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本文研究了胡椒单萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌(L.monocytogenes)的抑菌机制,通过分析单增李斯特菌差异蛋白、呼吸链复合体以及三磷酸腺苷酶(ATP酶)等指标,根据同源建模与分子对接技术探索其作用靶点。添加胡椒单萜类化合物可显著抑制单增李斯特菌的生长(p<0.05),同时Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、呼吸链复合体I~V活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),其中复合体V在蛋白水平显著下调。胡椒单萜类化合物可使单增李斯特菌细胞膜通透性发生变化,抑制ATPase和呼吸链复合体活性,使得ATP合成减少,从而导致菌体衰亡。这为胡椒单萜类化合物应用于食品保鲜提供理论基础。 相似文献
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将不同浓度的萜类化合物添加至单增李斯特菌培养基中,对照组中不添加萜类化合物,通过对单增李斯特菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、菌落数、形态和电导率等指标的测定和分析,探究胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌的抑菌机理。结果表明,胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌的MIC为0.05%。添加0.1%萜类化合物可显著抑制单增李斯特菌的生长(P<0.05),使单增李斯特菌细胞膜通透性发生变化,细菌内容物大量流失,菌体相互黏连、衰亡。胡椒油中萜类化合物应用于冷鲜肉保鲜可有效减缓菌落总数的增长,相较于对照组在冷藏后12 h时菌落数已超出国家标准(6.0 lg CFU/g),加入0.1%萜类化合物能够使冷鲜肉菌落数在24 h时仍然处于较低水平。本研究探讨了胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌的抑菌机理并将其用于冷鲜肉的保鲜,这有利于对胡椒油的开发利用,也为日后将其应用于肉制品保鲜领域提供理论基础。 相似文献
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黄酮类化合物具有多种生物活性,能与食品中的某些成分发生相互作用,影响食品的品质;反之食品成分也会对黄酮类化合物的生物活性产生影响,因此黄酮类化合物和食品成分如蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的相互作用研究,受到国内外的广泛关注。作者综述了黄酮类化合物和食品中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物相互作用的研究现状,对其发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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动物性食品来源的发酵食品具有独特的口感、风味和天然的益生功能,是生物活性肽的天然宝库,目前,已有大量生物活性肽从中分离鉴定出来,并通过实验验证了生理功能。文章综述了发酵动物性食品来源生物活性肽的分类、提取、分离纯化和结构分析方法,并阐述了各种方法在干腌火腿、奶酪等发酵动物性食品中的应用,以期为进一步挖掘目标生物活性肽提供参考。为了提高科研效率,一些生物信息学网址提供的软件和功能团模型可实现对肽段进行高效的虚拟筛选,结合分子对接和分子动力学模拟等新型生物信息学技术,阐明生物活性肽发挥功能活性的作用机制,文章深入分析生物活性肽肽段序列常用的生物信息学研究工具,并且探讨了发酵动物性食品中生物活性肽的形成机理,旨在为进一步研究发酵动物性食品的加工过程对其生物活性肽的活性和含量的影响提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国食品学报》2017,(6)
多酚是人类膳食中最丰富的抗氧化剂之一。许多研究表明其具有抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护、心脏保护、癌症预防、抗肥胖等多种生物学功效。就多酚而言,膳食中的多酚类化合物对人体的健康作用最终取决于其加工过程。例如:热处理作为食品加工与保藏中改善食品品质,延长食品贮藏期的最有效且最广泛使用的方法,其对多酚化学和生物活性的改变不容忽视。就食品而言,对于富含膳食多酚的食品,热加工可能导致食品营养价值的改变。将益于人体健康的多酚类化合物作为添加剂添加到食品中,可能进一步参与复杂食品体系的反应,发生一系列化学变化和生物活性变化,进而对食品的最终品质及人体健康功效产生影响。本文对多酚类化合物在食品热加工中的化学和生物活性变化,以及对食品品质影响的研究进展做总结,以期为研究者更好地探寻多酚类化合物在食品加工过程中的量、质变规律,食品多相体系中的生物活性变化以及在健康安全膳食中的应用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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采后苯并噻重氮处理对‘玉金香’甜瓜单萜类香气及其代谢关键酶的影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以‘玉金香’甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)为实验材料,监测采后常温贮藏期间单萜类香气组分代谢l-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶(l-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase,DXR)活力及其单萜类香气组分的变化,探讨采后苯并噻重氮(benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester,BTH)诱抗处理对DXR活力和单萜类香气构成的影响,分析DXR活力与单萜类香气物质释放量的相关性。结果表明:贮藏期间,样品中共检出9 种单萜类香气组分,其中8 种单萜类香气物质含量与DXR活力呈正相关;采后BTH处理抑制了甜瓜DXR活力和单萜类香气物质的释放,延迟了DXR活力峰值出现,改变了单萜类香气释放规律及其释放量与DXR活力的相关性。与CC组(蒸馏水浸泡)相比,BTH处理组果皮、果肉样DXR活力分别降低了19.48%、25.49%;条件因子水可增大DXR活力峰值,但对DXR活力和单萜类香气的影响无明显规律。由此可见,采后BTH处理可通过抑制‘玉金香’甜瓜DXR活力,延迟活性峰值出现,改变单萜类香气释放量与DXR活力的相关性,影响单萜类香气的释放。 相似文献
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Release of isoprene and monoterpenes during the aerobic decomposition of orange wastes from laboratory incubation experiments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The release of isoprene and 12 monoterpenes during the decomposition of orange wastes was studied under controlled aerobic conditions in laboratory for a period of 2 months. Monoterpenes (mainly limonene, beta-myrcene, sabinene, and alpha-pinene) dominated among the released volatile organic compounds, but isoprene was only a very minor constituent. Two time windows with peak microbial activity were indicated by CO2 emission fluxes and waste temperature, both of which reached their maximums 3-4 days and 15-20 days after the incubation, respectively. Although isoprene had only one emission peak synchronizing with the first peak microbial activity, monoterpenes had relatively high emission rates, but they decreased at the beginning without correlation to the first peak of microbial activity, due largely to direct volatilization of these monoterpenes primarily present in orange substrates as inherited constituents. However, after the initial decrease the emission rates of monoterpenes rose again in conjunction with the second peak of microbial activity, indicating secondary production of these monoterpenes through microbial activity. On the basis of monitored emission fluxes, the amounts of secondarily formed monoterpenes from microbial activity well surpassed those inherited in the orange wastes. Production of total terpenes reached 1.10 x 10(4) mg kg(-1) (dry weight), of which limonene alone was 63%. For either limonene or total terpenes, about 95% of their emission occurred in the first 30 days, implying that organic wastes might give off considerable amount of terpenes during early disposal under aerobic conditions before the conventional anaerobic landfilling, and emission measurements just in landfills might underestimate the waste-related emissions of reactive organic gases. 相似文献
