DBN-偶氮氯膦与锆显色反应的研究及应用

锆与DBN-偶氮氯膦在1.5mol/LHCl介质中,可生成1:2的络合物,试剂与络合物稳定,其最大吸收峰分别为529nm和639nm,0～10μg Zr/25nl符合比尔宅律,显色反应有较高的灵敏度和选择性,用该试剂可直接光度法测定钢铁、铝合金、镁合金和铜合金中锆。     

对碘偶氮氯膦与铋显色反应的研究和应用

研究了对碘偶氮氯膦（ＣＰＡ－ｐＩ）与Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）的显色反应,并用以测定合金中的微量铋。试验表明：在０．１０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌＯ４介质中,Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）与ＣＰＡ－ｐＩ形成１：３的蓝绿色络合物。显色剂的吸收峰位于５５０ｎｍ,络合物的吸收峰在６８０ｎｍ处,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε６８０＝６．４８×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）浓度在０～９５７×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（即０～２．０μｇ／ｍｌ）范围符合比尔定律。测定了近３０种共存离子的影响,大多数常见离子对测定干扰较少。方法用于测定铸造铝合金与焊锡中的微量铋,结果满意     

DBC─偶氮氯膦与铅显色反应研究及其应用

在０．３２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌＯ４介质中,ＤＢＣ－偶氮氯膦与铅形成蓝色络合物。该反应具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。在２５ｍｌ溶液中,铅量在０～６０μｇ内呈线性关系。该法已成功地用于铜合金中铅的含量测定,其结果与标准值相吻合。     

偶氮氯膦—mA与铜的显色反应及其应用

本文研究了偶氮氯膦-mA与铜的显色反应,在 20 ml溶液中,pH=5时,铜(Ⅱ)0～50 μg符合比耳定律,ε_(610)为3 .4×10~4L.mol~(-1).cm(-1),该方法可用于钢中铜的测定。     

偶氮氯膦—mA分光光度法测定钢中的稀土总量

本文提出了大量铁存在时间ＥＤＴＡ做隐蔽剂，选择６５８ｎｍ波长，用偶氮氯膦－ｍＡ（ＣＰＡ－ｍＡ）的分光光度法直接测定钢中的稀土总量，在试验条件下偶氮氯膦－ｍＡ与各等量的单一稀土配俣物的吸光度基本接近，此时，各等量稀土配合物之间吸光度的差别也大大小于用草酸做隐蔽剂时的差别，从而减小了由于试样中各稀土元素的配合分未知而引起的测定误差。     

对硝基偶氮氯膦与锆显色反应的研究及其应用

研究了对硝基偶氮氯膦与锆(Ⅳ)显色反应的条件。试验结果表明,于0.60～3.0mol/LHCl介质中,在乙醇存在下,锆(Ⅳ)与CPA-PN能形成1:3蓝色配合物,其最大吸收位于680nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.2×10~4,锆浓度在0～35μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。     

Effect of rare earths on oxidation resistance of heat resistant steel

The application of rare earths(RE) in the Ni saving heat resistant steel was studied by metalloscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray difference(XRD).Because the diffusion of chromium was promoted by RE,a dense and adhesive Cr2O3 layer could form rapidly at the early oxidation stage,which played a effective protection role;the pinning effect of silicon dioxide was enhanced by RE in the internal oxidation layer,which had a block effect on the diffusion of metal ions and oxygen ions at later stage of oxidation and resulted in that the high temperature oxidation rate of RE heat resistant steel was decreased.     

2,4-二氯-6-溴偶氮氟膦与稀土的显色反应及其应用

摘 要：对显色剂2,4-二氯-6-溴偶氮氟膦与稀土元素在微波催化下的显色反应进行了研究。在硝酸及少量吡啶介质中,于40℃的微波水浴中加热催化8 min,试剂与各稀土发生显色反应,形成稳定的蓝色配合物。典型稀土元素La、Ce与显色剂的配合比均为1︰3,各稀土配合物的最大吸收波长位于632～636 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数相近,ε为 0.89～1.15×105 L?mol-1?cm-1。以634 nm作为测定波长,改变混合稀土的配分进行试验,结果表明,La、Ce、Y的比例对稀土总量测定的影响不显著。加入四元混合掩蔽剂,采用本方法对岩石等实际样品中稀土总量进行测定,相对标准偏差（RSD, n=5）为2.0%～2.4%,回收率为 93%～98%。     

