飞机目标红外辐射特性研究现状概述

主要介绍了近年来国内外飞机目标红外辐射特性研究现状.分别介绍了影响飞机目标红外辐射特性的主要物理因素,国外飞机目标红外辐射特性计算软件,飞机目标主要红外辐射源,飞行目标红外辐射特性外场飞行测试与相应软件仿真误差,以及国内飞机目标红外辐射特性研究现状.     

空中飞机红外成像仿真模型研究

从红外辐射和热传导基本定律出发,综合考虑目标实际结构、太阳辐射、天空长波辐射、气动加热及周围环境辐射等因素的影响,依据空中快速目标热辐射特性,分析气动加热对飞机蒙皮辐射的作用,运用等效热阻对内热源部分进行估算,突出发动机传热部分对飞机整体辐射产生的影响,并建立一种可靠实用的空中飞机红外成像仿真模型,仿真过程中结合对空实拍红外图像进行动态调整,目标模拟结果真实感较强。     

F35隐身战斗机红外辐射特性建模

建模研究了F35隐身战斗机的红外辐射特性。根据隐身飞机的结构、材料等数据,建立了隐身飞机和发动机的三维模型。通过流场仿真计算得到飞机机体的温度场,尾焰的温度场、压力场以及气体组分浓度场。利用高温气体数据库HITEMP,建立尾焰的窄谱带辐射模型,计算了尾焰气体沿视线的光谱透过率,获得了尾焰的光谱亮度数据及亮度分布图像。建立了尾喷口和蒙皮的辐射模型,获得了飞机各方位角光谱辐射特性及辐射强度数据,计算结果表明由于发动机推力显著增加隐身战斗机红外辐射特性依然比较明显。最后生成了F35隐身战斗机在中波波段的红外序列图像,可用于红外成像制导武器研制中的数字仿真和半实物仿真。     

飞机红外辐射建模与仿真

基于红外辐射有关理论,建立了飞机红外辐射强度的理论计算模型.该模型实现了在不同状态、不同观测角度条件下飞机红外辐射强度的计算.最后,利用上述模型对某型飞机红外辐射强度进行仿真,并对仿真结果作了分析.     

飞机红外辐射特性分析与易损性评估

飞机红外辐射特性与易损性评估研究对于提高飞机生存力和隐身技术研究有重要意义。飞机的红外辐射特性可以被用来探测、跟踪和锁定目标。基于红外辐射相关理论,建立了飞机蒙皮、发动机热部件和尾焰红外辐射计算模型。通过计算三大辐射源的红外辐射,分析了飞机的速度、发动机热部件等对飞机红外辐射特征的影响。最后讨论了红外辐射强度和目标易损性的关系。     

临近空间高超声速飞行器红外辐射特性分析

为了对临近空间高超声速飞行器进行有效探测和预警,以X-51A为例,计算火箭助推段、超燃发动机工作段和无动力滑翔段、飞行器蒙皮、喷管和尾焰的双波段红外辐射特性.红外辐射计算的关键在于温度和有效辐射面积的确定.根据修正Lees驻点热流密度方法和辐射平衡时的辐射传热公式,计算出蒙皮的温度.用加力燃烧的涡喷发动机模型近似计算喷管的温度.把导弹尾焰温度分布场模型进行三段式简化,模拟出尾焰的红外辐射特性.仿真结果表明,在X-51A的不同飞行阶段,从不同探测角度观察到的各辐射部位对总体红外辐射贡献率差异较大;速度对蒙皮的红外辐射影响较大,而喷管和尾焰的红外辐射与火箭和超燃冲压发动机的燃烧状态有关.分析指出,当高超声速飞行器飞行姿态发生变化,或者在不同的飞行阶段,更适合采用双波段进行探测.     

飞行目标红外辐射特性研究及仿真实现

针对当前飞行目标红外辐射仿真计算存在的条件适用性较差的问题,采用较为简便且可靠的建模方法,对飞行目标红外辐射按辐射来源进行划分,并建立各部分红外辐射模型。以该模型为基础,在CVI环境中编写了针对不同条件下飞行目标红外辐射特性的仿真计算程序。通过计算实例,对不同条件下目标飞行辐射特性进行分析,得出其水平方向上最大及最小辐射强度。在与其他参考文献的数据进行对比后,得出该仿真计算方法具有较高的可行性及准确性的结论,为红外目标的硬件模拟提供了理论基础。     

战斗机红外点源目标特性计算方法

研究了作为点源目标的战斗机红外辐射特性.将飞机的红外辐射分为排气系统辐射和蒙皮辐射两部分,根据红外辐射相关理论,提出了各自的红外辐射计算方法.在排气系统辐射的计算中,将实测数据、流场计算结果与经验公式相结合,并考虑了尾焰对尾喷口辐射的吸收以及多条尾焰的相互作用.通过计算不同状态、不同波段的战斗机红外辐射,得到了目标辐射随方向、速度、高度、发动机状态的变化规律,并验证了所建计算模型的正确性.     

发射率对飞机蒙皮温度及红外辐射特性的影响

建立了某型飞机的简化几何模型,并设置了飞机的飞行航迹。综合考虑了太阳辐射、地球辐射、大气辐射和气动加热的多种因素,结合飞机蒙皮材料物理特性,针对涂覆三种不同发射率的隐身涂层蒙皮建立了导热物理模型,采用一维导热方程计算了飞机在12:00~12:45时间段飞行时不同发射率的蒙皮表面的温度分布。最后综合考虑了环境辐射的影响,分别对具有不同发射率的飞机蒙皮3~5 m和8~14 m两个波段的红外辐射强度进行了数值计算。结果表明:随着蒙皮发射率的减小,在一定程度上能降低蒙皮在8~14 m波段的红外辐射强度,但是因环境因素的影响,仅仅通过降低蒙皮发射率,飞机红外隐身的效果并不理想。     

飞机的红外图像仿真

飞机在高空高速的条件下飞行时,红外图像的获取通常较为困难。为解决这一问题,将整机辐射分解为机体辐射与排气系统辐射两大部分,以经典红外辐射理论为基础,结合传热学及射流动力学工程模型,建立了一种实时性较好的飞机红外图像生成模型。在求解蒙皮表面温度场时,采用求解热平衡方程法,综合考虑气动加热、内热源加热、环境辐射热量与蒙皮向外辐射热量对蒙皮温度的作用。计算排气系统红外辐射时,采用基于包络面的红外辐射计算方法,将尾焰流场计算的工程模型、包络面模型及非均匀气体计算模型相结合。最后利用VC++平台与OpenGL图形库编程生成了飞机的红外图像。仿真图像为成像制导武器的仿真提供了目标源,在成像制导武器系统的评估测试中有一定参考价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks