Maglev self-excited vibration suppression with a virtual sky-hooked damper

This work addresses the problem of self-excited vibration,which degrades the stability of the levitation control,decreases the ride comfort,and restricts the construction cost of maglev system.Firstly,a minimum model containing a flexible bridge and a single levitation unit is presented.Based on the simplified model,the principle underlying the self-excited vibration is explored.After investigations about the energy transmission between the levitation system and bridge,it is concluded that the increment of modal damping can dissipate the accumulated energy by the bridge and the self-excited vibration may be avoided.To enlarge the equivalent modal damping of bridge,the sky-hooked damper is adopted.Furthermore,to avoid the hardware addition of real sky-hooked damper,considering the fact that the electromagnet itself is an excellent actuator that is capable of providing sufficiently fast and large force acting on the bridge to emulate the influence of the real sky-hooked damper,the technique of the virtual sky-hooked damper is proposed.The principle underlying the virtual sky-hooked damper by electromagnet is explored and the vertical velocity of bridge is estimated.Finally,numerical and experimental results illustrating the stability improvement of the vehicle-bridge interaction system are provided.     

Self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system

The self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system were addressed, which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, the coupled model containing the quintessential parts was built, and the mechanism of self-excited vibration was explained in terms of energy transmission from levitation system to bridge. Then, the influences of the parameters of the widely used integral-type proportion and derivation（PD） controller and the delay of signals on the stability of the interaction system were analyzed. The result shows that the integral-type PD control is a nonoptimal approach to solve the self-excited vibration completely. Furthermore, the differential-type PD controller can guarantee the passivity of levitation system at full band. However, the differentiation of levitation gap should be filtered by a low-pass filter due to noise of gap differentiation. The analysis indicates that a well tuned low-pass filter can still keep the coupled system stable.     

Modeling and simulation of CMS04 maglev train with active controller

The application of new-designed levitation controller requires extensive validation prior to enter into commercial service. However, huge mounts of approximations and assumptions lead the theoretical analysis away from the engineering practice. The experimental methods are time-consuming and financial expensive, even unrealizable due to the lack of suitable sensors. Numerical simulations can bridge the gap between the theoretical analysis and experimental techniques. A complete overall dynamic model of maglev levitation system is derived in this work, which includes the simple-supported bridges, the calculation of electromagnetic force with more details, the stress of levitation modules and the cabin. Based on the aforementioned model, it shows that the inherent nonlinearity, inner coupling, misalignments between the sensors and actuators, and self-excited vibration are the main issues that should be considered during the design process of controller. Then, the backstepping controller based on the mathematical model of the module with reasonable simplifications is proposed, and the stability proofs are listed. To show the advantage of controller, two numerical simulation experiments are carried out. Finally, the results illustrating closed-loop performance are provided.     

轮轨横向接触系统的自激振动分析

为了研究轮轨接触过程中发生的自激振动现象对轮轨曲线啸叫噪声的影响,建立了轮轨横向接触系统的单自由度动力学方程,采用基于De Beer模型的改进的新型摩擦系数模型计算了轮轨接触面上的摩擦力变化,用相平面法分析了动、静摩擦系数以及横向蠕滑率对该自激振动系统的稳定性影响.计算结果表明：不稳定的轮轨自激振动会激发车轮的若干模态...     

车桥耦合系统桥面破损动力效应分析

借鉴了路面平整度的概率模型,提出了桥面破损激励下的计算模型,并建立了车桥耦合振动方程。通过对16 m简支梁桥在桥面破损的影响下进行了动力效应计算,分析了桥面破损激励对车桥耦合系统的影响,讨论了公路桥梁结构的动力效应随车辆行驶速度、桥面破损位置的变化而呈现的变化规律。     

车桥耦合系统桥头跳车动力效应分析

借鉴了桥面平整度的概率模型,提出了桥头跳车激励下的计算模型,并建立了车桥耦合振动方程。通过对30m简支梁桥在桥头跳车的影响下进行了动力效应计算,分析了桥头跳车激励对车桥耦合系统的影响,分别讨论了桥梁结构的动力效应随行车速度、桥头高差的变化而呈现的变化规律。     

磁流变阻尼器与磁悬浮系统并联隔振研究

针对磁悬浮隔振装置参振质量大,系统的等效刚度、等效阻尼受控制参数稳定区域的限制,在振动幅值较大时的抑振效果不理想的问题,设计了一种小位移大阻尼力的挤压式磁流变阻尼器,为磁悬浮隔振系统附加阻尼,可以显著减小系统振动.介绍了该磁流变阻尼器的设计方法,实验特性,并将该磁流变阻尼器与磁悬浮装置并联起来,实验证明,这种方法可以显著减小振动,提高系统隔振性能.     

