Corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Sn-Ga alloy in NaCl solution

The corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Sn-Ga alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by corrosion morphology observation and electrochemical testing. The experimental results show that there exist three stages during the course of corrosion. At the initial stage, pitting occurs surrounding the precipitates, which is driven by the galvanic couple effect. At the middle stage, pitting rapidly extends toward the horizontal direction, forming the shallow circular structure caused by the deposition of Ga ions around Sn. At the final stage, the new active sites led to the continuous corrosion of the alloy.     

不锈钢在NaCl溶液和海水中的腐蚀行为

用动电位扫描法测定了几种不锈钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液和海水中的阳极极化曲线。研究了Ａ７２５Ｍ０２Ｔｉ及Ｒ１系列的不锈钢在二种腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为，并与含Ｃｌ－的Ｈ３ＰＯ４溶液中几种不锈钢的腐蚀特征进行了比较。结果表明，在不同的腐蚀介质中，各种不锈铜的腐蚀行为不同，铬、铂、镍等合金元素对不锈钢的耐蚀性能有很大影响。几种不锈钢在含Ｃｌ－的Ｈ３ＰＯ４溶液中其极化曲线具有典型的活化—钝化极化曲线的特征，而在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液和海水中，除了Ａ７２５外，其它几种不锈钢极化曲线上的钝化区很小或没有钝化区．Ａ７２５，Ｒ（１０）及Ｍ０２Ｔｉ等三种不锈铜均出现点蚀的情况．     

Effects of Strain Rate on Stress Corrosion of S355 Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solutions

The stress corrosion of S355 steel in 3.5% NaCl solution under the different strain rates was analyzed with the slow strain rate test(SSRT), the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) behaviors of S355 steel under the different strain rates in the solution were investigated, and the fracture morphologies and compositions of corrosion products under the different strain rates were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometerry(EDS), respectively. The experimental results show that the SCC sensitivity index is the highest when the strain rate is 2×10-6, and the medium corrosion is the main reason resulting in the highest SCC sensitivity index. The SCC sensitivity index is the least when the strain rate is 5×10-6, and the stress is the main reason resulting in the stress corrosion. The SCC sensitivity index is the middle when the strain rate is 9×10-6, the interaction of stress and medium is the stress corrosion fracture mechanism.     

温度对316L不锈钢在3.5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法,研究了在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中温度对316L不锈钢(316L SS)腐蚀行为的影响,采用Mott-Schottky316L SS腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明,在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中,随着温度的逐渐升高,316L SS在该溶液中的开路电位和腐蚀电位逐渐变负,自腐蚀电流密度逐渐增大,钝化膜电阻和点蚀电位也逐渐减小。对表面腐蚀形貌进行观察的结果表明,随着温度的升高,316L SS表面腐蚀坑直径逐渐增大,数量逐渐增多。这主要因为温度的升高降低了316L SS表面钝化膜的致密度,增大了表面钝化膜的溶解速度,使其抗腐蚀性能下降。     

Corrosion mechanism of HVOF silicate glass coating in 5% NaCl solution

On the basis of good anticorrosion capability of silicate glass,silicate glass coating was sprayed by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and the corrosion mechanism in 5% NaCl solution was studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) ,energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) ,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiom- eter were used to study the coating composition and corrosion process. The result shows that silicate glass coating is entirely noncrystallizable. Silicate glass coating has very low incidence of hole with compact structure. Electric double-layer can form at coating/solution interface and corrosive solution performs as a lead connecting the coating surface and substrate after permeating through glass coating. The corrosion mechanism of silicate glass coating is similar to that of glass and the entire corrosion process can be divided into some states. The whole corrosion process happens in glass coating without substrate basically. The fluctuation of the self-corrosion potential about glass coating in corrosion solution can help to research the corrosion process.     

