棉杆对水中碱性品红的吸附研究

以棉杆为吸附材料,研究了吸附时间、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、染料浓度、温度对棉花杆吸附水溶液中碱性品红的影响。用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对吸附平衡数据进行非线性回归分析。结果表明,Langmuir等温线方程对平衡实验数据拟合良好,棉杆对碱性品红的吸附行为符合准2级动力学模型吸附,该吸附属于化学吸附。棉杆能有效地去除水中的碱性品红,可作为一种新型吸附剂应用于活性染料废水的处理。     

竹炭对碱性品红的吸附性能研究

研究了竹炭对碱性品红染料的吸附性能,考察了竹炭用量、竹炭粒径、吸附时间、pH值、温度和染料浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,脱色率随着竹炭用量的增加而增大,竹炭粒径的减小而增加,用200~300目竹炭处理25 mg/L的碱性品红溶液,当加入量为4 g/L时,吸附平衡时间为10 h,脱色率为90.1%;在不改变碱性品红结构的pH范围内(pH<9),脱色率均大于74%;溶液温度升高,脱色率增大,但随着染料浓度增加,温度对脱色率的影响越来越小;Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述竹炭对碱性品红的吸附行为。     

环糊精聚合物对碱性品红的吸附

以β-环糊精及氯乙酸为起始原料,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,合成了具有不同取代度和不同交联度的羧甲基-β-环糊精交联聚合物(PCM--βCD)。研究了吸附时间(振荡时间)、溶液酸度、温度、碱性品红初始浓度等吸附条件对吸附性能的影响,考察了不同取代度和不同交联度的PCM-β-CD对碱性品红的吸附能力。实验结果表明:室温条件下振荡2 h即可达到吸附平衡;pH值为5~6时吸附效果较好。PCM-β-CD对碱性品红的吸附量与碱性品红溶液初始浓度有关。随着碱性品红溶液质量浓度增加,PCM-β-CD的QA也逐渐增加;QA随取代度的增大而降低,而交联度对QA则无明显影响;用IR和XRD表征了PCM-β-CD的结构。     

海藻酸纤维对碱性品红的吸附性能研究

以自制海藻酸纤维为吸附剂,考察了吸附剂用量、溶液温度、吸附时间和溶液pH值等因素对海藻酸纤维吸附碱性品红的吸附效果的影响。结果表明:脱色率随海藻酸纤维加入量的增加而提高,随着溶液温度升高而迅速下降;加酸或加碱都不利于海藻酸纤维对碱性品红的吸附;对于40 mg/L的碱性品红溶液,当海藻酸纤维的加入量为5 g/L,室温下振荡40 min既能达到吸附平衡,脱色率可达96%;Freundlich等温方程能很好地描述海藻酸纤维对碱性品红的吸附,其吸附行为是物理吸附,吸附过程为熵减过程;海藻酸纤维经过8次再生后,对碱性品红的脱色率仍可达到93%以上,可重复利用。     

改性钢渣处理碱性品红染料废水研究

通过对钢渣的改性,大大提高了钢渣处理碱性品红染料废水的能力,考察了改性钢渣与钢渣吸附性能的比较、改性钢渣颗粒度大小、溶液pH、固液比等因素对吸附的影响以及吸附等温曲线.结果表明：改性吸附剂有更好的吸附能力,脱色率达98.89%,吸附量可达到71.9mg/g,吸附剂的再生简单易行。     

聚胺酸修饰酵母对碱性品红和亚甲基蓝的吸附行为

用面包酵母作单体、戊二醛为变联剂,制备成交联酵母后用聚胺酸进行修饰,得到聚胺酸修饰酵母.研究了pH值、染料浓度、吸附时间、温度对聚胺酸修饰酵母吸附能力的影响.结果表明,聚胺酸修饰面包酵母可同时吸附碱性品红和亚甲基蓝.在pH值为4.0～11.0,酸度对吸附量的影响较小,吸附反应分别在40、20min达到平衡,过程符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量分别为335.9、694.2mg·g-1.     

