超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器是一种介于电池和传统电容器的一种新的储能器件,也叫电化学超级电容器。介绍了目前国内外的超级电容器电极材料的研究现状以及展望,如碳材料、金属氧化物、导电聚合物。     

超级电容器电极材料用导电聚合物复合材料研究进展

导电聚合物作为超级电容器的电极材料有成本低、容量高、充放电速度快和安全性高等特点。综述了以聚噻吩、聚吡咯、聚苯胺等本征型导电高分子材料为基体,填充碳系材料(石墨烯、碳纳米管和活性炭)、无机氧化物、金属氧化物等制备的导电聚合物复合材料,概括了导电聚合物复合材料在超级电容器电极材料应用中的优势,提出制备兼具高比电容和良好稳定性的复合材料是该领域重要的发展方向。     

石墨烯基材料在超级电容器中的研究进展

超级电容器作为一种新型的储能器件,具有广泛的应用前景。石墨烯基材料表现出优异的电化学性能,在超级电容器电极材料方面具有潜在的应用价值。文章简单对石墨烯/碳,石墨烯/金属氧化物,石墨烯/导电聚合物等三类石墨烯基超级电容器电极材料进行简单论述。     

石墨烯在超级电容器电极材料中的应用

石墨烯由于其独特的二维结构和优异的物理性质,如高电导率、高比表面积等,是目前最具潜力的超级电容器的电极材料之一。本文综述了石墨烯作为超级电容器电极材料的研究进展,包括石墨烯的改性与结构设计、石墨烯与赝电容电极材料复合(如金属氧化物和导电聚合物)、石墨烯与其他炭材料复合等。并对石墨烯应用到超级电容器电极材料中存在的问题展开了讨论。     

浅谈超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

介绍了碳材料、金属氧化物和导电聚合物及其复合材料等超级电容器电极材料的研究现状,并指出其发展方向是制备性能优异的复合材料和实现材料纳米化。     

超级电容器电极材料的研究发展

电极是超级电容器一个重要的组成部分,电极材料是决定超级电容器性能最重要的因素。本文主要综述了超级电容器的性能优点、工作原理、应用前景,并详细介绍了碳素材料、过渡金属氧化物、导电聚合物等三类超级电容器电极材料的研究进展。     

基于复合电极材料的超级电容器研究进展

综述了基于复合电极材料作超级电容器电极材料的研究现状,总结了近几年来在开发超级电容器电极材料领域中将炭材料、金属氧化物、导电聚合物三者复合得到的二元、三元复合电极材料的研究进展以及现状,并探讨了超级电容器复合电极材料的发展方向和研究重点。     

超级电容器电极材料研究最新进展

超级电容器是一种介于传统电容器与化学电源之间的新型储能元件,它具有充电时间短、循环寿命长、功率密度大、能量密度高、适用温度范围宽和经济环保等优势,目前在很多领域都受到广泛关注。本文概述了超级电容器电极材料的研究情况,包括碳基材料、金属氧化物材料及导电聚合物材料等。     

锰基氧化物与碳复合材料超级电容器研究进展

超级电容器作为一种环保的新型储能装置,具有超高的功率密度,循环寿命长、工作温度区间大、经济环保等优势。MnO_2作为常见的过渡金属氧化物,具有超高的理论电容、化学稳定性强、成本低、经济环保等特点,经常用作非对称超级电容的电极极材料。将MnO_2与导电性能好的碳基材料组成,可以构建比容量大和循环稳定性强的复合材料。综述了近年来MnO_2-碳复合材料在超级电容器中的研究发展,总结了MnO_2-碳基超级电容器面临的挑战和未来发展趋势。     

超级电容器MnO_2基复合电极材料的研究现状

本文综述了超级电容器MnO_2基复合电极材料的研究进展,结果表明纳米结构的碳材料或导电聚合物与MnO_2复合能提升电极材料的比电容,但在循环性能上还有待提高。纳米结构碳材料、导电聚合物与MnO_2合成形成多元复合电极体现出较大的优势。构建微观结构与宏观性能之间的内在关联机制对于进一步提升MnO_2基电极材料的性能意义重大。     

