包覆型铝粉颜料在水性涂料中的应用

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为前驱物,通过溶胶-凝胶反应在铝颜料表面形成了一层致密的包覆层,再通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸(AA)的自由基聚合反应对铝颜料进行第二层包覆,制备了含亲水基团的包覆型铝粉颜料,以此包覆的铝颜料配制了水性铝粉涂料.研究了铝粉及交联剂的用量、涂料黏度和烘烤温度...     

Preparation and characterization of PMMA–Clay hybrid composite by emulsion polymerization

Nanocomposites are prepared by a simple technique of emulsion polymerization using MMA monomer and Na⁺-montmorillonite. The products are purified by hot toluene extraction and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, TGA, DSC, and tensile testing. The structural investigation confirms that the products are intercalated with PMMA chain molecules oriented parallel to the direction of lamellar layers whose separation is consequently more enlarged than in the polymer-free clay. DSC traces also corroborate the confinement of the polymer in the inorganic layer by exhibiting no observable transition in the thermogram. Both the thermal stability and tensile properties of the products appear to be substantially enhanced. The ion-dipole bonding is believed to be the driving force for the introduction and fixation of the organic polymer to the interfaces of montmorillonite. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Preparation and characterization of polysiloxane–polyacrylates composite lattices by two seeded emulsion polymerization and their film properties

Gamma ray‐induced seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate was carried out in the presence of polymerizable polysiloxane seed latex, which was obtained by the ring‐opening copolymerization of octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) and tetramethyl tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane(VD₄) catalyzed by dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). After the first seeded polymerization, 3‐methacryloxylpropyltrimethoxylsilane (MPS) was added for the second seeded polymerization. The conversion–time curve showed that the first seeded polymerization rate was accelerated much by the polysiloxane seed latex. The final composite lattices also showed good storage stability, mechanical stability, and high electrolyte resistance ability. The morphology of the composite latex particles was found to be a quite uniform fine structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The graft of polyacrylates onto polysiloxane and hydrolysis of MPS were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The mechanical performance, water absorption ratio, surface properties, and transparency of the latex films were also investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1406–1411, 2007     

乳液聚合法包覆酞菁蓝的制备及性能研究

在超细可聚合分散剂/酞菁蓝分散体中添加共聚单体和引发剂,采用乳液聚合法对酞菁蓝进行包覆。考察了共聚单体结构及用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间对包覆酞菁蓝性能的影响。结果表明,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)相比,苯乙烯(St)是较佳的包覆共聚单体,当St质量为颜料质量的20%,过硫酸铵(APS)质量为St与烯丙氧基壬基苯氧基丙醇聚氧乙烯磺酸铵(ANPS)总质量的1.0%,于70～80℃反应2 h时,所制备包覆酞菁蓝的粒径较小,稳定性较高。与未聚合分散体相比,包覆酞菁蓝的耐热稳定性、耐酸碱稳定性和离心稳定性均有明显提高,FTIR和TEM照片表明,酞菁蓝表面包覆了聚合物,且包覆酞菁蓝粒度分布更均匀。     

Preparation of nano‐encapsulated polyethylene wax particles for color toner by in situ emulsion polymerization

Polystyrene‐acrylate resin coated polyethylene (PE) wax composite particles used for color toner were prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization. The laser particle analyzer and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to show the size and morphology of composite particles, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to characterize the thermal properties of the nanoparticles. With the increase of emulsifier triton x‐100 (TX‐100), the size of composite particles decreased at first and then increased and the shell thickness increased gradually. When the mass ratio of TX‐100 to monomers was 1:10, the core–shell structure of the latex particles was the clearest. The homopolymer of styrene (St) and copolymer of styrene‐butyl acrylate (St‐BA) showed few differences on the size of the composite particles, but a significant difference on the thermal performance. The FTIR spectra and dissolution experiments of PE wax/P(St‐BA) composite particles provided supporting evidence for encapsulation. With the increasing percentage of polyethylene wax, the particles size got larger and emulsion shelf stability became worse. The size and the shelf stability got optimized when the reaction temperature was 80 °C. The average size of the particles initiated by 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was smaller and the size distribution was narrower than those of initiated by potassium persulfate (KPS). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44399.     

Synthesis and characterization of PS-clay nanocomposite by emulsion polymerization

Summary Polystyrene-Na⁺-montmorillonite(PS-Na⁺-MMT) nanocomposites are prepared by a simple emulsion polymerization. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis confirm that polystyrene(PS) macromolecules can be inserted between lamella layers and whose layer separation is consequently higher than in the polymer-free clay. The enhanced thermal properties of composites are measured by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) thermogram and indicate that the glass transition and the decomposition onset temperature of obtained nanocomposites are found to be moved to the higher temperature region. The increased Young's modulus of the obtained nanocomposites is ascribed to the intercalation of PS in clay galleries as well as the fine dispersion of clay particles into the polymer matrix. Received: 23 February 1999/Revised version: 26 March 1999/Accepted: 1 April 1999     