Recovery of rare earths from ion-absorbed rare earths ore with MgSO4-ascorbic acid compound leaching agent

The magnesium sulfate leaching technology for the ion-absorbed rare earths ore can solve the ammonia pollution problem existing in ammonium sulfate leaching process. However, the leaching capacity of magnesium sulfate is slightly weaker than that of ammonium sulfate, resulting in a bigger consumption of magnesium sulfate. In this paper, the MgSO_4-ascorbic acid compound leaching agent had been demonstrated to deal with the ion-absorbed rare earths ore. The ascorbic acid could form a stable coordination with rare earth ions, so that it can strengthen the leaching of ion-exchangeable phase.Moreover, ascorbic acid has a strong reductive property, it can leach the colloidal sediment phase rare earth as well. The present study investigates the effect of the initial pH and the composition of leaching agent on the rare earth leaching. It is determined that the rare earth leaching efficiency is 107.5% under the condition of pH 2.00,0.15 mol/L magnesium sulfate and 1.0 g/L ascorbic acid in leaching agent. In this case, the content of the ion-exchangeable phase and colloidal sediment phase rare earth in the leaching residues are both only 0.02‰. The leaching efficiency of colloid sediment phase rare earth can be 85.7%,so that the Ce partition in the leaching liquor increases to be 5.77%. The magnesium-ascorbic acid compound leaching agent is proposed to be a promising choice to deal with the ion-absorbed rare earths ore, which can realize the efficient leaching, low consumption of MgSO_4 and environmentally friendly leaching.     

降低离子型稀土原地浸矿残留稀土的对策探讨

离子吸附型稀土矿是国家战略资源,加强稀土废弃矿资源综合利用、充分回收残留稀土资源是今后稀土研究领域重要研究方向之一.文章在总结离子吸附型稀土矿提取工艺发展演变的基础上,重点分析了离子吸附型稀土废弃矿中残留稀土原因及其赋存状态.研究结果表明,离子吸附型稀土废弃矿中残留稀土的主要因素有浸矿过程的浸矿盲区、毛细现象、风化不完...     

超声波强化浸取离子型稀土矿中稀土

利用超声波的空化作用可有效强化南方离子型稀土矿中稀土的浸出,从而提高稀土浸出率并缩短矿物中稀土总量的分析时间。在20 g/L的硫酸铵浸矿液中超声浸矿30 min,可使离子型稀土的浸出率达99%以上,而传统搅拌法需4 h,甚至浸取过夜。超声法与搅拌法对干扰杂质铁、铝的浸出率相近,加入乙酰丙酮及磺基水杨酸等掩蔽剂后不影响EDTA滴定稀土时的终点判断,且测定结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定结果一致性好。     

Evaluating the fractionation of ion-adsorption rare earths for in-situ leaching and metallogenic mechanism

The fractionation of ion adsorption rare earths (IAREs) along the depth in a shaft of a deposit at Dajishan, Jiangxi, China was comparatively evaluated using the partition values (PVs) and relative fractionation values (RFVs) of the leached rare earths (REs). It is found that both PVs and RFVs can objectively reflect the migration and fractionation of REs, but RE content and abrasion pH could not. However, the RFVs can provide more information to quantitatively evaluating the migration and fractionation characteristics of REs along the selected direction and region than PVs could, which is of significance for designing the optimal procedures of in-situ leaching based on the determined flow direction of injecting solution. It is demonstrated that the migration of Ce, Pr, and Nd along the depth direction is inert, and that of REs post Sm and Y is active. Meanwhile, the migration of La shows region characteristics which is active in the upper and inert in lower region. More interesting, the dependence of RFVs on atomic number of REs displays a tetrad group variation trend. However, the fractionation of REs among clay minerals with different particle sizes is not evident, especially for the clay in the bottom region. These results indicate that the migration and fractionation of REs not only are dominated by the adsorption of their hydrated ions, but also rely on their hydrolysis tendency, which provide information for understanding the metallogenic mechanism of IAREs.     