模板法合成一维纳米材料的研究进展

模板合成法是一种控制并改进纳米微粒在结构材料中的排列、改善纳米材料性能的有效手段,可以用来合成导电聚合物、碳、金属、半导体以及其他无机纳米材料,在电池、光催化、药物合成和生命科学等领域得到了广泛的应用。介绍了以多孔氧化铝、多孔氧化硅、高分子聚合物以及其他物质为模板合成碳、金属、半导体和聚合物等高度取向的纳米一维管状或线状材料的研究进展。     

A review on conducting polymer coatings for corrosion protection

Corrosion of metals is one of the most important problems in the manufacturing industries. Many corrosion control methods use coatings of conducting polymers and conversion layers that contain toxic and environmentally hazardous materials, especially chromium compounds. These objectives have led to the development of new protective coating strategies that employs nanocomposites and carbon-based materials. In recent years, conducting polymers have attracted much attention because of their wide range of industrial applications and economic viability. Polymers possess long-chain carbon linkages and therefore, upon adsorption are able to block large areas of the corroding metal surfaces. The thin films adsorbed on the metal substrate provide a barrier effect between the metal and its environment. This review article summarizes the different techniques used in corrosion protection of metals, conducting polymers and nanomaterials, nanocomposites, and carbon-based materials in corrosion science.     

One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications

Intrinsically conducting polymers have been studied extensively due to their intriguing electronic and redox properties and numerous potential applications in many fields since their discovery in 1970s. To improve and extend their functions, the fabrication of multi-functionalized conducting polymer nanocomposites has attracted a great deal of attention because of the emergence of nanotechnology. This article presents an overview of the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) conducting polymer nanocomposites and their properties and applications. Nanocomposites consist of conducting polymers and one or more components, which can be carbon nanotubes, metals, oxide nanomaterials, chalcogenides, insulating or conducting polymers, biological materials, metal phthalocyanines and porphyrins, etc. The properties of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites will be widely discussed. Special attention is paid to the difference in the properties between 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites and bulk conducting polymers. Applications of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites described include electronic nanodevices, chemical and biological sensors, catalysis and electrocatalysis, energy, microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, electrorheological (ER) fluids, and biomedicine. The advantages of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites over the parent conducting polymers are highlighted. Combined with the intrinsic properties and synergistic effect of each component, it is anticipated that 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites will play an important role in various fields of nanotechnology.     

基于Co(Ⅱ)配合物前驱体的微纳米Co_3O_4功能材料的研究进展

金属有机骨架化合物(MOFs)是由有机配体和金属节点通过自组装形成的一类具有周期性结构和较大比表面积的材料。目前,选择MOFs材料作为前驱体,经高温焙烧合成纳米金属氧化物或纳米复合金属氧化物材料是一大研究热点。综述了近年来以Co基配位聚合物为前驱体制备纳米Co_3O_4或Co_3O_4/碳纳米复合材料的方法,以及Co_3O_4纳米材料在锂离子电池负极材料、超级电容器、电催化析氧反应、气敏材料及催化剂材料等研究领域的应用,并对其今后的发展进行了展望。     

Research progress on polymer-inorganic thermoelectric nanocomposite materials

A thermoelectric (TE) material is a material where a potential difference is generated as a result of a temperature difference or the corollary of this where a temperature difference is generated when a voltage is applied. These phenomena can be used to generate electricity and/or control temperature. Traditionally, thermoelectric materials are inorganic semiconductors which have been limited in their application by low efficiency and high cost. Since the 1990s, both theoretical and experimental studies have shown that low-dimensional TE materials, such as superlattices and nanowires, can enhance the value of the TE figure of merit (ZT) which is an indicator of TE thermodynamic efficiency. To date it has not been feasible to apply these materials in large-scale energy-conversion processes because of limitations in both their heat transfer efficiency and cost. When compared to inorganic materials, organic conducting polymers possess some unique features, such as low density, low cost, low thermal conductivity, easy synthesis and versatile processability and their use in preparing polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposites appears to have great potential for producing relatively low cost and high-performance TE materials. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported on polymeric and polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposite materials. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on the conducting polymers and their corresponding TE nanocomposites. Its main focus is the TE nanocomposites based on conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PTH), poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as well as other polymers such as polyacetylene (PA), polypyrrole (PPY), polycarbazoles (PC) and polyphenylenevinylene (PPV). Typically, polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposites are produced by physical mixing, solution mixing and in situ polymerization. The key factors that limit the use of these polymers and their polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposites as TE materials are their low ZT values. More recent developments designed to overcome the limitation including, for example, the use of carbon nanotubes and graphenes and the use of computational modelling to accelerate the selection of suitable pairs of conductive polymer and inorganic TE materials to achieve best possible nanocomposites are reviewed.     

