干酪乳杆菌基因组改组菌株耐酸性表征

本实验对干酪乳杆菌基因组改组菌株的耐酸性进行了研究,结果表明,冷冻( － 80℃)和临界pH 值(pH3.2)对干酪乳杆菌基因组改组菌株影响不显著,HCl 和游离乳酸对该菌株生长有一定影响,游离乳酸影响更大。在pH5.0 条件下发酵60h,干酪乳杆菌改组菌株获得的菌体干重为6.34g/L,乳酸产量为87.6g/L,比原始菌株耐酸性有显著提高。     

基因组改组快速提高谷氨酸棒杆菌L-鸟氨酸产量

以谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC13032为出发菌,应用基因组改组技术快速提高L-鸟氨酸产量。经过紫外线、亚硝基胍和甲基磺酸乙酯分别诱变处理,获得6株产量有所提高的突变株,以此构建用于基因组改组的候选菌库。考察培养基成分对原生质体再生率的影响。经过两轮的灭活原生质体递推式融合,以磺胺胍和氟化钠为双抗性筛选标记,共筛选出2株遗传性能稳定的改组菌株。其中改组菌株F2-6摇瓶发酵72h,积累L-鸟氨酸产量为2.99g/L,是出发菌株的13.6倍。结果表明基因组改组技术能够在短期内使谷氨酸棒杆菌的L-鸟氨酸产量得以提高。     

单亲灭活德氏乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌原生质体融合条件优化

利用单亲灭活原生质体技术对德氏乳杆菌FQ菌株和乳酸乳球菌FL菌株的原生质体进行融合,考察原生质体制备、再生和融合条件的影响因素。结果表明:制备德氏乳杆菌FQ菌株原生质体最适条件为温度37℃,在含有10μg/mL变溶菌素和1mg/mL溶菌酶溶液中超声处理90min。在此条件下,原生质体再生率可达6.36%。乳酸乳球菌FL菌株添加1mg/mL甘氨酸处理后,用10mg/mL溶菌酶37℃恒温酶解90min,原生质体形成率可达99.97%。65℃处理乳酸乳球菌FL菌株原生质体120min,原生质体灭活率可达96.89%。融合实验结果表明,在PEG6000 400g/L(含0.02mol/L MgCl2和0.01mol/L CaCl2)、融合时间5min、融合温度20℃、pH6.5的条件下促融,德氏乳杆菌FQ菌株和乳酸乳球菌FL菌株原生质体的融合率可达2.72×10-6。     

产γ-氨基丁酸贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CLYB1的鉴定及基因组改组选育研究

为了提高γ-氨基丁酸产量，本研究采用紫外诱变和基因组改组技术处理筛选鉴定的产γ-氨基丁酸菌株CLYB1，并对改组后的菌株进行溶血试验和抗生素敏感性试验。结果表明：产γ-氨基丁酸菌株CLYB1为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis，产量为3.95 g/L。对菌株CLYB1进行紫外诱变，得到菌株CLYB1-Y,γ-氨基丁酸产量为10.26 g/L，比出发菌株CLYB1的γ-氨基丁酸产量提高160%。通过基因组改组得到菌株CLYB1-YC,γ-氨基丁酸产量为20.19 g/L，比出发菌株CLYB1提高411%。改组菌株进行菌株溶血试验和抗生素敏感性试验，CLYB1-YC没有溶血环出现，无溶血性，对青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、四环素、红霉素、环丙沙星、林可霉素、氯霉素、复方新诺明10种常见抗生素均敏感，菌株安全性良好。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CLYB1通过基因组改组可以提高γ-氨基丁酸产量，菌株具有更好的应用开发价值。     

基因改组选育高产杆菌肽地衣芽孢杆菌及改组菌株差异分析

为了提高地衣芽孢杆菌肽产量,采用全基因组改组技术进行菌株选育。以地衣芽孢杆菌TJ12为原始菌株,通过紫外诱变、亚硝基胍诱变、常压室温等离子体诱变构建了TJ12菌的突变体库。在优化其原生质体制备和再生条件的基础上,以其中4 株诱变菌株（U11、U23、H1、L71）作为亲本,采用聚乙二醇介导的方法进行3 轮多亲本的全基因组改组,同时,结合双亲灭活的筛选方法,最终选出1 株杆菌肽产量提高并能稳定遗传的优良菌株F3,对其摇瓶发酵36 h,杆菌肽A产量达760 mg/L,为野生菌株TJ12的1.7 倍。与野生菌株TJ12相比,改组菌株提前进入生长稳定期,两者发酵过程pH值几乎无差异;最终改组菌生长量虽低于野生菌,但菌株单位细胞还原糖产量及杆菌肽产量都高于野生菌株;其合成基因和调控基因表达量相对野生菌株都上调,其中合成基因上调幅度较大。推测改组菌株自身有了更强大的杆菌肽耐受机制,且合成基因相关部位可能发生了改变。     

利用全基因组改组技术提高SubtilosinA的产量

以Bacillus subtilis nja A1B2-2为出发菌株,在最佳的原生质体形成、再生和融合条件的基础上,将前期经过理化诱变筛选的四株高产菌株进行两轮基因组改组。结果表明,当以0.6mol/L Na Cl为高渗洗涤液,0.1mg/m L溶菌酶酶解40min后,涂布在以SMM为高渗体系的NB再生培养基上,原生质体形成率达到95.49%,再生率为89.25%。优化原生质体的融合条件,融合率达到了1.39×10-3。在此基础上将四株高产Subtilosin A菌株进行两轮全基因组改组,结合双亲灭活的筛选方法,挑选出一株遗传性状稳定的高产菌株R2-264,产量达17.59mg/L,比出发菌株提高了3.58倍。     

植物乳杆菌细菌素高产菌株的诱变选育及其对肉丸的防腐保鲜作用

为了提高细菌素产量并研究细菌素对肉制品的保鲜效果,本研究以植物乳杆菌JL-A65为出发菌株,对其进行常温等离子(ARTP)诱变、甲基硝基亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱变与基因组改组,并将细菌素与双乙酸钠复配后添加到肉丸中。结果表明,ARTP诱变最佳处理时间为40 s,经筛选得到两株突变株A7-10和A8-110,细菌素产量提高率分别为45.1%和48.9%。MNNG诱变的最佳处理浓度为1.5 mg/mL,经筛选得到两株突变株M2-58和M7-111,细菌素产量提高率分别为46.6%和31.3%。对植物乳杆菌进行基因组改组最终得到一株融合菌株F4-23,细菌素产量为413 mg/L,较原始菌株提高了103.48%。细菌素与双乙酸钠之间存在协同作用,可以使肉制品保质期较对照延长5 d。结论:利用理化诱变结合基因组改组可以获得细菌素高产菌株,细菌素与双乙酸钠复配后可以使肉丸保质期较对照延长5 d。细菌素对肉丸具有较好的防腐保鲜效果。     

细菌L-乳酸发酵的研究--耐高糖高酸菌株的选育

本文主要研究了L-乳酸发酵中耐高糖高酸菌株的选育及所选菌株的发酵特性情况.结果表明,出发菌株经离子注入诱变后,其生长的临界乳酸和葡萄糖浓度分别为24g/L和150g/L,并经耐高糖高酸的选育和驯化后,得到一株在产酸速率和最终L-乳酸产量方面都比原始对照菌株高的目的菌株LB1-1,其最终L-乳酸产量达到70g/L,出发菌株为43g/L.     

多亲本原生质体融合构建高产谷胱甘肽菌株

基于多亲本原生质体融合技术提高酿酒酵母Y518产谷胱甘肽能力。结果表明,酿酒酵母Y518培养8h,经0.15%巯基乙醇前处理,酶解(酶浓度17.5g/L)60min,原生质体形成率达90%以上;在40% PEG6000(含5g/LCaCl2)诱导下融合,融合率可达2.6×10-5;通过4轮基因组改组,得到2株GSH产量提高的突变菌株,最高可达15.92mg/g,为原始菌株的2倍。     

基因组改组技术提高γ-癸内酯产量

应用基因组改组技术提高耶罗维亚酵母γ-癸内酯的产量.耶罗维亚酵母原生质体在成串脉冲电场频率1000kHz,融合电压强度6kV/cm,脉冲个数4个,成串脉冲电压40V,脉冲宽度20μs的条件下进行电融合,原生质体的存活率能达到61.6％,其中一株改组菌株GDL产量为1.237g/L,是出发菌株产量的8倍.     

