上面发酵啤酒的生产

本文介绍了德国几种典型的上面发酵法小麦啤酒的生产方法及啤酒特性。     

控制上面发酵小麦啤酒中高级醇含量的研究进展

高级醇是啤酒中主要的风味物质,适量的高级醇能赋予啤酒丰满的口感,增加酒体的协调性,高级醇过量则会给啤酒带来异杂味并引起人体某些疾病。该文对高级醇的性质,测定方法,在啤酒中的代谢途径,影响其含量的因素以及降低上面发酵小麦啤酒中高级醇含量的研究情况进行了综述。     

五十吨上面发酵小麦啤酒中试生产工艺技术研究

介绍了 5 0t上面发酵小麦啤酒中试生产工艺技术及质量控制标准     

50t上面发酵小麦啤酒中试生产工艺技术研究

小麦啤酒是以小麦麦芽为主要原料(占原料总量的40％以上)，采用上面酵母发酵酿制而成。该实验对50t上面发酵小麦啤酒进行了研究，低蛋白白皮软质小麦麦芽、优质大麦麦芽、大米、酒花的选取及合理配比是小麦啤酒风味及质量的可靠保证；双醪浸出糖化工艺操作简便，是可行的；合理调整发酵接种量、接种温度、主发酵温度及发酵罐压力等工艺参数：对改善小麦啤酒风味，提高小麦啤酒质量起到了至关重要的作用；小麦啤酒成品稳定性测试取得了满意的结果。     

100m3发酵罐上面发酵小麦啤酒生产工艺技术研究

详细介绍了100立方米发酵罐上面发酵小麦啤酒生产工艺技术及质量控制标准.     

上面发酵小麦啤酒4-乙烯基愈创木酚含量的研究

从特色风味物质4-乙烯基愈创木酚入手,优化上面发酵小麦啤酒的生产工艺,即小麦麦芽比例为45%;糖化时37℃投料,45 ℃保温30 min,48℃保温加min,52℃保温20 min,65℃保温75 min,75℃保温15 min,78℃保温10 min;采用DM354酵母;入罐温度14℃,主发酵温度16℃,并确定4-乙烯基愈创木酚含量在2.1 mg/L～2.8 mg/L之间时,既有区别于普通下面发酵啤酒的突出香味,而又不很浓郁,使其适合中国消费者的口味和要求.     

上面发酵啤酒的生产

本文介绍了德国几种典型的上面发酵法小麦啤酒的生产方法及啤酒特性     

上面发酵小麦啤酒酵母发酵性能的比较研究

采用3株上面发酵酵母在相同条件下酿造了同等浓度(11°Bx)的小麦啤酒,在此过程中对各种酵母在扩培期的悬浮细胞数、酵母的凝聚性、外观糖度的变化、双乙酰的还原以及高级醇和酯类物质的形成进行了跟踪检测比较,并测定了啤酒的各种理化指标。结合它们所酿制啤酒的感官品评,得出了它们各自的优良特性。     

小麦啤酒上面啤酒酵母生成4-乙烯基愈创木酚的条件优化及其发酵动力学模型构建

4-乙烯基愈创木酚(4-VG)是小麦啤酒中的重要风味物质.为促进4-VG的合成,以大麦芽和小麦芽为原料,上面啤酒酵母WA-04为发酵菌种,采用单因素试验结合响应面法优化小麦啤酒的酿造工艺,并通过研究发酵过程中4-VG的动态变化构建发酵动力学模型.结果表明:小麦啤酒酿造的最佳工艺条件为小麦芽添加量45.9％,酵母接种量1...     

Changes in protein molecular weight during cloudy wheat beer brewing

To investigate the changes in protein in cloudy wheat beer (CWB) brewing, the molecular weight (M_w) of protein components in wort, fermenting wort, beer and beer foam were analysed by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography. It was found that the M_w of protein during brewing was mainly distributed between 100 and 0 kDa. From mash to the final beer, the most abundant protein component was the 7.6–2.1 kDa fraction, which occupied more than 40% of the total protein. The extraction of soluble protein from malts into wort mainly focused on the protein rest process, where the 100.0–32.1 and 7.6–2.1 kDa fractions increased significantly. In addition, the 100.0–13.2 kDa fraction was the predominant thermolabile protein that decreased during lautering and boiling. The dominant protein constituting the fine coagulum, the 100.0–13.2 kDa fraction, also decreased during fermentation and maturation. The CWB, defoamed CWB and CWB foam had similar protein M_w distributions, while the CWB foam concentrated much more protein and the 7.6–2.1 kDa fraction was the major protein in the CWB foam. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

