纳米TiO2 /PMMA复合材料性能的研究

采用超声波分散技术,通过溶液共混制备出含不同比例纳米TiO2的TiO2/PMMA聚合物复合材料薄膜,并采用扫描电镜、物理机械性能测试、紫外-可见光谱等方法对复合材料的结构性能进行了分析.结果表明:超声波分散可以有效地防止纳米TiO2粒子团聚而使之充分分散于聚合物基体中;加入纳米TiO2的TiO2/PMMA复合材料紫外透过率大大降低.     

粉煤灰基NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

NH₃-SCR 是目前燃煤烟气脱硝最为有效的技术,其核心是催化剂的选择。粉煤灰廉价易得,含有一定的硅铝结构和孔结构,在经过负载及改性后用作催化剂呈现出良好的脱硝活性。本文探讨粉煤灰活性组分、制备方法、焙烧温度、前驱体等对脱硝的影响,介绍粉煤灰在 SCR 脱硝方面的研究进展。同时,针对粉煤灰的缺点对粉煤灰改性方法进行归纳,重点介绍酸改性和碱改性对催化剂性能的影响。此外,还简析了催化剂脱硝机理,详细介绍现阶段粉煤灰基脱硝催化剂的成型问题,其中挤压成型具有绝对优势而被大量研究。最后,指出粉煤灰基催化剂现有研究的不足和以后的研究方向,以期将其大规模应用于电厂脱硝,降低烟气脱硝成本。     

负载型V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2/堇青石脱硝催化剂的研制及性能

以TiO2/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,V2O5-WO3为活性组分,采用静态浸渍的方法制备了用于氨法选择性催化还原烟气中NO的SCR催化剂,通过XRD和BET对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了该催化剂的应用性能。考察了制备方法、温度、NO浓度、空速和NH3/NO对SCR反应的影响。结果表明,活性组分浸渍溶液中添加助溶剂对制备的催化剂活性有一定的影响,主要影响催化剂表面V2O5的聚集形态,导致脱硝活性下降;活性组分浸渍溶液中添加助溶剂时,可显著提高催化剂的脱硝活性,在反应温度为375℃、NH3/NO=1、空速为10 000h-1的条件下,所制备的催化剂的NO脱除率最高,可达99%。     

Comparative study on photocatalytic properties of TiO_2 nanoparticles prepared in acidic medium and basic medium by hydrothermal method

In order to investigate the difference of phtotocatalytic propenties of TiO_2 samples prepared in different pH conditions, TiO_2 nanoparticles were prepared in acidic medium and basic medium by a hydrothermal process,respectively.The samples were characterized using XRD,TEM, BET,XPS,surface photovoltage spectroscopy(SPS)and field-induced surface photovoltage spectroscopy(FISPS).Effects of temperature and pH in the hydrothermal process on particle sizes,specific surface areas,and photocatalytic properties of the TiO_2 nanocrystalline were investigated.The experimental results indicate that the photocatalysis activity of TiO_2 nanoparticles prepared in basic medium (B-TiO_2) is superior to that in acidic medium (A-TiO_2),which is ascribed to the difference of surface state between A-TiO_2 and B-TiO_2.     

TiO2／PBA／PMMA核壳粒子的制备与表征

纳米粒子是热力学不稳定体系，容易发生颗粒团聚。为了更好地改善纳米粒子的分散性,本文报道利用乳液聚合的方法制备以表面处理过的纳米二氧化钛为核丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的TiO2／PBA／PMMA复合粒子。分析二氧化钛、乳化剂、引发剂、反应温度和超声震荡时间等因素对聚合反应单体转化率的影响，并表征核壳复合粒子。结果表明，利用乳液聚合方法制备的二氧化钛粒子为核壳结构。平均粒径为251nm。其粒径分布较未改性纳米TiO2明显变窄,改善了纳米粒子的分散性。     

The Preparation of Porous Activated Slag Granules/TiO_2 Photocatalyst and Its De-NO_x Performance

The porous structure and honeycombed structure of granulated blast furnace slag formed by alkali activation (AGBFS) can be used as a promising photocatalysts substrate for the photocatalytic removal of atmospheric or water pollutants.In this study,photocatalytic activated slag granules were synthesized by loading TiO_2 on AGBFS with immersion method.The physicochemical properties and NO_x removal performance of activated slag granules/TiO_2 photocatalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photocatalytic performance test.The effects of slag particle sizes and nano-TiO_2 loading concentrations on photocatalytic efficiencies of NO_x removal were also investigated.It was found that the De-NO_x performance of activated slag granules/TiO_2 photocatalyst increased with the increasing of slag particle size in low TiO_2 loading concentration situation,while increasing the TiO_2 loading concentration would result in the opposite De-NO_x performance as slag size increased.Nevertheless,for the same size activated slag,the photocatalytic efficiency of activated slag granules/TiO_2 photocatalyst gradually improved with the increase of loading concentration of TiO_2.     