可控径向轴承中引入流体阻尼改善转子系统稳定性的研究

本文将流体阻尼技术引入在线调整转子—轴承系统动态特性的新型可控径向轴承中。着重研究了阻尼器及其几何参数对控制转子系统自激振荡的影响。文章给出了系统工作原理和描述系统动态特性的非线性数学模型。数值仿真试验表明：引入流体阻尼技术后，可控径向轴承能在较低的控制压力下有效地改善转子—轴承系统的稳定性；并且在确定的外部条件下，存在一组减少或消除自激振荡的最佳阻尼器参数。     

基于光热膨胀效应的光驱自激单摆

自激振荡可利用运动状态反馈等机制实现自主吸收环境能量,开发新型自激振荡系统可推动自适应主动机器的进一步发展.基于光热膨胀材料提出一种单摆结构,通过建立光热响应摆动力学模型,从理论上研究了单摆的光驱自激振荡现象.结果表明,单摆有静态模式和振荡模式两种运动模式.在阐明了自激振荡机理及其触发条件后,进一步全面探讨了系统参数对振动幅值和频率的影响.     

Self-excited vibration of driveline for vehicle launch

The launch shudder phenomenon induced by self-excited vibration of driveline was studied with a compact car equipped with AMT as research object. The research showed that self-excited vibration was closely related with damping of driveline,the variation of friction coefficient,equivalent radius of friction plate and applied force of pressure plate. Six DOFs torsional vibration model of vehicle driveline was established according to the parameters of the certain compact car. The simulation was carried out and the result was compared with test data. It was found that the negative slope of friction coefficient with relative slip speed does not necessarily lead to self-excited vibration and the frequency of self-excited vibration on 1 st gear is near to the 1 st order of torsional natural frequency.The influence of each viscous damping in driveline on self-excited vibration was analyzed by simulation and the results showed that increasing the torsional dampings of half-axles and tires properly was effective to improve launch shudder phenomenon.     

车-桥耦合振动2019年度研究进展

车辆运行于桥梁上,车辆与桥梁之间相互作用、相互影响,称为车-桥耦合振动。车-桥耦合振动理论为桥梁设计、线路运营、维护及管理提供了理论基础、分析方法和评估手段,具有重要的工程应用价值。自20世纪起,众多学者已经开展了大量卓有成效的研究工作。近年来,中国交通运输行业飞速发展,稠密的交通网、紧张的运能、复杂的线路条件等因素对传统的车-桥耦合振动理论提出了新的挑战,也催生了相关先进理论技术的发展。为了促进该领域后续更加全面深入的基础研究,对轨道不平顺作用下的车-桥耦合振动、轨道不平顺作用下的车-桥耦合随机振动、风-车-桥耦合振动、地震-车-桥耦合振动、磁浮交通车辆-轨道梁耦合振动等5个方面在2019年的研究进展进行了总结,并对研究热点和展望进行了梳理。     

车-桥耦合振动2020年度研究进展

车桥耦合振动的主要研究内容包括轨道不平顺作用下的车桥耦合振动及随机振动、风车桥耦合振动、地震车桥耦合振动、新型轨道车辆-轨道梁耦合振动等方面。当前,中国铁路桥梁建设面临更大跨度、高速度、高舒适度等新的挑战,在风荷载及列车荷载等外部激励作用下,车桥间相互作用越发显著。如何准确预测实际复杂风环境下车桥耦合系统动力响应及高速列车的行车走行性,并为桥梁设计、线路运营、维护及管理提供技术指导,成为2020年度车桥耦合振动领域的研究热点和发展趋势。     

船舶电站柴油发电机组的非线性数学模型

船舶电力系统是一个非线性系统,为了对系统的过渡过程进行分析,文中建立了船舶电站柴油发电机组的非线性数学模型,该模型准确地反映了转速和电压的相互作用和相互影响的关系,体现了船舶电力系统的变量耦合性质.对一个实际的船舶电站柴油发电机组控制系统进行了计算机仿真研究,分别给出了系统在突加静负荷和起动大功率异步电动机时的动态特性曲线.计算机仿真结果表明,提出的数学模型是合理的、可行的,反映了船舶电力系统转速和电压的变化规律.     

