提高焊接接头疲劳强度的超声冲击法与TIG熔修法之比较

采用Q2 35B十字接头试件 ,就改善焊接接头疲劳强度的超声冲击法与TIG熔修法进行了全面对比。结果表明 :超声冲击处理对焊趾区硬度的影响不如TIG熔修明显 ;TIG熔修对焊趾几何外形的改善程度好于超声冲击法 ;TIG熔修处理工艺在焊趾区引入了残余拉应力 ,而超声冲击在焊趾区形成了较大数值的压缩应力。Q2 35B十字焊接接头经TIG熔修后 ,其疲劳强度 (2× 10 6 )提高 5 1% ,低于超声冲击处理对相同试件的疲劳强度 (2× 10 6 )改善程度 (6 4% )。     

变幅载荷下超声冲击处理焊接接头的疲劳行为

为研究变幅载荷作用下超声冲击处理焊接接头的疲劳行为,采用非承载纵向角接接头进行了Q235B及16Mn钢原始焊态与超声冲击处理态的对比疲劳试验。试验结果表明：①在变幅载荷作用下,Q235B超声冲击处理试件与原始焊态试件相比,疲劳强度提高69%左右,疲劳寿命延长5.7～19.0倍。②在变幅载荷作用下,16Mn超声冲击处理试件与原始焊态试件相比,疲劳强度提高80%左右,疲劳寿命延长2.5～17.0倍。③在变幅载荷作用下,超声冲击处理焊接接头与原始焊态试件的疲劳性能均有所下降：Q235B超声冲击处理焊接接头的疲劳寿命约为恒幅载荷作用时的1/3,原始焊态的疲劳寿命约为恒幅载荷作用时的70%;16Mn超声冲击处理焊接接头的疲劳寿命约为恒幅载荷作用时的1/3,原始焊态的疲劳寿命约为恒幅载荷作用时的75%。④超声冲击处理焊接接头在承受强烈的变幅载荷时依然具有很高的疲劳强度。     

超声波冲击对低合金高强钢焊后基材疲劳强度的影响

随为了研究超声波冲击技术对低合金高强钢焊接后基材疲劳强度的影响,自制14 mm厚Q355C板材作为焊接试件板材,焊接接头采用T型接头,取10件试板进行超声波冲击后进行疲劳试验测试,再取件未采用超声波冲击的试板直接进行疲劳测试作为对照。结果显示,焊态和冲击态的焊接试板失效形式均为焊趾处开裂;采用超声波冲击的试板疲劳寿命为85～110万次,比对照试板疲劳寿命50～70万次的循环次数提高了约60%;超声冲击处理态比原始焊态提高一个疲劳强度等级,由FAT80提高到FAT90。说明原始焊态和超声波冲击态T型接头的疲劳失效形式为焊趾处开裂,焊趾处的疲劳强度应低于母材的疲劳强度,焊缝焊趾为焊接结构的薄弱环节;经超声波冲击处理的Q355钢T型接头的疲劳强度在原始焊态的基础上有一定提升。超声冲击技术是一种高效的消除部件近表面缺陷、引进有益压应力的方法,其提高疲劳强度的原理结合了机械修磨和锤击的方式,设备轻巧方便,噪声和粉尘污染极小,基本无场地要求,且超声波冲击提高疲劳强度的程度相较于其他技术效果更加明显,是较理想的提高焊缝疲劳强度的方式。     

TIG熔修对焊接接头海水腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

对经过 TIG 熔修的海上平台用钢(A537)的板状焊接接头进行了海水腐蚀疲劳试验。试验条件是:加载频率0.2Hz,应力比 R=-1,海水温度20°±1℃,阴极保护电位-850mV±30mV,SCE。就平均寿命来说,TIG 熔修试件的海水腐蚀疲劳寿命为原始焊缝(as-welded)试件寿命的四倍至六倍,并且随应力范围的降低而差别增大.在自由腐蚀条件下,TIG 熔修试件的寿命也比原始焊缝试件的寿命长得多。     

提高焊接接头疲劳强度的超声冲击法与TIG熔修法之比较

采用Q2 35B十字接头试件 ,就改善焊接接头疲劳强度的超声冲击法与TIG熔修法进行了全面对比。结果表明 :超声冲击处理对焊趾区硬度的影响不如TIG熔修明显 ;TIG熔修对焊趾几何外形的改善程度好于超声冲击法 ;TIG熔修处理工艺在焊趾区引入了残余拉应力 ,而超声冲击在焊趾区形成了较大数值的压缩应力。Q2 35B十字焊接接头经TIG熔修后 ,其疲劳强度 (2× 10 6)提高 5 1% ,低于超声冲击处理对相同试件的疲劳强度 (2× 10 6)改善程度 (6 4% )。     

承载超声冲击方法改善高应力比加载条件管接头疲劳性能

在高应力比R=0．5加载条件下采用T型管接头形式进行焊态、承载和非承载超声冲击处理试件的疲劳对比试验。试验结果表明:①在高应力比R=0．5加载条件下,管接头承受静载后再使用超声冲击方法对其进行处理仍然能够大幅度地延长焊接管接点的疲劳性能。②在承载超声冲击处理条件下,20钢T型管接头的疲劳强度(应力比R=0．5)提高了66％,疲劳寿命延长了3．8～4．0倍。③使用承载超声冲击处理这种工艺方法不仅可以在低中应力水平、中长寿命范围内改善焊接管接头的疲劳性能,也可以在高应力范围内改善其疲劳性能。这种工艺方法在一定程度上克服了承载前超声冲击方法对焊接接头疲劳性能改善程度在高应力区域内大幅度降低的缺点。     

焊接残余应力对超声波冲击处理焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

采用含高值焊接残余应力的非承载纵向角接接头进行了Q235B钢焊态与超声波冲击态的疲劳对比试验,研究了焊接残余应力对超声冲击处理焊接接接头疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明:焊接残余应力对超声波冲击处理后焊接接头疲劳性能的影响较小。使用不含高值焊接残余应力的小试件来评估超声波冲击处理对相同接头形式及板厚的大型焊接结构疲劳性能的改善程度可能是偏于安全的。     

提高焊接接头疲劳强度的低相变点焊条和超声冲击方法

由于焊趾部位存在有应力集中和残余拉伸应力,焊接接头的疲劳强度远低于基体金属,超声冲击和低相变点焊条的应用是近年来发展的提高焊接接头疲劳强度方法。通过对横向对接焊接接头和纵向角接板焊接接头试件的疲劳试验,在2×106循环次数下与普通E5015焊条焊态试件相比,超声冲击处理的两种型式接头的疲劳强度分别提高50％和71％,低相变点焊条焊接的两种型式接头的疲劳强度分别提高11％和41％,相应接头的疲劳寿命也有大幅度的提高。试验结果说明,两种方法都是提高焊接接头疲劳强度的有效方法,其中超声冲击方法的提高程度较高,而由于免去了焊后加工处理工序,低相变点焊条方法更适合于具有高值残余拉伸应力纵向焊缝焊接接头疲劳强度的改善。     

焊接接头TIG熔修的疲劳强度及低温性能研究

以海洋石油钻井平台桩腿所用的普通低合金钢角焊缝为例，研究TIG(tungsten inert-gas arc)熔修对焊接接头性能的影响。TIG熔修可提高接头疲劳强度及低温性能，其效果取决于熔修工艺及规范。文中对多种规范的TIG熔修试样和未熔修试样，进行疲劳试验及落锤试验，推出疲劳寿命公式，并得到S-N曲线，确定了本试验条件下的最佳工艺规范参数，应用该工艺参数可提高疲劳强度189％，降低脆性开裂温度70℃。该熔修工艺已试用于海洋平台实际结构的桩腿裂纹补焊修复中，使补焊焊缝的疲劳寿命大幅度提高，效果明显。     

TIG熔修提高平台立焊接头疲劳强度及实船应用

海洋平台的实际结构中大量裂纹产生在结构的立焊焊缝位置上。针对立焊特点，试验采用模拟实际结构的异种钢T型焊接接头，选用实际船台材料A514-EH36，制定适合立焊的熔修工艺及规范，并进行相应的疲劳试验。利用最小二乘法给出立焊时疲劳寿命的估算式及S-N曲线。试验分析结果表明，熔修试件疲劳强度提高49．4％，寿命增加6倍。该补焊熔修工艺已试用于海洋平台实际结构的补焊修复之中。     

AZ31B镁合金TIG焊焊接接头的疲劳性能

对8 mm厚AZ31B镁合金板及其三种TIG焊焊接接头的静载拉伸性能和疲劳性能进行试验研究。试验结果表明AZ31B镁合金母材的静载抗拉强度为245.50 MPa,TIG焊对接接头、纵向角接接头和非承载十字接头的静载抗拉强度分别为193.55 MPa、229.89 MPa、227.39 MPa。脉动循环(r = 0)疲劳试验表明,在2×106循环次数下,AZ31B镁合金母材的疲劳强度为57.81 MPa,为其静载抗拉强度的23.5％。相同循环次数下,AZ31B镁合金TIG焊对接接头、纵向角接接头和非承载十字接头的疲劳强度为24.60 MPa、20.14 MPa、17.25 MPa,分别为母材疲劳强度的42.6 %、34.8 %和29.8 %。按照国际焊接学会的规范,发现镁合金焊接接头的疲劳级别FAT仅为相应铝合金接头疲劳级别FAT的一半。由此看来,疲劳性能是影响镁合金在承受动态载荷结构中应用的主要因素之一。     

喷丸与激光喷丸强化高强度钢对比试验

为了考察和对比喷丸(SP)和激光喷丸(LSP)2种表面强化技术对金属零件的强化效果,以30CrMnSiNi2A钢为试样,进行喷丸和激光喷丸强化处理试验。试验结果显示,2种强化试样的残余压应力和硬度都有较大的提高。分别测定了喷丸强化和激光喷丸强化试样在同一应力水平下的疲劳寿命,并运用扫描电镜分析了两者的疲劳断口。试验结果表明,激光喷丸强化试样中值疲劳寿命是喷丸强化试样的1.11~2.75倍,激光喷丸强化比喷丸强化在提高金属零件表面性能方面的效果更佳。     

Modification of fretting fatigue behavior of AL7075-T6 alloy by the application of titanium coating using IBED technique and shot peening

In this work, improvement in fretting fatigue life of AL7075-T6 has been investigated by titanium surface coating using ion-beam-enhanced deposition (IBED) technique and shot peening. From the experiments, the following conclusions were derived: (i) Shot peening increased the fretting fatigue life up to 350%. (ii) Titanium coating increased the fatigue life up to 100% with respect to virgin specimens for low working stresses, while it reduced the fatigue life at higher working stresses significantly. (iii) Titanium coating+shot peening increased the fatigue life up to 130% with respect to the virgin specimens for low working stresses, while it reduced the fatigue life at higher working stresses significantly. The highest and the lowest increase in coefficient of friction are obtained for virgin and shot-peened+titanium-coated specimens, respectively. IBED surface-modification technique is not successful in reducing fretting fatigue, except at low stresses.     

Investigation of the fatigue behaviour of butt-welded joints treated by ultrasonic peening process and compared with fatigue life assessment standards

Ultrasonic peening is a technique to be used for improving the fatigue life of welded structures. The technique makes use of an ultrasonically vibrated pin which is pressed against the toe regions of the weld. The beneficial effect is mainly due to the introduction of favourable compressive stresses on weld toe regions, causing local plastic deformation and reducing stress concentration effect. This paper deals with the influence of ultrasonic peening treatment on fatigue life improvement in butt-welded plates. Fatigue life is predicted for the welded plate as per BS 7608 standard, AWS D 1.1 structural welding code and IIW-XIII-1539-96 standard, and they are compared with the experimental results. The ultrasonic peening technique is applied on a plain carbon steel plate weldment, and specimens conforming to ASTM E 466 standard are prepared and tested in a servohydraulic static dynamic testing machine at three different stress levels. Afterwards their fatigue lives are obtained. The comparison of the fatigue life in unpeened and peened specimens brings out the beneficial influence of the treatment. It is found that the improvement in fatigue life is up to 35% at 250 MPa of applied stress. But at higher stress levels, the benefit is less. At 350 MPa of applied stress, peening results in lower fatigue life. A comparison of the predicted fatigue lives from various standards with the experimental results shows that it is very close to the life at 50% probability of survival as predicted by the BS 7608 standard. The details of the experiments conducted and the results obtained are furnished in this paper.     

Some investigations into development of nozzle and suction system for air blast shot peening machine

Shot peening is an important surface enhancement process, which helps in assuring satisfactory fatigue life and reliability of the automotive, aerospace and marine components. One of the most important factors affecting shot peening performance is the type of shot peening machine. This paper presents an innovative design of a laboratory-based air blast shot peening machine. This machine has a vertical nozzle suction system to take the advantage of gravity feed as well as the feed created by suction of the pressurized air. Special attention was paid to the design of the nozzle and the mixing chamber so as to obtain adequate suction of shots. The performance of the machine was evaluated by carrying out various shot peening tests on AISI 1045 steel specimens. The tests included microscopic examination of coverage with ×10 magnification lens, fatigue and wear resistance. The wear resistance of the peened AISI 1045 material increased by 3.5 times the unpeened one. The fatigue tests showed improvement in fatigue life of the workpiece up to about four times. Besides, there was an increase in yield and torsional strength of the workpiece by about 1.5 times.     

热轧410S不锈钢板材钨极氩弧焊焊接接头的组织与性能

通过对热轧410S不锈钢板材手工钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接接头的组织观察、无损检测、力学性能和耐晶间腐蚀性能试验,以及铁素体含量和显微硬度的测定,研究了热轧410S不锈钢板材TIG焊接接头的组织与性能。结果表明:采用TIG方法焊接410S不锈钢接头的抗拉强度不低于母材的,而且塑性良好;焊接接头的宏观形貌呈铸造粗大组织,并具有明显的外延生长特性;焊缝组织主要为柱状晶奥氏体+沿柱状晶分布的δ铁素体,δ铁素体体积分数为15%~20%;热影响区的马氏体在焊接热的作用下发生了M→γ→M相变,原处于晶界条带中细小的颗粒状马氏体被黑色的团块状马氏体所替代;该焊接接头的晶间腐蚀倾向按热影响区、母材、焊缝顺序依次降低。