TiO_2/PBA/PMMA核壳粒子的制备与表征

纳米粒子是热力学不稳定体系,容易发生颗粒团聚。为了更好地改善纳米粒子的分散性,本文报道利用乳液聚合的方法制备以表面处理过的纳米二氧化钛为核丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的TiO2/PBA/PMMA复合粒子。分析二氧化钛、乳化剂、引发剂、反应温度和超声震荡时间等因素对聚合反应单体转化率的影响,并表征核壳复合粒子。结果表明,利用乳液聚合方法制备的二氧化钛粒子为核壳结构,平均粒径为251 nm,其粒径分布较未改性纳米TiO2明显变窄,改善了纳米粒子的分散性。     

纳米TiO2改性外墙涂料的研究

采用表面活性剂、机械分散和超声波分散等工艺,将纳米TiO2分散到传统外墙涂料中,并对其性能进行了研究.结果表明,在传统涂料中添加涂料总质量0.5%的纳米TiO2,可明显提高涂料的综合性能.讨论了纳米TiO2的用量及其与乳液的适应性问题.     

电厂宽负荷选择性催化还原脱硝技术改造

选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝技术是我国电厂常用的脱硝技术。该技术运行中对烟气温度的要求比较严格,需要控制好SCR脱硝系统的入口烟温。针对这一问题,从影响SCR脱硝效率的关键因素及常见的宽负荷脱硝技术改进方案入手进行了分析。通过宽负荷脱硝技术改造,明显提高了SCR脱硝系统的入口烟温,进而提高了脱硝效率,减少了氨逃逸率,为电力行业脱硝技术发展提供了实际参考。     

均匀沉淀法制备钴蓝颜料的研究

研究了用尿素为均匀沉淀剂，在液相中制备钴蓝资料的方法，探讨了制备钴蓝前驱体过程中尿素的水解行为及表征，研究了钴蓝前驱体制备过程中的成核机理，并对所制产品与传统干法产品进行了比较，结果表明，均匀沉淀法制备钴蓝颜料比干法焙烧温度低，晶型好，粒度均匀，粒子形貌整齐，性能优异。     

V_2O_5-沸石-活性炭-凹土脱硝催化剂的研制及脱硝性能

稻壳炭化后添加碱液和铝源分别合成了A型、A+X型和X型沸石-活性炭复合材料,加入凹凸棒石黏土成型,采用浸渍法负载V2O5制备V2O5-沸石-活性炭-凹土复合脱硝催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附和EDX对样品进行表征,考察载体类型、V2O5含量和反应温度对催化剂低温脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,二元载体和V2O5协同催化脱硝,其脱硝率高于纯凹土制备的脱硝催化剂。催化剂脱硝活性随V2O5含量的增加而降低。反应温度越高,催化剂脱硝活性越高,最佳的反应温度为250℃,温度大于280℃后活性炭被氧化。     

基于折纸技术制造的蜂巢结构的力学性能

蜂巢夹层结构材料因具有高强度、轻质量的优势正在逐渐取代传统的结构材料,并广泛地应用于汽车、船舶以及航空航天领域。然而,这种材料在制造过程中生产工艺比较复杂,特别是针对具有不规则断面的蜂巢结构,容易在弯曲、切削等二次加工时出现制造上的缺陷和损伤,从而影响结构本身的力学性能。为避免二次加工,文章利用折纸技术的原理,设计并制作了2种蜂巢结构试样。通过弯曲和压缩性能测试,研究了蜂巢结构的变形行为和力学性能。在室温下获得的载荷-位移曲线表明,变形过程大致分为线弹性、塑性平台和致密化3个区域。实验结果表明:蜂巢结构的弯曲刚度和抗压强度分别约为0.32 kN·m2和0.39 MPa;揭示了基于折纸技术制造的蜂巢结构具有良好的力学性能。     

用光子相关光谱法测定纳米TiO2粒度分布的分散方法研究

采用光子相关光谱法测试锐钛型纳米TiO2的平均粒度时不同分散方法对测试结果的影响。通过控制超声时间、分散剂用量、Zeta电位等条件找到了适于该法测试纳米粉体的最佳分散条件。实验结果表明:当选用浓度为0.1g/50ml,六偏磷酸钠为分散添加剂时,对分散体系超声分散15min,调节pH>4的条件下,为用光子相关光谱法测定纳米TiO2粒度的最佳分散方法。     

Simulation of the Ultrasonic Precipitation Process of Nano-hydroxyapatite by an Artificial Neural Network

1Introduction Hydroxyapatite(HA)hasbeenwidelyconsideredas oneofthemostimportantbioceramicsformedicalandden talapplicationssuchasdentalimplants,alveolarbridgeaugmentation,orthopaedics,maxillofacialsurgeryanddrug deliverysystemsduetoitsbiocompatibility,andc…     

