EGR率而不增加碳烟排放。排气再循环可以大幅度地降低NOx排放且与EGR率有关,与燃料的性质关系不大。涡流室柴油机采用生物燃料和排气再循环,可以同时降低NOx和碳烟的排放,排放效果非常优良。     

大豆生物柴油混合燃料性能试验研究

通过在R4105T柴油机上进行对比试验,分析了0#柴油／生物柴油、乙醇／生物柴油混合燃料以不同比例掺混时对柴油机动力性、经济性及碳烟排放特性的影响。研究结果表明：柴油机使用0#柴油／生物柴油混合燃料时动力性、碳烟排放量均有所下降,油耗率稍有上升;使用乙醇／生物柴油混合燃料时,碳烟排放量低于生物柴油,动力性、经济性随乙醇含量的不同而呈现不同的变化趋势。     

Performance and emission characteristics of diesel fuel produced from waste plastic oil obtained by catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene

Waste plastic oil derived from kaoline catalyzed pyrolysis of waste polypropylene is blended with diesel fuel, tested as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine, and its performance characteristics are analyzed and compared with diesel fuel operation. It is observed that the engine could operate with maximum 50% waste plastic oil blended diesel. An engine showed better performance up to 30% blend, but beyond 50% blend it gave a vibration. The results showed a stable performance with brake thermal efficiency similar to that of diesel and its value is higher up to 80% of full load. All emissions are considerably higher than that of the diesel baseline especially at high load and blend.     

柴油机掺烧DMM的燃烧和排放性能影响研究

研究了柴油掺混不同比例二甲氧基甲烷(0～50%DMM)对柴油机燃烧和排放性能的影响.结果表明,在发动机燃油和燃烧系统不作变动的条件下,随着二甲氧基甲烷在柴油中添加比例的增加,排气烟度逐步下降,有效燃油消耗率有所增加,但折算成当量柴油的有效燃油消耗率降低,热效率增加.同一工况下,发动机排气碳烟和CO排放随二甲氧基甲烷的加入而降低,NOx则无明显的上升,HC排放随着二甲氧基甲烷的增加略有增加.混合燃料的放热规律与纯柴油相比预混燃烧量增加,扩散燃烧速率加快,发动机最高燃烧压力、放热率偏高.柴油掺混30%DMM的混合燃料能够取得较好的燃油经济性和排放水平.     

乙醇柴油混合燃料发动机的经济性和排放特性的试验研究

在一YC6J170-21车用六缸发动机上进行了添加助溶剂（正丁醇）情况下,无水乙醇与市售0#柴油的混合燃料对柴油机经济性和排放特性影响的研究。试验结果表明：柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料的油耗率比纯柴油高,并且随乙醇比例的增大油耗率增大,但混合燃料的等热值当量油耗率与纯柴油相差不大,混合燃料的有效热效率比纯柴油高。柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料后,NOx和碳烟排放大幅度降低,且随着混合燃料中乙醇比例的增加,下降效果明显。柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料对CO的排放改善不明显,CO排放与原机相当。柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料后,HC排放比原机增大,且HC排放与混合燃料中乙醇比例及发动机工况有关,乙醇比例越高,HC排放也基本越大。     

Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel–diesel blended fuel

Depleting fossil fuel sources accompanied by continuously growing energy demands lead to increased interest in alternative energy sources. Blended biodiesel–diesel fuel has been approved as a commercial fuel at a low blending ratio. However, problems related to fuel properties are persistent at high blending ratios. Hence, in this study, the feasibility of biodiesel produced from palm oil was investigated. Characterization of blended fuel properties with increasing palm biodiesel ratio is conducted to evaluate engine performance test results. The qualifying of blended fuel properties was used to indicate the maximum blending ratio suitable for use in unmodified diesel engines according to the blended fuel standard ASTM D7467. The property test results revealed that blended fuel properties meet blended fuel standard requirements at up to 30% palm oil biodiesel. Furthermore, blending is efficient for reduction of the pour point from 14 °C for unblended biodiesel to less than 0 °C at a 30% biodiesel blending ratio. However, the energy content reduces by about 1.42% for each 10% increment of biodiesel. Engine test results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference for engine brake thermal efficiency among tested blended fuels compared to mineral diesel, and the lowest engine cyclic variation was achieved with blended fuel B30.     

Physico-chemical properties of ethanol–diesel blend fuel and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engines

The effects of different ethanol–diesel blended fuels on the performance and emissions of diesel engines have been evaluated experimentally and compared in this paper. The purpose of this project is to find the optimum percentage of ethanol that gives simultaneously better performance and lower emissions. The experiments were conducted on a water-cooled single-cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine using 0% (neat diesel fuel), 5% (E5–D), 10% (E10–D), 15% (E15–D), and 20% (E20–D) ethanol–diesel blended fuels. With the same rated power for different blended fuels and pure diesel fuel, the engine performance parameters (including power, torque, fuel consumption, and exhaust temperature) and exhaust emissions [Bosch smoke number, CO, NO_x, total hydrocarbon (THC)] were measured. The results indicate that: the brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency increased with an increase of ethanol contents in the blended fuel at overall operating conditions; smoke emissions decreased with ethanol–diesel blended fuel, especially with E10–D and E15–D. CO and NO_x emissions reduced for ethanol–diesel blends, but THC increased significantly when compared to neat diesel fuel.