氨气深度脱除材料与技术研究进展

氨气（NH₃）作为一种危害性碱性有毒气体,不仅危害环境,而且会对人体造成不可逆伤害。在电子信息、能源等行业,极微量的NH₃即可影响产品品质、降低过程性能。因此,NH₃的深度脱除在工业上具有重要的意义。本文综述了近年来NH₃深度脱除的工艺现状,分析了NH₃脱除材料如离子液体、低共熔溶剂、改性活性炭、分子筛、改性氧化铝、金属盐类、金属有机框架材料、多孔有机聚合物、共价有机骨架材料、氧化石墨烯、普鲁士蓝类似物对NH₃的分离性能。总结了深度脱除NH₃的工艺特点和脱氨材料的性能,浅析了该领域发展面临的问题,并对未来的发展方向提出了建议。     

Recent advances in hybrids of carbon nanotube network films and nanomaterials for their potential applications as transparent conducting films

The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as transparent conducting films is one of the most promising aspects of CNT-based applications due to their high electrical conductivity, transparency, and flexibility. However, despite many efforts in this field, the conductivity of carbon nanotube network films at high transmittance is still not sufficient to replace the present electrodes, indium tin oxide (ITO), due to the contact resistances and semi-conducting nanotubes of the nanotube network films. Many studies have attempted to overcome such problems by the chemical doping and hybridization of conducting guest components by various methods, including acid treatment, deposition of metal nanoparticles, and the creation of a composite of conducting polymers. This review focuses on recent advances in surface-modified carbon nanotube networks for transparent conducting film applications. Fabrication methods will be described, and the stability of carbon nanotube network films prepared by various methods will be demonstrated.     

Electroless recovery of silver by inherently conducting polymer powders, membranes and composite materials

A wide variety of inherently conducting polymers, including polypyrroles and polyanilines, were shown to reduce silver ion in aqueous solution, demonstrating that these materials may form the basis of a novel approach to silver recovery. The effect of varying the polymer, dopant, and underlying substrate (reticulated vitreous carbon or fabric) was investigated, as was the effect of changing the pH of the solution containing silver. Silver recovery was found to proceed more readily from solutions with near neutral pH than from solutions with strongly acidic pH, and to occur selectively from solutions containing both silver and iron. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed deposits that formed on polymeric materials after prolonged exposure to concentrated silver nitrate solutions were partially crystalline in nature. XPS spectra provided support for a mechanism of silver recovery involving a redox reaction between the polymer and silver ions leading to the formation of silver metal.     

CO2吸收材料的研究进展

全球变暖已成为当前困扰人类生存和发展的重大障碍,因此,CO2吸收材料的研究成为了当前科学研究的热点。本文介绍了CO2捕获和富集的几种方法,主要包括溶剂吸收法、吸附法,并按照基质的不同将吸附法分为金属氧化物类、纤维类、活性炭类、分子筛类、碳纳米管类、聚合物类。同时介绍了其研究进展,并简述了各自的优缺点。指出氨基修饰的碳纳米管是一种很有潜力的CO2吸收材料。     

Sol-gel with phase separation. Hierarchically porous materials optimized for high-performance liquid chromatography separations

Sol-gel processes for fabricating oxides or metalloxane polymers with controlled porous structures have been reviewed. Gel materials having controlled macropores are synthesized by polymerization-induced phase separation and concurrent sol-gel transition in a variety of chemical compositions. Several variations of tailoring mesopore structures within the macroporous materials are introduced, which enable one to design hierarchically porous metal oxide and metalloxane polymer materials. Applications of monolithic silica gels having hierarchical macro/mesoporous structure to the separation media of high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, are described.