Corrosion mechanism and corrosion model of Mg-Y alloy in NaCl solution

Corrosion of Mg–Y alloy was studied using electrochemical evaluations, immersion tests and SEM observations. Corrosion mechanisms of Mg-(0.25 and 2.5) Y alloy and Mg-(5, 8, and 15) Y alloy were uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion respectively, and the content of Mg_(24)Y_5 phases determined its effect acting as cathode to accelerate the corrosion or corrosion barrier to inhibit the corrosion. Corrosion resistance of Mg-(0.25, 2.5, 5, 8, and 15) Y alloys was as follows: Rt(Mg-0.25Y) Rt(Mg-8Y) Rt(Mg-15Y) Rt(Mg-5Y) Rt(Mg-2.5Y). Y could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Y alloy, but the excess of Y deteriorated the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Y alloy. The optimum content of Y in the studied alloys was 2.5%.     

7A52铝合金电化学局部腐蚀行为

为进一步研究7A52铝合金的耐蚀性能和应力腐蚀敏感性,运用电化学方法研究了7A52铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的局部腐蚀行为.用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察了腐蚀形貌.试验结果表明,Mg₂Si首先发生阳极溶解,一些尺寸较小的Mg₂Si被完全腐蚀,产生自身的点蚀坑.然后Mg₂Si的电位正移与周围基体形成新的腐蚀电偶,其边缘基体作为阳极被腐蚀.被腐蚀的基体形成空穴,Al3+在空穴中聚集并水解,空穴中产生酸性环境.被空穴包围的Mg₂Si脱离基体,形成更大的点蚀坑.AlMnFe在整个试验中并未发生腐蚀.     

Hot deformation behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy with acicular microstructure

The characteristics of hot deformation of an α+β titanium alloy Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si with acicular microstructure were studied using isothermal hot compressive tests in a strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1 at 860-1 100 °C. The true stress-true strain curves of alloy hot-compressed in the α+β region exhibit a peak stress followed by continuous flow softening; whereas in the β region,the flow stress attains a steady-state regime. At a strain rate of 10 s-1 and in a wide temperature range,the alloy exhibit...     

Electrochemical behavior of diverse vanadium ions at modified graphite felt electrode in sulphuric solution

PAN-based graphite felt (PGF) treated in 98% sulphuric acid for 5 h and then kept at 450 ℃ for 2 h was evaluated for their electrochemical performance as electrodes of vanadium redox battery (VRB). Structure and characteristic of treated PAN-based graphite felt (TPGF) were determined by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis and VRB test system. The results show that the acid and heat synergistic effect increase the number of —COOH functional groups on the PGF surface, and the PGF is eroded by sulphuric acid oxidation, resulting in the surface area increases from 0.31 m2/g to 0.45 m2/g. The V(Ⅱ)/V(Ⅲ) redox reaction is electrochemically reversible on the TPGF electrode, while the V(Ⅳ)/V(Ⅴ) couple is a quasi reversible process. The diffusion coefficients of the oxidation for V(Ⅳ)/V(Ⅴ) obtained from the scope of peak current Ip vs scan rate v1/2 is 4.4×10-5 cm2/s. The improvement of electrochemical activity for the electrode is mainly ascribed to the increase of the number of —COOH groups on the TPGF, which behaves as active sites catalyzing the vanadium species reactions and accelerating electron transfer reaction and oxygen transfer.     

Galvanic corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy in chloride solution

The galvanic corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy coupled with H62 brass, 316L stainless steel, A3steel and LY12 aluminum alloy of different areas in 3.5% NaC1 solution was studied. The free corrosion potentials, galvanic potentials and currents of these galvanic couples were measured. The galvanic effects were determined by the mass loss and regression method using three points. The results show that: (1) In these four kinds of couples AZ91D acts as the anode, whose galvanic corrosion behavior is mainly controlled by the cathodic polarization; (2) The free corrosion potentials of these four kinds of couples change a liffle with time and cathodic/anodic area ratio (CAAR); (3) The galvanic potential of AZ91D/LY12 moves positively with the increase of time and CAAR; (4) The galvanic currents increase with CAAR, but there is difference in the current change between different couples; (5) The anodic dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy increases by 2-3 orders after being coupled with these four kinds of metals and the galvanic effects of these couples have such a relation as γH62＞γ316LS.S＞γLY12 ＞γA3.     

