基于余力矩的边坡临界滑动场方法及应用

基于常规极限平衡条分法的瑞典法、Bishop法以及不平衡推力传递法的条间力假定,将圆弧滑动面整体的滑动力矩与抗滑力矩之差定义为余力矩,在给定的安全系数下,利用简单有效的和声搜索算法寻求余力矩最大的滑动面作为给定安全系数下的危险滑动面,变化安全系数直至找到的危险滑动面的余力矩为零,该危险滑动面即为边坡的临界滑动面;鉴于取矩中心对计算结果的影响,对于非圆弧滑动面,采用滑面滑出端的余力替代余力矩作为控制指标,采用与圆弧滑动面下类似的寻找步骤即可得到非圆弧滑动面下的临界滑动面.通过两个典型土坡的算例分析证明了本文方法的可行性.     

基于矢量和法的边坡三维极限平衡稳定分析法

对于具有复杂几何特征的边坡问题, 用二维极限平衡理论难以得到与实际相应的分析结果.基于矢量和法安全系数定义,提出了能满足所有条柱3个力的平衡和滑坡体3个整体力矩平衡的严格通用极限平衡分析法.通过侧向剪力系数和侧向剪力分布函数对条间力进行假定,考虑所有条间剪力对安全系数的影响.利用滑体力的平衡条件和边界条件分别得到条柱各行和各列的安全系数,再利用滑体整体力矩平衡条件确定侧向剪力系数.将条柱底面剪力矢量和的反方向作为潜在滑动方向,通过抗滑力和滑动力在其上的投影之和之比确定整个坡体的矢量和安全系数.典型算例验证了方法的合理性,计算结果表明,完全考虑条间力作用将提高边坡的稳定安全系数.     

三维极限平衡法通用形式的建立及应用

在满足边坡整体力平衡、力矩平衡以及边坡微条柱力平衡的条件下,提出了一个综合各种三维极限平衡法的通用形式,该通用形式包含3个表达式。通过这3个表达式利用已有方法的假定条件就可以得到原方法的表达形式,并将他们解析化,不仅大大降低了传统三维极限平衡法的计算工作量,还使得具体实现各种方法时,编程变得更方便,计算更简便,提高了计算效率。最后,通过经典算例,利用通用形式导出的各种方法的解析形式,分析了滑体宽度、滑面强度参数以及滑面剪切力方向对稳定系数的影响。结果表明,该通用形式是正确有效的。     

基于数值应力场的加固边坡临界滑动场

传统的极限平衡法广泛用于边坡稳定性,计算出的边坡安全系数在工程界普遍接受。但边坡加固后的受力较为复杂,由于极限平衡法假设条件较多,加上计算加固边坡安全系数的合理性受到质疑,所以较多地采用数值分析方法,但数值分析法不易获取工程意义上的安全系数。为此,利用数值分析法计算加固边坡应力分布,再利用临界滑动场理论搜索基于数值应力的临界滑面和计算最小安全系数。通过两种常用边坡加固方式（锚杆框格梁加固和抗滑桩加固）的分析,说明本方法在加固边坡分析中的优势和适用性。     

边坡稳定分析的三维剩余推力法

基于剩余推力法提出了一种边坡稳定分析的三维方法.该法可用于计算具有任意形状滑动面的边坡在复杂荷载作用下三维稳定安全系数.首先将边坡用铅直面离散为柱条,然后采用剩余推力法的原理,基于摩尔库仑准则,根据条柱的静力平衡条件,并考虑条柱间作用力的影响,推导出边坡稳定系数.算例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

岩质边坡稳定分析三维与二维的比较

提出岩质边坡沿软弱结构面滑移一剪切的三维稳定分析方法。在分析模型中,下滑体沿滑动面下滑,在其他的面上则产生剪切破坏。在结构面上满足莫尔库伦破坏准则,把剪切面上的摩阻力向下滑方向投影,由下滑体的力学平衡条件求解出未知力,通过迭代可以求得稳定系数。同时推导了摩阻力倾向与倾角的计算式,编制了相应的程序,并利用这个程序,研究了边坡长度、岩层与坡面夹角等因素对边坡稳定系数的影响,比较了三雏分析与二维分析的差别。     

基于DEM的三维微条柱法计算滑移型塌岸安全系数的研究

为了对边坡进行三维稳定性分析,在传统的二维条分法的基础上进行拓展,基于高分辨率DEM构建边坡三维模型,将二维条分法中的土条拓展为三维条柱法中的条柱,通过分析每个条柱上的受力状况,根据极限平衡理论,以GIS二次开发的方式,将三维毕肖普法引入GIS软件平台,实现了三维圆弧滑动面的构造和三维安全系数的计算,该方法实现了三维模...     

边坡强度参数对于稳定性影响的极限平衡法分析

为了研究岩土体抗剪强度参数对边坡稳定性的影响,通过理论推导和Bishop极限平衡法计算,分别改变岩土体的粘结力c和内摩擦角,探讨边坡安全系数和滑动面的变化.结果表明：粘结力或内摩擦角改变时,边坡的安全系数将发生变化,而滑动面的变化受函数η-c的影响,η-c与粘结力和内摩擦角有关.当η-c为定值时,滑动面不随抗剪强度参数的变化而变化;当η-c增大时,边坡的滑动面从近坡面逐渐向边坡内部移动;反之,η-c减小时,边坡的滑动面从边坡内部向近坡面移动.研究结果为边坡稳定性分析的理论和实践研究提供了参考.     