山楂风味啤酒酿造工艺研究

目的 探究山楂风味啤酒酿造工艺的可行性。方法 以进口澳麦、小麦芽、啤酒花、山楂汁和山楂粉等为原料, 采用单醪浸出糖化法、经接种WB-06上面酵母、发酵等工艺制备山楂风味啤酒, 采用pH计检测成品啤酒的pH, 滴定法检测其总酸含量, 邻苯二胺法和碘量法分别检测其双乙酰和总黄酮含量, 并进行感官品评。结果 酿造出的山楂风味啤酒色度值在16~35 EBC, 总黄酮含量大于15 μg/mL, 双乙酰含量低于 0.15 mg/L, 总酸大于5 mL/100 mL。与传统小麦啤酒进行比较, 山楂风味啤酒不仅具有麦芽香和酒花香气, 还具有山楂果的香气, 口味清爽, 苦味适宜。结论 在小麦啤酒酿造工序中添加山楂制品酿造山楂啤酒是可行的, 可获得具有山楂风味, 且品质较好的啤酒。     

“SP-3”与“SP-2”在全小麦啤酒酿造中应用研究

“SP-3”是新选育的啤酒酵母菌株,而“SP-2”为通常生产大麦芽啤酒使用的啤酒酵母菌株,“SP-3”与“SP-2”啤酒酵母菌株在全小麦啤酒生产中应用对比试验结果表明,“SP-3”啤酒酵母菌株在全小麦芽啤酒的酿造中适用性较强,各项指标均优于“SP-2”啤酒酵母菌株,用其酿制的啤酒口感纯正、清爽、柔和,能够较好地适应当前消费者的口感需求.     

现代小麦啤酒生产技术

主要介绍小麦啤酒的生产，包括小麦品种选择，麦汁制备工艺和一罐法发酵工艺。     

Gene expression in wheat beer yeast strains and the synthesis of acetate esters

The synthesis of aroma compounds represents one of the most important parameters in beer production. Although it has been a historical topic of research, exactly how aroma components are formed has yet to be fully explained. Moreover, all of the research that has been published on yeast strains is focused on lagers and ales. Wheat beer yeast strains have not been the focus of aroma and flavour research. In this study, five different wheat beer yeasts were analysed to determine their capacity for producing acetate esters. In this study, the most commonly used wheat beer yeast strains for the production of German‐style wheat beer were analysed. This involved measuring the level of expression of the alcohol acetyl transferase genes ATF1, ATF2 and IAH1 over a period of 4 days (during primary fermentation) and plotting the data to observe the development of expression of the genes over time. Results confirmed their capacity to form acetate esters and showed a distinct correlation with increasing expression of the gene ATF1. However, the findings also indicated that gene expression in different yeast strains can vary considerably during fermentation. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Changes in crude arabinoxylan during cloudy wheat beer brewing on a production scale

As one of the major non‐starch polysaccharides in the cloudy wheat beer, arabinoxylan has a crucial influence on the wort viscosity, foam profile and stability of the beer. In this study, the cloudy wheat beer was fermented on a production scale with a ratio of barley to wheat malt of 1:1, during which the changes in arabinoxylan were monitored in order to determine the key steps which influence the content, substitution degree of arabinoxylan (A/X) and average degree of polymerization (avDP) value of crude arabinoxylan during cloudy wheat beer brewing. The results show that the total contents of crude arabinoxylan, arabinose, xylose and galactose increased until the end of mashing and then dropped with the addition of spent grain sparging water. The crude arabinoxylan decreased during the saccharification, and then stabilized at ~10.00 mg/g. During fermentation and storage, the content of crude arabinoxylan did not change remarkably. The A/X remained at ~0.50 in the process of wort preparation and brewing and the avDP value of crude arabinoxylan decreased during saccharification and then stayed at ~3.00 in the fermentation and storage phases, which was lower because the contents of free arabinose, xylose and galactose were not subtracted from the total contents of the sugars. Therefore, wort preparation is shown the key step influencing the changes in crude arabinoxylan during cloudy wheat beer brewing. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

啤酒“上头”的影响因素及解决方案

对啤酒中的成分进行研究，重点分析了引起啤酒“上头”的因素，结合啤酒厂的实际采取了适当提高糖化温度、减少麦汁充氧、提高酵母接种量以及降低主酵前期的发酵温度等四项工艺调整措施，有效的降低了引起“上头”物质的含量。并通过人群饮用试验，验证了工艺措施的可行性。     

以小麦面粉作为辅料生产小麦啤酒

研究小麦面粉作为啤酒辅料酿造工艺,在小麦面粉的最大添加量占原料的20%的条件下,中性蛋白酶添加量0.10 mL/kg,耐热α-淀粉酶添加量20 u/g,木聚糖酶的添加量1.8 mL/kg,解决小麦面粉作为啤酒辅料中出现黏度大,过滤困难等不利因素;同时采用上面发酵工艺,以其他辅料酿造啤酒的麦汁和发酵液的理化指标为参照,进一步评估工艺的合理性;研究利用蛋白疏水层析色谱法(HIC),对添加小麦面粉作为辅料生产的小麦啤酒的啤酒泡沫中分离疏水蛋白,其疏水蛋白含量显著增加,并显著提高啤酒的泡沫性能。同时酿造的啤酒具有典型的小麦啤酒的特征香味4-乙烯基愈创木酚味道。