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Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase partitioning with molecular data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new model for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is presented for biogenic compounds. It is based to the extent possible on experimental molecular SOA data, and it is compatible with any existing gas-phase chemical kinetic mechanism. Six SOA precursors or groups of precursors are used to represent biogenic monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. SOA formation is modeled using five SOA surrogates to represent classes of compounds with different partitioning properties, e.g., hydrophobicity, aqueous solubility, acid dissociation, and saturation vapor pressure. Model simulations are evaluated against smog chamber data for SOA yields and some adjustments are made to uncertain stoichiometric coefficients and saturation vapor pressure parameters to improve model performance. The model is applied undertypical atmospheric conditions to exemplify the effect of relative humidity on SOA formation and the relative contributions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic SOA. 相似文献
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后生元指益生菌在发酵过程中产生的对健康有益的生物活性化合物(包括益生菌代谢物、细胞组分,或它们的混合物),如短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids, SCFA)、色胺、肽、磷壁酸、肽聚糖、多糖、有机酸和脂质等。通过重点对后生元的产生途径、生产菌、生物活性、潜在作用机制以及其在食品中的应用前景概述表明,与益生菌相比,后生元具有化学结构清晰、安全剂量高、保质期长等优点;后生元具有抗炎、抑菌、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肥胖、抗高血压、降血脂、保肝、促进伤口愈合等生物活性,在开发新型健康功能食品方面具有广阔前景,但其生理作用确切的机制尚未完全阐明。 相似文献
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The toxic activity of some characteristic monoterpenoids: p-cymene, -pinene, camphor, linalool, terpineol, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, anethole, carvacrol, thymol, estragole and eugenol, was tested against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), a bruchid pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A fumigant toxic effect was observed and LC50 concentrations for 24h and 48h were calculated for adults.
Besides this effect, a reproductive inhibition was observed. This inhibition involved female fecundity, oviposition, and the development of neonate and intracotyledonal larvae. The effects of monoterpenes on oviposition, larval penetration inside the seeds and emergence were determined. All monoterpenes revealed a more or less pronounced vapour toxicity and significantly inhibited beetle reproduction. Oxygenated monoterpenoids: carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, linalool and terpineol were identified as the most efficient compounds in both respects and the structure-activity relationship is discussed. 相似文献
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Human nutrition science has greatly developed in the past decades, turning from the consideration of foods as simply energy sources to the recognition of their role in maintaining health and in reducing disease risks: Foodomics is a new science that studies Food and Nutrition domains through the application and integration of advanced “omics” technologies to improve consumer's well-being, health, and knowledge. In recent years, wild food plants have become very attractive to the food industry, prompting their use as replacements for synthetic chemicals and nutraceuticals: in this sense, mulberry is a very important resource for its phytochemical composition, nutritional value, and antioxidant properties.The aim of this study was to describe mulberry fruit quality traits and report on the level of potentially bioactive compounds (HPLC fingerprint) and their influence on total fruit phytocomplex and antioxidant activity in comparison to the most common fruits.Mulberry was identified as a rich source of antioxidant compounds; the observed analytical fingerprint demonstrated that the species (and in particular the considered genotype) represents a rich source of phytochemicals, as organic acids, monoterpenes and polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonols and anthocyanins, which led to reasonably good overall fruit quality.This study developed an important tool to assess mulberry quality, chemical composition, and bioactivity, using different chromatographic methods for comprehensive authentication and quality control of its fruits: this research showed that analytical fingerprinting could be an important tool for studies of Foodomics, helping to find new sources of natural health-promoting compounds. 相似文献
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花色苷分子结构修饰及其生理活性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
花青素是植物界分布最广、种类众多的一类天然色素,是植物的主要呈色物质,在自然界中多以糖苷(花色苷)的形式存在,具有多种重要的生理功能和生物活性。花色苷具有酚羟基,结构稳定性较差,易受外界条件如pH值、温度、光、O2、金属离子和酶等因素的影响,在食品加工中易分解失去原有的鲜艳颜色,限制了花色苷的贮藏和在食品加工领域中的应用。花色苷分子结构修饰可增加其对外界环境和食品添加剂及食品加工中的稳定性,使其在较大pH值范围内呈现良好色泽。本文系统介绍了不同类型(花色苷酰基化、花色苷酯基化及形成吡喃类衍生物)花色苷结构修饰的原料来源、结构特征及其生理活性,为进一步开展花色苷的结构稳定性与生理活性研究及其在食品加工领域中的护色与应用提供参考。 相似文献