Stability and reinforcement analysis of rock slope based on elasto-plastic finite element method

The rigid body limit equilibrium method(RBLEM) and finite element method(FEM) are two widely used approaches for rock slope's stability analysis currently. RBLEM introduced plethoric assumptions; while traditional FEM relied on artificial factors when determining factor of safety(FOS) and sliding surfaces. Based on the definition of structure instability that an elasto-plastic structure is not stable if it is unable to satisfy simultaneously equilibrium condition, kinematical admissibility and constitutive equations under given external loads, deformation reinforcement theory(DRT) is developed. With this theory, plastic complementary energy(PCE) can be used to evaluate the overall stability of rock slope, and the unbalanced force beyond the yield surface could be the identification of local failure. Compared with traditional slope stability analysis approaches, the PCE norm curve to strength reduced factor is introduced and the unbalanced force is applied to the determination of key sliding surfaces and required reinforcement. Typical and important issues in rock slope stability are tested in TFINE(a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element program), which is further applied to several representatives of high rock slope's stability evaluation and reinforcement engineering practice in southwest of China.     

基于变形分析的3维边坡滑动面搜索新方法

针对3维强度折减法定量化确定滑动面的不足,提出了一种新的3维边坡滑动面搜索方法。边坡岩土体变形只有超过临界值后,才能产生滑裂破坏。因此可以根据3维强度折减法所得的位移场,采用临界位移等值面（即3维滑体与稳定体的分界面）定义临界滑动面。根据特定剖面边界的剪应变增量极大值点确定滑体剪出口位置,据此求解对应的临界位移值。采用自编的FISH程序将临界位移节点3维坐标和对应的位移值输出,通过离散节点网格化搜索滑动面。对不同实例进行分析,包括匀质边坡、坡顶荷载作用下的边坡、含软弱夹层的边坡以及凸面边坡等。研究表明,即使是匀质边坡,其滑动面形状都不能简单地假设为球面、椭球面或对数螺旋面。算例分析也进一步说明了3维强度折减法的优势,即不需要引入滑动面形状,更能真实地反映3维边坡破坏机制。     

岩质边坡在降雨条件下的稳定性分析

雨水入渗改变了岩质边坡非饱和区渗流场的分布,是引发边坡滑坡的主要因素之一.在极限平衡理论和非饱和土抗剪强度理论基础上,引入了渗透力的概念,利用有限单元法进行了降雨条件下岩质边坡稳定性的分析.最后,利用编制的边坡稳定程序进行了算例分析,结果表明,岩体边坡的稳定安全系数随着雨水的不断渗入在逐渐地降低,即降雨入渗对边坡的稳定具有不利影响.     

考虑分条力矩平衡的稳定分析方法

本文根据条分法稳定分析原理,考虑分条力矩的平衡,并假定滑裂面处于极限状态而合力作用面上应力呈线性分布,推导了确定分界面和底部滑面上作用力的数值、方向和作用点的基本公式.随后,依照对分界面状态的判别,提出了超过极限剪切状态时,力的分配和调整方法。通过循环迭代计算,即可求得合理的分析成果,并确定出抗滑稳定安全系数。实际算例的计算验证,说明本文方法有较大的适用性,可应用于工程设计。     

基于滑面应力场修正的改进极限平衡法

结合极限平衡条分法和有限元法的各自优点,提出从有限元法的分析结果中提取出滑动面上的应力分布,然后通过转化求得滑动面上的正应力分布,以此正应力作为边坡滑动面上的初始应力。引入两个未知参数对滑动面上的正应力进行修正,把修正后的滑动面正应力带入极限平衡方程组中,经简单迭代计算,求出未知参数和边坡的安全系数。通过对工程实例的稳定性计算,对比分析该方法和其他常用方法的计算结果,验证了该方法的合理性,其计算结果能够真实反映边坡的稳定状态。     

考虑整体力矩平衡的改进不平衡推力法

为了提高常用的剩余推力法的精度,通过引入比例因子确定条间力作用倾角,建立同时考虑力平衡和力矩平衡的联立方程组,求得边坡安全系数,并通过算例验证了其可靠性。研究表明:不平衡力矩和边坡安全系数均随着比例因子的变化而接近线性改变;相对于常规不平衡推力法而言,改进法求解安全系数时具有更高的精度和更快的收敛速度;在不考虑水平地震力时,条间力方向与条底滑面基本平行;考虑较大地震力作用时,条间力倾角变化主要集中发生在边坡后部的少数几个条块中。当比例因子为零时,改进不平衡推力法与常规不平衡推力法是一致的,故其可以视作常规法的扩展形式。     

An extension of 2D Janbu''s generalized procedure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis Ⅰ- Basic theory

Based on 2D Janbu's generalized procedure of slices (GPS), a new three-dimensional slope stability analysis method has been developed, in which all forces acting on the discretized blocks in static equilibrium are taken into account in all three directions. In this method, the potential sliding mass is divided into rigid blocks and each block is analyzed separately by using both geometric relations and static equilibrium formulations. By introducing force boundary conditions, the stability problem is determined statically. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the stability of slopes with various types of potential sliding surfaces, complicated geological boundaries and stratifications, water pressure, and earthquake loading. This method can also be helpful in determining individual factor of safety and local potential sliding direction for each block. As an extension of 2D Janbu's method, the present method has both the advantages and disadvantages of Janbu's generalized procedure of slices.     