Cr2O3在一维TiO2中的掺杂行为

以硝酸铬和四氯化钛为前驱体,采用化学共沉淀法制得TiO2和Cr2O3的复合粉体。将复合粉体进行水热处理,用透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、电子衍射、X射线衍射以及紫外-可见光谱吸收仪等测试手段对样品的形貌和成份以及光吸收性进行了分析。结果表明,水热处理后得到一维管状结构,其管长500~600 nm,直径10~20nm,壁厚4~6 nm。研究还发现,与纯的TiO2相比,Cr2O3/TiO2复合粉体的紫外-可见光吸收光谱显著红移。     

Mechanical properties of autoclaved shell-aggregate

Waste solid propylene oxide sludge (POS) and fly ash were used as main raw material to prepare propylene oxide sludge aggregate (POSA) under the condition of autoclaved (180 ℃,1.0 MPa) curing. Three different test methods namely cylinder compressive strength (CCS), individual aggregate compressive strength (IACS) and strength contribution rate (SCR) proposed were used to characterize the mechanical properties of the autoclaved POSA. POS shell-aggregate with SCR of 94% were prepared under the hydrothermal synthesis and autoclaved curing. The experimental results indicate that CCS and IACS have good consistency in characterizing mechanical properties of POSA. It is suggested that SCR not only can characterize the strength of POSA core, but also can reflect the effect of shell on the performance of POSA. By means of least square method, relationships between CCS and IACS, CCS and SCR, IACS and SCR were deduced.     

燃煤烟气污染物脱除技术研究进展

烟气除尘技术由静电除尘、袋式除尘,发展到电袋复合除尘。烟气脱硫有干法、半干法、湿法等多种技术,但目前应用最广的仍是石灰石-石膏湿法。电厂烟气脱硝主要采用选择性催化还原技术,其关键在于低负荷、全负荷烟气脱硝催化剂的开发以及催化剂的再生。活性炭喷射是烟气脱汞较为成熟的技术,但其成本高昂,并影响飞灰的综合利用,近年来,催化烟气脱汞技术得到了发展,并取得了一系列成果。多种污染物联合脱除技术可减少单种污染物各自脱除的运行成本,已成为发展趋势。     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by CdS quantum dots sensitized platelike WO_3 photoelectrodes

CdS quantum dots sensitized platelike WO_3 photoelectrodes were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and a modified chemical bath deposition(CBD) technique.To further improve the stability of the photoelectrodes in alkaline environment,the platelike WO_3 films were treated with TiCl_4 to form a nano-TiO_2 buffer layer on the WO_3 plate surface before loading CdSQDs.The resulting electrodes were characterized by using XRD,SEM,HR-TEM and UV-vis spectrum.The photocatalytic activity of the resulting electrodes was investigated by degradation of methyl orange(MO) in aqueous solution.The photoelectrochemical(PEC) property of the resulting electrodes was also characterized by the linear sweep voltammetry.The results of both the degradation of MO and photocurrent tests indicated that the as-prepared CdSQDs sensitized WO_3 platelike photoelectrodes exhibit a significant improvement in photocatalytic degradation and PEC activity under visible light irradiation,compared with unsupported CdSQDs electrodes.Significantly,coating the WO_3 plates with nano-TiO_2 obviously facilitate the charge separation and retards the charge-pair recombination,and results in a highest activity for QDsCdS/TiO_2/WO_3 photoelectrodes.     

制备方法对负载型FeS/Al_2O_3催化剂催化性能的影响

用原位合成法、水热法、共沉淀法和浸渍沉淀法分别制备了负载型纳米Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂前驱体,并进一步将其还原和硫化制成FeS/Al2O3催化剂用于H2S分解制氢的反应中,同时用BET、XRD、TPR和IR等对催化剂或前驱体的比表面积、晶相结构、孔径分布、还原性和吸附性等进行了表征。结果表明,原位合成法制备的FeS/Al2O3催化剂平均粒径较小,比表面积较大,有利于催化剂的还原和硫化,H2S在该催化剂表面形成的化学吸附态较强,H2S容易发生解离,初活性高于其他方法制备的催化剂,反应60 h后催化剂的活性没有出现明显下降。     

Effect of crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag on mechanical properties of concrete

Morphology characteristics of mix aggregates with crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag(SCR) and crushed limestone(LCR) with 5-20 mm and 20-40 mm gradation were represented by numerical parameters including angularity number(AN) and index of aggregate particle shape and texture(IAPST).The effect of mix aggregates containing SCR on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete was investigated.Fracture characteristics of concrete,interfacial structure between aggregates and matrix were analyzed.The experimental results show that porous and rough SCR increases contact area with matrix in concrete,concave holes and micro-pores on the surface of SCR are filled by mortar and hydrated cement paste,which may increase interlocking and mechanical bond between aggregate and matrix in concrete.SCR can be used to produce a high-strength concrete with better mechanical properties than corresponding concrete made with LCR.The increase of AN and IAPST of aggregate may enhance mechanical properties of concrete.