考虑土与结构相互作用对结构自振特性的影响

为了研究土与结构相互作用效应对结构自振特性的影响,建立土-并联基础隔震体系计算模型,并基于有限元单元法理论的原理,采用ABAQUS软件建立不同地基条件下的普通结构和并联基础隔震结构,探讨结构的自振频率和自振周期的变化规律。结果表明:总体上土与结构相互作用对并联基础隔震结构自振特性的影响远小于普通结构,场地土条件越软弱影响的程度也越大。     

考虑车桥耦合非线性振动的冲击效应

应用哈密尔顿能量原理和欧拉—贝努利梁假设,考虑梁的几何非线性影响,推导出简支梁在四分之一车辆模型下的车桥耦合非线性振动方程.采用伽辽金法和龙格—库塔法求解方程,研究了计入几何非线性因素后车速、桥梁参数对简支梁桥冲击系数的影响,其结果为改进我国公路桥涵设计规范中冲击系数的计算提供了参考.     

基于励磁调压特性的交流同步电机强励控制

为了探索励磁调压特性对交流同步电机强励的控制关系,通过励磁EEAC理论从励磁调压角度对交流同步电机的强励控制进行分析,应用Matlab系统建立自并励单机仿真模型,并仿真分析了暂态过程中机端电压对交流同步电机强励的调控关系.结果表明,机端电压决定着电功功率,电磁功率决定着系统暂态稳定的裕度.在忽略损耗的条件下,电功功率等价于电磁功率,因而机端电压决定着励磁系统暂态稳定的裕度.     

基于磁悬浮结构的人体动能采集技术

设计基于磁悬浮结构的电磁能量采集装置,该装置可佩戴于使用者的腕部、肘部和脚踝处,收集人体运动过程中产生的动能. 概述现有的可用于振动能量采集的多种能量采集技术,利用惯性传感器对实验者运动时的关节加速度及角速度进行测量,对磁悬浮结构的非线性能量采集工作原理进行理论分析. 运用有限元工具对振动时结构周边的磁场分布和磁力线变化进行仿真研究,并通过振动实验平台验证装置的共振频率和电压输出范围. 当使用者佩戴该装置进行测试时,装置输出的电压及功率随运动速度的增加而增加,在8 km/h的运动条件下,腕部、肘部和踝部所能俘获的最大瞬时功率分别为0.60、0.30、0.58 mW. 实验结果表明,基于磁悬浮互斥结构的电磁能量采集装置能有效采集人体动能,并为可穿戴传感器等低功耗设备供能.     

铁路连续钢桁梁桥振动仿真分析

为了求解车桥系统振动方程中随时间变化的刚度矩阵、质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵,采用将列车-桥梁作为一个整体系统,用能量法导出了车桥系统的刚度矩阵、质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵.用此方法对某连续钢桁梁桥的振动响应进行了仿真分析,并计算了某简支钢桁梁桥的横向振动,与实测值的波形图接近,证明该方法正确可靠.     

多车辆一大跨连续梁桥耦合振动响应分析

为研究公路桥梁在各种复杂车辆行驶工况下的车桥耦合振动响应,提出基于ANSYS单一环境下的车桥耦合振动响应数值分析方法,该方法将桥梁与车辆模型均独立建立于ANSYS环境下,其耦合作用关系通过APDL编程语言计算并将其在任意时刻施加于车辆及桥梁结构,最终得到振动的时程响应.通过参考文献验证该方法正确,并对一座大跨连续梁桥在2～8辆车以各种常见车速行驶等工况下的车桥耦合振动响应进行了分析计算,总结了挠度、弯矩冲击系数的变化规律.     

大跨径连续梁多工况车桥耦合振动规律分析

为研究公路桥梁在各种复杂车辆行驶工况下的车桥耦合振动响应,提出基于ANSYS单一环境下的数值分析方法,通过APDL编程语言实现ANSYS环境下桥梁与车辆独立模型间的耦合关系并得到振动时程响应曲线。通过与相关参考文献对比验证该方法的正确性,并研究了一座大跨径连续梁桥在车辆同向行驶、反向行驶两种常见工况下全桥所有截面的车桥耦合的振动响应,总结挠度、弯矩冲击系数沿桥梁纵向的变化规律。结果表明,挠度(弯矩)冲击系数沿全桥各截面变化规律复杂,其数值与车速和对应截面均有密切关联,桥梁支点处易产生突变,跨内变化较光滑,中跨跨中附近出现拐点,挠度(弯矩)效应大小与冲击系数呈反比趋势,不能采用简单函数进行回归拟合。