利用玉米浸泡水发酵生产L(+)-乳酸

对以玉米浸泡水浓缩液(CCSL)为基础的简化培养基进行了优化。结果表明,由80g/L葡萄糖、40g/L玉米浸泡水浓缩液和0.2g/LMnSO4.H2O组成的发酵培养基获得了68.5g/L的乳酸产量,与完全培养基产量基本相同。使用数学模型对发酵过程中乳酸的生成和葡萄糖的消耗进行了模拟和预测分析。     

固定化丙酸菌发酵底物的研究

本文主要研究了不同底物葡萄糖，乳酸，葡萄糖和乳酸的混合物对固定化丙酸菌发酵的影响。实验结果表明以葡萄糖为底物其最适浓度为40g／L，丙酸产量达0．32g／L；以乳酸为底物其最适浓度为40g／L丙酸产量达0．22g／L；以葡萄糖和乳酸为混合底物的最适浓度为葡萄糖10g／L 乳酸40g／L，丙酸产量为0．48g／L；混合底物比单一底物更有利于丙酸的生产。     

肉制品发酵剂菌种筛选及发酵工艺条件优化

为获得优良的肉制品发酵剂,将酸马奶酒中分离所得4株乳酸菌进行培养。以标准的植物乳杆菌为对照,通过生化特性分析、耐盐性、耐亚硝酸盐性、产酸能力等试验对其进行优势菌种筛选,最终筛选出一株发酵性能较好的乳酸菌Lactobacillus5(BL5)。以接菌量、BL5和标准肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus(Stl)配比、葡萄糖添加量作为影响发酵的三个因素,测定pH达到5.3左右的发酵时间和色泽。结果表明:当接菌量1×106cfu/g,BL5︰Stl=2︰1,葡萄糖添加量2%时,发酵时间较短为8 h,pH为5.2±0.1,L*,a*值都较大,发酵肉的色泽较好。故将其作为该发酵剂的最佳发酵条件。     

真菌固定床反应器发酵L(+)-乳酸的初步研究

研究了在5L发酵罐中采用纤维床固定化技术发酵生产乳酸过程不同溶氧量和固定化面积对乳酸发酵过程的影响,测定了不同固定化面积发酵过程中的氧传质系数。在通气率为1.0vvm和固定化面积为400cm2条件下,产酸速率为2.13g/(L·h),发酵液中乳酸最终浓度为73.1g/L,L(+)-乳酸光学纯度为98.9%,证明提高发酵过程中菌体层内部溶氧传质系数有助于增加乳酸产率。乳酸发酵液浊度0.49NTU,显著改善发酵液的流体力学条件,为应用膜生物反应器技术连续发酵生产乳酸奠定了基础。     

Novel high butanol production from lactic acid and pentose by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum

We previously reported a butanol production process with pH-stat continuous feeding of dl-lactic acid and glucose as the co-substrate (Oshiro et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 87, 1177-1185, 2010). To accomplish butanol production from completely inedible substrates, in this study, we investigated acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 with lactic acid by using pentose as the co-substrate. Examination for optimum co-substrate indicated that arabinose was superior to glucose and xylose for ABE fermentation. Actually batch culture with lactic acid and arabinose without pH control exhibited higher butanol production (7.11?g/l) and lactic acid consumption (2.02?g) than those (6.62?g/l and 1.45?g, respectively) with glucose. Fed-batch culture without pH control increased these values to 12.08?g/l and 15.60?g/l butanol production, and to 3.83?g and 5.91?g lactic acid consumption by feeding the substrate once and twice, respectively. Finally, the result of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis using [1,2,3-(13)C(3)]-lactic acid indicated that lactic acid was converted to butanol with the efficiency of 51.9%. Thus, we established a novel high butanol production from lactic acid using arabinose as the co-substrate in simple fed-batch culture.     

维生素对L.delbrueckii乳酸发酵的影响及其优化

研究了维生素对Ｌ．ｄｅｌｂｒｕｅｃｋｉｉ生长及产酸的影响，结果表明生物素、对氨基苯甲酸和硫胺素对Ｌ、ｄｅｌ－ｂｒｕｅｃｋｉｉ的生长及产酸有促进作用。用响应面分析方法对生物素、对氨基苯甲酸和硫胺素添加量进行优化，建立了响应面方程，得到了最佳组成；生物素２．１９ｍｌ／Ｌ、对氨基苯甲酸 ２．２５ｍｌ／Ｌ、硫胺素２．０５ｍｌ／Ｌ。乳酸最大产量为 ９４．６５ｇ／Ｌ。考察了添加维生素的间歇发酵，结果表明菌体繁殖快。生物量高、降糖快、发酵结束无残糖、乳酸产量高。乳酸最高产量为９２．５ｇ／Ｌ，与优化的预测结果基本一致。     