现役管道内涂层在NaCl溶液中的电化学行为

为了解并掌握在役管道的内涂层性能及失效过程,保障下游用气质量和相关输气系统的安全,保证应用内涂层技术所带来的社会性和经济性.文中采用电化学交流阻抗技术研究了某干线服役近5年的天然气管道减阻内涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明：服役近5年后的环氧涂层由于存在一定量的孔道,使水分子很容易到达涂层/基底金属界面,经过了24 h浸泡后,涂层电阻从109Ω.cm2迅速降到小于106Ω.cm2.当涂层电阻降低到104Ω.cm2,涂层性能劣化,出现鼓泡,得出涂层的阻抗模型以及浸泡不同时间涂层的电容和电阻值.     

Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution

The corrosion fatigue behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied at different cyclic stress levels in 3.5%NaCl (mass fraction, so as the follows) solution (pH = 7) at 50℃. The results showed that DSS was susceptible to pitting Corrosion and Corrosion fa- tigue. Both Intergranluar Corrosion cracking and transgranlular corrosion cracking initiated at the bottom of pitting holes. Furthermore, the corrosion fatigue properties of DSS in 3.5%NaCl solution may be relatived to complex electrochemical and mechanical coupling effects between the three phases (austenite, ferrite and medensite), where martensite and ferrite were anodic in the corrosion cell and could be prone to cracking under certain condition.     

Incubation and development of corrosion in microstructures of low alloy steels under a thin liquid film of NaCl aqueous solution

Electrochemical measurement,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of some low alloy steels.The steels were held under a thin liquid film of 0.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution.It is found that the steels with the same chemical composition but different microstructures exhibit obviously different corrosion behaviors.However,the corrosum behavior of the steels with different compositions but the same microstructures may be suuilar in the present investigation.The corrosion rate of bainite is slower than that of ferrite and pearlite.The corrosion products of bainite are uniform and fine.The size of carbon-rich phases produces a great impact on the corrosion of the steels,whether in the initial stage or in the long term It is easy to induce large pitting for carbon-rich phases with large size,which damages the compactness of the rust layer.     

Microstructure and tensile creep resistance of Mg-5.5%Zn-(0.7%, 1.5%, 3.5%, 7.5%)Y alloys

The tensile creep resistance of Mg-5.5%Zn-(0.7%, 1.5%, 3.5%, 7.5%)Y(mass fraction, %) gravity-casting alloys was investigated systematically. The corresponding physical models were established for analyzing the microstructure evolution and creep mechanism. The results show that four second phases are found in Mg-5.5%Zn-(0.7%, 1.5%, 3.5%, 7.5%)Y alloys, including Mg3 Zn Y, Mg3Zn6 Y, Mg3Zn3Y2 and Mg7Zn3, where the rare earth rich phase(Mg3Zn Y, Mg3Zn6 Y, Mg3Zn3Y2) with high melting point can more effectively improve the creep resistance properties of alloys than Mg7Zn3. With the increasing of Y content, the creep resistance of alloys is improved correspondingly. The alloys with(1.5%, 3.5%)Y addition exhibit high creep resistance at temperatures from 175 °C to 200 °C and load from 55 MPa to 70 MPa. The 7.5%Y added alloy presents excellent creep resistance even at 275 °C and 55 MPa. The second phase which shows discontinuous distribution at the grain boundary of(0.7%, 1.5%, 3.5%)Y added alloys has preferred orientation and clogs in triple junctions of grain boundary. Simultaneously, the arrangement of second phase particles along tensile direction and the formation of denuded zones are observed during the creep process. Moreover, the crack initiates in these areas and propagates along grain boundary. Compared with discontinuous second phase, the continuous skeleton-like second phase of 7.5%Y added alloy at grain boundary has a better effect on improving the creep resistance properties of alloys.     