EDTA滴定法测定稀土铝中间合金中稀土总量

准确测定稀土铝中间合金中稀土总量,对于有效控制稀土铝中间合金的生产技术和产品质量具有重要意义。用400g/L氢氧化钠溶液溶解试样,此时,稀土与氢氧化钠反应生成氢氧化稀土沉淀,而铝与氢氧化钠反应后以偏铝酸根的形式留在了试液中,过滤,实现了铝与稀土元素的分离;用盐酸溶解沉淀,加入氢氟酸,此时稀土和氢氟酸反应生成氟化稀土沉淀,而铁与氢氟酸反应形成络合物留在溶液中,过滤,实现了干扰元素铁与稀土元素的分离;加入盐酸和高氯酸溶解沉淀,用抗坏血酸还原残留铁(Ⅲ),乙酰丙酮溶液掩蔽残留的少量干扰元素铝,控制pH 5.5,以二甲酚橙作指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定至溶液由红紫色变为亮黄色即为终点,建立了EDTA滴定法测定稀土铝中间合金中稀土总量的方法。将实验方法用于稀土铝中间合金(镧铝、钐铝、铒铝、钇铝)试样中稀土总量的测定,并在试样中分别加入不同量的于950℃马弗炉中灼烧过的高纯氧化镧、高纯氧化钐、高纯氧化铒和高纯氧化钇试剂进行加标回收试验,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)不大于0.30%,加标回收率为99.6%～100.4%。选取镧铝、钐铝试样,按照实验方法测定其中稀土总量,并采用国标GB/T...     

石蜡相分光光度法测定稀土的研究

系统研究了稀土 -8 羟基喹啉显色体系在石蜡相中的显色反应。在NH4Cl-NH3·H2 O(pH 9)介质中 ,稀土 -8 羟基喹啉显色络合物可定量被石蜡萃取 ,且固相色阶明显 ,RE2 O3 在 0～ 80 μg/ 5 0mL范围内符合比尔定律 ,从而建立了测量稀土的新的固相分光光度法。大多数干扰离子可通过控制溶液酸度进行萃取分离。方法应用于江西稀土矿中稀土总量的测定 ,结果满意。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定轻稀土精矿中稀土总量

作为稀土工业的原料,稀土精矿中稀土总量的测定方法步骤多、流程长。实验采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定轻稀土精矿中稀土总量,研究了制样和测量条件。准确称取6.000 0g无水四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂混合熔剂(质量比2∶1)于铂黄坩埚中,以0.500 0g硝酸锂为氧化剂消除试样中还原物质对铂黄坩埚的侵蚀,称取0.600 0g稀土精矿试样,再于试样表面均匀覆盖0.500 0g氧化硼防止试样喷溅,滴加0.5mL 20mg/mL的溴化铵溶液作为脱模剂。将坩埚放进预加热到1 050℃的熔样机内熔融19min制备样片,可消除矿物效应、粒度效应及表面效应。通过各稀土元素X射线荧光谱线的选择减少谱线干扰,以经验系数法校正谱线干扰和基体效应,用稀土精矿标样建立各稀土元素校准曲线。各组分校准曲线的相关系数在0.991~0.999之间,试样重复测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.5%,稀土总量测定结果与重量法一致。方法的精密度和正确度能够满足生产要求。     

三溴偶氮胂分光光度法测定镁合金中稀土总量

采用三溴偶氮胂分光光度法,以盐酸分解含单一或混合轻稀土镧、铈、镨、钕和中稀土钐、钆的镁基合金,25 mL溶液中0.6 g/L显色剂用量为3～8 mL,盐酸浓度为0.5～1.0 mol/L,在640 nm波长下测定了镁基合金中的稀土总量。基体镁对测定无干扰。轻、中稀土总量的质量浓度在0.2～0.8 μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²在0.999以上,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_RE为(1.10～1.19)×10⁵ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。按照实验方法测定各类稀土镁合金样品中稀土总量,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不超过1.6%;并与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定结果相一致。