蒙古族奶嚼口与下层凝乳中乳酸菌的筛选和比较研究

该研究以蒙古族奶嚼口和下层凝乳为原料,对乳酸菌进行计数和分离,通过产酸凝乳、耐胆盐实验及基因分析筛选并鉴定优良发酵菌株。结果表明,奶嚼口和下层凝乳中乳酸菌活菌数为（12.60±0.78）lg（CFU/mL）和（12.31±0.35）lg（CFU/mL）;分离获得的200株乳酸菌中有19株产酸凝乳能力较好,其中12株来源于奶嚼口,7株来自下层凝乳;在0.3 g/L和0.6 g/L胆盐环境中,奶嚼口中筛选出的乳酸菌具有更强的胆盐耐受性;奶嚼口筛选出11株乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）和1株屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）;下层凝乳筛选出的7株均为乳酸乳球菌。奶嚼口和下层凝乳中乳酸菌活菌数及种属并无明显差异,奶嚼口中分离的具有产酸凝乳能力的乳酸菌多于下层凝乳中所筛选的菌株,并有较强的胆盐耐受性。     

一株高产乳酸菌株的鉴定及其发酵特性研究

采用MRS培养基从果醋醋醅中分离具有强产酸能力的乳酸菌,通过形态观察、生理生化试验及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并研究其乙醇耐受能力、产酸能力和抗生素敏感性。结果表明,从果醋醋醅中分离得到一株产酸能力较高的菌株,编号为D2,并鉴定其为鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）,该菌株在体积分数4%乙醇条件下能够正常生长,在体积分数14%乙醇条件下能够存活,具有较强的乙醇耐受力;在MRS肉汤培养基中发酵48 h时,总酸含量达到20.03 g/L,其中乳酸含量增加最多,其次是苹果酸和琥珀酸;对四环素、氯霉素、红霉素和吉他霉素敏感,对链霉素、卡那霉素、青霉素、苯唑西林和复方新诺明具有耐药性。综上,该菌株具有较强的乙醇耐受能力和产乳酸能力,安全性高,有作为发酵菌剂改善果醋风味和口感的潜在应用价值。     

Modeling and Optimization of Lactic Acid Production using Cashew Apple Juice as Substrate

The production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus casei B-442 was studied and modeled. Sugar feedstock was provided using cashew apple juice, an alternative glucose and fructose feedstock that proved to yield high concentrations of lactic acid. The fermentations were carried out in a 1-L fermenter under constant agitation (150 rpm) and controlled pH (6.5). Lactic acid production was evaluated through a dynamic study, varying the initial concentration of sugar in the range of 20 to 60 g/L. Biomass, reducing sugars, and lactic acid concentration were measured throughout the experiments. The highest production of lactic acid (59.3 g/L) was obtained operating the fermentation with 60 g/L of reducing sugar from the cashew apple juice. A rigorous kinetic model was developed for batch fermentation of cashew apple juice for lactic acid production by L. casei B-442. The growth of biomass and lactic acid production were affected by substrate limitation, substrate inhibition and lactic acid inhibition. The model assumed growth- and non-growth-associated lactic acid production and a term for microorganism death was also included in the model. Parameters of the kinetic model were determined based on experimental data by using the least mean squares method and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The model validation was performed and the model was statistically able to fit the profiles for growth of biomass, sugar consumption and lactic acid production. The optimization of the process, using the model, was carried out and the optimum operating conditions aiming highest productivity, lowest production cost and highest gross profit are presented.     

A novel lactic acid bacterium for the production of high purity L-lactic acid, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CHB2121

Fermentation-derived lactic acid has several potential industrial uses as an intermediate carbon chemical and a raw material for biodegradable polymer. We therefore undertook the identification of a novel bacterial strain that is capable of producing high concentrations of lactic acid and has potential commercial applications. A novel L(+)-lactic acid producing bacterium, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CHB2121 was isolated from soil obtained near an ethanol production factory and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and characterization using an API 50 CHL kit. L. paracasei subsp. paracasei CHB2121 efficiently produced 192 g/L lactic acid from medium containing 200 g/L of glucose, with 3.99 g/(L·h) productivity, and 0.96 g/g yield. In addition, the optical purity of the produced lactic acid was estimated to be 96.6% L(+)-lactic acid. The newly identified L. paracasei subsp. paracasei CHB2121 efficiently produces high concentrations of lactic acid, and may be suitable for use in the industrial production of lactic acid.