Adsorption of Lysozyme Using Citric Acid Modified Waste Beer Yeast

To prepare a novel biosorbent, we modified waste beer yeast with citric acid using NaH₂PO₄ as catalyst in N,N-dimethylformamide. We characterized the absorbent using Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We examined the factors of pH, temperature, adsorption time, initial lysozyme concentration, and NaCl ionic strength on the adsorption capacity. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, the adsorption capacity of lysozyme was 909.09 mg · g^?1, 11.06-fold higher than that of the unmodified. When it was eluted by 1.0 mol · L^?1 NaCl, the desorption efficiency reached 84.8%. We then used the modified waste beer yeast to separate and purify the lysozyme from egg white, and the lysozyme could be purified in 27.5-fold in a single step with a total enzyme activity recovery of 71.3%. In addition, the regenerated biomass could be used again with little loss of the adsorption capacity. We found that the Langmuir model fitted the lysozyme adsorption isotherm better. Taken together, the modified waste beer yeast can purify lysozyme from chicken egg white in a rapid and cost-efficient way.     

Equilibrium studies on adsorption of basic dyes on hardwood

Equilibrium conditions of adsorption of a basic dye on hardwood sawdust were studied using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Two sets of experiments were carried out at different particle sizes and temperatures. The adsorption of the basic dye on hardwood was found to conform with the two isotherms. The capacity of hardwood for the adsorption of basic dye was found to increase by decreasing the particle size and increasing the temperature. The cost of hardwood adsorbent is only 8.4% that of activated carbon.     

Modified basic distillation configurations with intermediate sections for energy savings

Basic distillation configurations have been well studied, comprising of energy efficient (n ? 1)‐column configurations that can be used to separate an n‐component nonazeotropic feed mixture into its components. In this article, we present new (n ? 1)‐column configurations which differ from the conventional basic configurations due to the introduction of extra intermediate sections and the additional transfer‐streams associated with submixtures of these sections. We demonstrate using four‐component examples that these small differences lead to some interesting nonintuitive physical effects in the new configurations, resulting in large energy savings compared to the basic configurations. The proposed configurations offer more operable and energy efficient options for onsite implementation than the corresponding optimally operated basic configurations. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1091–1097, 2014     

废啤酒酵母同步吸附水中Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的研究

利用废啤酒酵母同步吸附处理含Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+废水,考察了初始pH、反应时间和初始浓度等因素对去除率的影响,并对吸附动力学进行探讨.结果表明:废啤酒酵母对Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+同步吸附去除率大小依次为Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Zn2+;三者之间存在竞争吸附;拟二级动力学方程相关系数R2＞0.99,对Pb2+和在低浓度条件下拟合情况更好,内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制吸附速率.     

生物转化法生产果糖1,6-二磷酸反应条件优化

研究了利用游离酵母细胞转化葡萄糖为果糖１,６－二磷酸（ＦＤＰ）的反应条件。采用甲苯进行细胞透性化处理获得优化效果。合适的反应条件为：温度３５～４０℃、ｐＨ６．０、葡萄糖浓度大于０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和无机磷浓度小于０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在该条件下,于补料分批式反应中,ＦＤＰ积累浓度达到０．３９９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１３５．６５ｇ／Ｌ）,对糖收率达到２８．２％。     

Equilibrium adsorption isotherms for basic dyes onto lignite

The adsorption of two basic dyes in aqueous solutions onto lignite is reported. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms are recorded for the dyes in single component solution. The isotherms are plotted to obtain the Freundlich constants, the Langmuir constants, and the Redlich-Peterson constants.     

碱式碳酸镁催化酚醛聚合制备多孔炭及其CO2吸附性能

利用碱式碳酸镁的催化功能及易分解特性,实现间苯二酚、甲醛的快速凝胶,炭化得到孔隙发达的整体式多孔炭(MCM-Mg),其轴向抗压强度达9.4 MPa。与普通碳酸盐催化的样品相比,MCM-Mg孔隙更为发达。273 K下该系列样品的静态CO₂吸附量可达3.49~4.50 mmol·g^-1 (0.1 MPa),0.015 MPa最高可达1.87 mmol·g^-1。研究发现,微孔对材料吸附性能起主导作用;MCM-Mg的单位微孔比表面积可吸附7.15 μmol CO₂,超过了大部分活化法制备的炭材料。多组分动态穿透实验表明,该系列材料可实现CO₂/N₂的完全分离;材料具有良好的耐水汽性能和循环吸附-脱附性能,室温下经惰性气体吹扫即可实现再生。     

蔗渣酶法水解过程的酶吸附和活性

以纸浆甘蔗渣纤维素为底物,使用纤维素酶为催化剂,在50℃,pH为4.8的条件下研究了釜式及固定床反应流程,考察酶的吸附及活性.结果表明,固定床反应器的酶吸附比釜式多,而酶的活性变化在两种型式反应器中比较接近.