种子乳液聚合法制备纳米SiO_2/苯丙复合乳液

采用种子乳液聚合工艺,用经硅烷偶联剂改性后的纳米SiO2原位合成了纳米SiO2/苯丙复合乳液。通过正交实验确定了最佳原料配比和聚合工艺条件,并对复合乳液性能进行了分析与表征。结果表明,当功能单体的用量为单体总量的5%、阴离子乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与非离子乳化剂辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)质量比为1颐1、复合乳化剂总量3%、纳米SiO2含量为单体总量的1.5%、聚合温度为80℃时,可制备具有良好综合性能的复合乳液,其涂膜耐水性、硬度、附着力等均优于普通苯丙乳液。该复合乳液乳胶粒粒度呈单峰分布,平均粒径为101nm,具有核/壳结构。     

乳液聚合法聚丙烯酸树脂的制备研究

介绍了以丙烯酸、苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯为单体,采用过硫酸铵作为引发剂,以非离子乳化剂聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和阴离子乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为复合乳化剂,经过乳液聚合,制得了一种水性涂料用缔合型增稠剂.考察了丙烯酸单体含量、乳化剂用量对乳液性能和增稠剂黏度的影响.优化了反应条件,反应过程和最终乳液都很...     

Preparation and characterization of polyacrylate/polymerized rosin composite emulsions by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization

Polyacrylate/polymerized rosin composite emulsions were prepared by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of acrylate monomers in which polymerized rosin was dissolved. The effects of polymerized rosin content on the polymerization stability, monomer conversion, polymer structure, and adhesive properties were studied. Polyacrylate/polymerized rosin composites were characterized by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogracvimetry (TG). The results showed that with an increase of polymerized rosin content from 0 to 6 wt %, gel fraction and sol molecular weight decreased obviously but monomer conversion was basically unchanged. In contrast, with a further increase of polymerized rosin content, the decreasing rates of gel fraction, and sol molecular weight were slowed down. Meanwhile, monomer conversion decreased remarkably. Moreover, interface failure changed into cohesive failure after the addition of polymerized rosin, and the peel adhesion and shear resistance of composite latex films declined with the increase of polymerized rosin content. Thermal analysis showed that polymerized rosin and polyacrylate were compatible and the composite latex films had good thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Efficient preparation and characterization of paraffin-based microcapsules by emulsion polymerization

Microencapsulated phase-change materials (MEPCMs) with paraffin as the core and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA copolymers as the shell were prepared by emulsion polymerization using redox initiators at low temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical composition of MEPCMs. The thermal properties and thermal stabilities of MEPCMs were tested by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphologies and sizes of the microcapsules were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution analysis. The results indicated that the yield of microcapsules is as high as 96.2%, and the encapsulation efficiency of paraffin is nearly 100% when the paraffin content in MEPCM is 70%. The MEPCMs have good stability: the leakage ratios of MEPCMs can be less than 1% after 50 heating–cooling cycles. Therefore, the microencapsulation of paraffin using redox initiators has good production and application prospects. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47552.     

Preparation of sub-micron colored particles by controlled emulsion polymerization

Colored particles of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) containing three different kinds of dye including Sudan black, Sudan red 7B and Oil blue N were made by emulsion polymerization. In an effort to find a way to prepare particles with size less than 100 nm with the maximized dye content, methanol is added either to the initial reaction media or during the polymerization. It was found that adding methanol is very efficient way to improve the dye incorporation efficiency while maintaining particle sizes less than 100 nm. By properly choosing methanol addition strategy, the dye content inside of particle could be increased up to four or five times and it was found that the optimum strategy of methanol addition is clearly depending on the nature of dye.     

无皂乳液聚合制备丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶

采用硫酸盐类可聚合乳化剂烯丙氧基壬基苯氧基丙醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵（KD SE-10）通过低温乳液聚合法制备无皂丁腈橡胶。详细考察了可聚合乳化剂用量对门尼粘度、结合丙烯腈含量、凝胶量、拉伸强度、相对分子质量的影响情况,并确定了KD SE-10用量为2.7%～3.0%（质量分数）。制得的无皂丁腈橡胶相比普通丁腈橡胶具有显著的高强度、更优良的耐油性、相对分子质量分布窄的特点。     

Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide core/polymer shell hybrid composite particles prepared by emulsion polymerization

Titanium dioxide inorganic core and polymer shell composite poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butylacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) [P(MMA‐co‐BA)‐MAA] particles were prepared by emulsion copolymerization. Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the content of MAA composite particles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterized the composite particle size and size distribution. The field emission SEM (FE‐SEM) results of the composite particles showed regular spherical shape and no bare TiO₂ was detected on the whole surface of the samples. The composite particles were produced, showing good spectral reflectance compared with bare TiO₂. TGA results indicated the encapsulation efficiency and estimated density of composite particles. Encapsulation efficiency was up to 78.9% and the density ranged from 1.76 to 1.94 g/cm³. Estimated density of the composite particles is suitable to 1.73 g/cm³, due to density matching with suspending media. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2970–2975, 2004     

Preparation of polystyrene/clay nanocomposite by suspension and emulsion polymerization