电沉积Ni La P合金上析氢的研究

在１ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 　ＫＯＨ 水溶液中测量了Ｎｉ 电极和Ｎｉ Ｌａ Ｐ合金电极上析氢反应的极化曲线．实验结果表明,与镍电极相比,Ｎｉ Ｌａ Ｐ合金电极上析氢的速度比Ｎｉ 电极约大１０ 倍,析氢电势正移２００ ～３００ ｍＶ（ 在ｉｃ ＝ １００～１５０ｍＡ·ｃｍ － ２） ．显示出Ｎｉ Ｌａ Ｐ合金具有较高的析氢催化活性,有利于降低槽电压,减少能耗．     

Ion specificity in NaCl solution confined in silicon nanochannels

Ion specificity of Na+and Cl ions for NaCl solution confined in silicon nanochannels is investigated with molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The MD simulation results demonstrate that ion specificity for Na+and Cl ions exhibits clearly in nanochannels with high surface charge density.The two types of ions show different density distributions perpendicular to the channel surface due to the ion specificity when they act as counterions near negatively and positively charged surfaces,respectively.Both the two counterion distributions cannot be predicted by Poisson-Boltzmann equation within 0.75 nm near the surface.In addition,the ion specificity is also demonstrated through affecting the water density distributions.In the nanochannel with negatively charged surfaces,the presence of the Na+ions reduces the number of water peaks in water density distribution profile.In comparison,when the Cl ions act as counterions near positively charged surfaces,they do not affect the number of the water peaks.Besides the influence on the water density distribution,ion specificity also exhibits through affecting the water molecule orientation in the adsorbed layer.It is found that Cl ions make the water molecules in the adsorbed layer align more orderly than Na+ions do when the two types of ions act as the counterions near the positively and negatively charged surfaces with the same surface charge density.     

Localized Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of AA7003 in a 3.5 wt% NaCl Aqueous Solution

The microstructure,localized corrosion (LC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy (AA7003) under various aging treatments (peak aging (PA),double peak aging (DPA),regression and re-aging (RRA)) were investigated by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) and slow strain rate tensile test.The results of TEM showed a discontinuous distribution of grain boundary precipitates of AA7003 under DPA and RRA treatments,which is beneficial for increasing the resistance of LC and SCC.Meanwhile,LC was found initiating firstly on intermetallics which caused the dissolution of surrounding matrix,then pitting holes were formed and developed into matrix.In addition,the SCC process of AA7003 could be divided into two stages,i e,initial pre-cracking and breeding cracking.The EIS analysis,cross-section morphologies and fracture surfaces of specimens indicated that DPA and RRA treatments significantly decreased the crack growth rate during breeding cracking stage,especially for RRA treatment.     

Ionization behavior of deep level donors in passive film formed on surface of stainless steel in 5% salt solution

Deep level donor's ionization behavior of passive film formed on the surface of stainless steel was investigated by Mott-Schottky plots.It is indicated that transformation process of deep level donors' ionization behavior of passive film on surface of stainless steel can be divided into 4 stages with rising immersion time.At the initial immersion stage(10 min),Fe(Ⅱ) located in the octahedral sites of the unit cell is not ionized and the deep level does not appear in Mott-Schottky plots.At the second stage(9...     

NaCl 溶液中回收AZ31 镁合金的腐蚀和电化学特性

利用熔炼工艺,将回收镁合金型材(RMA)进行了制备。在回收过程中,添加适量的Al、MnCl_2,最终得到合金AZ31,其中各元素质量分数如下:Al 3.31%、Zn 0.82%、Mn 0.27%、Fe 0.002%、Cu 0.004%、Ni 0.000 7%,剩余为Mg。研究了RMA的结构、在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀和电化学特性,并与商业化镁合金(CMA)进行了对比。X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜表明, RMA和CMA主要由镁基底组成,另外还有少量的Mg_(17)Al_(12)第二相。在NaCl溶液中进行的腐蚀试验和电化学特性研究表明, RMA抗腐蚀特性差于CMA,这可能与RMA中有更多的第二相有关。将两种合金作为镁电池原型器件的负极材料,进行放电性能测试。结果表明, RMA的放电时间和放电容量优于CMA。当NaCl电解质溶液浓度从0.6 mol/L增加至0.9 mol/L时,两种合金材料的放电时间和放电容量都得到了增加。