An extension of 2D Janbu’s generalized procedure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis I

Based on 2D Janbu’s generalized procedure of slices (GPS), a new three-dimensional slope stability analysis method has been developed, in which all forces acting on the discretized blocks in static equilibrium are taken into account in all three directions. In this method, the potential sliding mass is divided into rigid blocks and each block is analyzed separately by using both geometric relations and static equilibrium formulations. By introducing force boundary conditions, the stability problem is determined statically. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the stability of slopes with various types of potential sliding surfaces, complicated geological boundaries and stratifications, water pressure, and earthquake loading. This method can also be helpful in determining individual factor of safety and local potential sliding direction for each block. As an extension of 2D Janbu’s method, the present method has both the advantages and disadvantages of Janbu’s generalized procedure of slices.     

局部安全系数法中约束对土坡稳定分析的影响

为研究局部安全系数法中不同约束条件对土坡稳定分析的影响,结合两典型土坡,对局部安全系数法这一双重优化问题中的约束条件进行了分析,约束条件主要包括极大化问题中条块间法向力、剪切力、条底法向力需满足的约束以及极小化问题中可行滑动面需满足的约束条件,研究结果表明,限制条块间法向力为正,而允许条间剪切力为负条件下,局部安全系数法所得结果较为合理.     

土质边坡空间临界滑动面搜索的优化算法

将二维均质土坡作为平面应变问题,假定滑动面是一个圆弧,将滑弧圆心与半径转变为后缘剪入点、坡脚剪出点和过后缘点滑弧切线与x轴的交点等3个点的横坐标,然后以这3个参数为变量,给定合理的取值区间,应用黄金分割法搜索二维边坡的最小稳定系数及相应的临界滑动面。进一步假定均质土坡的三维空间滑动面为一旋转椭球体,旋转椭球体的竖向中轴面和二维的圆弧面一致,给定椭球体不同的水平轴半径值,采用以上二维滑动面搜索方法可求出不同水平半径所对应的三维最小稳定系数及相应的椭球面。结果表明:边坡的三维稳定系数没有极小值,但有极限值;对于横向延伸长的无限边坡,三维稳定系数逼近二维稳定系数,当旋转椭球长轴与短轴之比大于3时,二者很接近,边坡稳定性可简化为二维来分析;对于受地形、地下水等条件约束的短边坡,三维效应明显,在考虑实际边界条件的情况下按三维来分析。     

不同随机场模拟对斜坡失稳风险评估结果的影响

使用不确定性分析方法定量评估斜坡失稳风险结果受到学者们的日益重视。针对现有斜坡失稳风险评估中仅采用平稳随机场模拟土体抗剪强度参数分布特征的问题,以一不排水饱和粘土斜坡为例,结合有限元极限分析、强度折减法和蒙特卡洛模拟,讨论了使用非平稳随机场模型和平稳随机场模型模拟土体抗剪强度参数对计算斜坡失稳风险评估结果的影响。结果表明：使用传统的平稳随机场计算斜坡失稳风险的方法会高估斜坡失稳风险,使工程造价增加;安全系数高的斜坡滑面不一定是浅层滑面;斜坡竖直相关距离对采用非平稳随机场计算其失稳风险结果影响较小,而斜坡竖直相关距离对采用平稳随机场计算其失稳风险结果影响显著;斜坡竖直相关距离对滑动面位置和形状的影响较弱。     

LEM-DEM coupling for slope stability analysis

Slope stability analysis is a keen area of interest to researchers of geotechnical engineering and geological hazards. To date, the most popular approach applied in slope engineering design is the limit equilibrium method (LEM). However, for this method, some assumptions are required when obtaining the sliding force and the resistance force on the slide face. The discrete element method (DEM) presents an advantage in the calculation of the interaction forces between adjacent blocks without assumptions. This paper introduces a new slope stability analysis based on coupling of both approaches, herein referred to as LEM-DEM. The main LEM-DEM procedure is to transform the slice model of a slope in LEM into the DEM model and obtain the sliding force and the resistance force to calculate the factor of stability (Fos). The sensitivity analysis of the parameters in DEM, such as normal and shear stiffness, was conducted to illustrate that LEM-DEM suggests higher contact stiffness. A comparison between the Fos values in DEM and LEM-DEM was also conducted to indicate the rationality and advantages of LEM-DEM, especially for a gentle slope with a changing shear force direction in the slice model where the interslice forces in LEM are unreasonable. Furthermore, this study carried out a 3D landslide stability analysis extension, along with the results, for the proposed method.