Organophilic montmorillonite was prepared using ion‐exchange method between sodium ions in clay layers and four kind of quaternary ammonium salt. The montmorillonite has the largest d₀₀₁‐spacing, as determined by X‐ray diffraction in modified by di(hydrogenated tallowalkyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride. Polystyrene montmorillonite nanocomposites were obtained by suspension and emulsion polymerization of styrene in the dispersed organophilic montmorillonite. The d₀₀₁‐spacing of clay was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability of organophilic montmorillonite was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

超浓乳液及其应用

介绍了超浓乳液的制备方法、形成条件以及在各领域的应用.讨论了超浓乳液的相行为与稳定性及各自的影响因素,比较了超浓乳液聚合与本体聚合、传统乳液聚合的区别.超浓乳液聚合存在聚合物分子量大,聚合速率快,乳胶粒子粒径可控等优点.     

Preparation of multi-responsive amphiphilic particles by one-step soapless emulsion polymerization

A novel multi-responsive amphiphilic copolymer (mRAP) particles with tunable emulsifiability was successfully prepared via one-step soapless emulsion polymerization using common monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid (MAA), butyl acrylate (BA) and N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEAA). The obtained monodisperse spherical mRAP particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, which provided the information of particle size, components and anisotropic structure. Its multiple responsivities were investigated under the condition of diversified pH values, salinity and temperature. The results showed that the mRAP particles exhibited good dispersivity based on uniform particle size, as well as tunable emulsifiability and anticipated multiple responsiveness. Furthermore, the tunable emulsifiability of oil–water mixtures could be easily achieved by adjusting the mass ratios of MAA to DEAA. Meanwhile, the obtained multi-responsive polymers relying on simple and effective copolymerization can be used in fundamental research and industrial production.     

含疏水侧链聚氨酯表面活性剂的制备及其乳液聚合应用研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸和单硬脂酸甘油酯为主要原料,通过改变原料配比制备一系列含疏水侧链聚氨酯表面活性剂。采用FT-IR和~1H NMR对产物的结构进行了表征。以单体质量5%的聚氨酯表面活性剂制备了固含量(质量分数)为35%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-co-聚丙烯酸丁酯乳液,研究了预聚物n(-NCO)/n(-OH)对表面活性和乳液聚合应用的影响。结果表明,当预聚物n(-NCO)/n(-OH)=1.07时,含疏水侧链聚氨酯表面活性剂水溶液具有最低表面张力值33.24 mN/m。该聚氨酯表面活性剂用于制备聚丙烯酸酯乳液可得到核壳结构乳胶粒子,当预聚物n(-NCO)/n(-OH)=1.11时,制备得到的乳胶粒子最小,直径约为75 nm。     

聚甘油单硬脂酸酯乳化二甲基硅油及乳液表征

用聚甘油单硬脂酸酯复配乳化1 Pa.s的二甲基硅油,考察复配乳化剂的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)对乳液体积平均粒径、乳液黏度、乳液离心稳定性的影响以及乳液的耐高温稳定性。结果表明:复配乳化剂HLB值对乳液体积平均粒径、黏度、离心稳定性的影响显著,选择高聚合度的亲水型乳化剂和高聚合度的亲油型乳化剂进行复配乳化,有利于形成稳定的硅油乳液。最佳乳化条件为乳化剂(二聚甘油单硬酯和八聚甘油单硬脂酸酯,HLB=10.5)、硅油和水的质量比为7∶23∶70。在最佳乳化条件下制得的乳液体积平均粒径为8.06μm,黏度为387 mPa.s,固相质量分数差为2.91%。乳液高温稳定性良好,在110℃保持5 h,乳液体积平均粒径增大至11.63μm,固相质量分数差增大至6.12%。     

反相乳液聚合法制备丙烯酰胺聚合物研究

采用反相乳液聚合法,以液体石蜡为连续相,丙烯酰胺水溶液为分散相,使用复合引发剂,制备了聚丙烯酰胺。考察了油水比、乳化剂类型、反应温度、引发剂配比等因素对聚合粘度的影响。得到较好的聚合条件为:反应温度为30℃,油水比1∶1,HLB值为5.8,引发剂含量配比为1∶2。在此条件下,制备的丙烯酰胺聚合物粒径较小且分布较窄、乳液更稳定粘度较大,分子量达2.13×106。通过粒径分析证明反相乳液聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺的成核机理为单体液滴成核。     

反相乳液聚合法制备丙烯酰胺聚合物研究

采用反相乳液聚合法,以液体石蜡为连续相,丙烯酰胺水溶液为分散相,使用复合引发剂,制备了聚丙烯酰胺。考察了油水比、乳化剂类型、反应温度、引发剂配比等因素对聚合粘度的影响。得到较好的聚合条件为:反应温度为30℃,油水比1∶1,HLB值为5.8,引发剂含量配比为1∶2。在此条件下,制备的丙烯酰胺聚合物粒径较小且分布较窄、乳液更稳定粘度较大,分子量达2.13×106。通过粒径分析证明反相乳液聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺的成核机理为单体液滴成核。