营养物及补料方式对重组酵母产α—淀粉酶的影响

为解决95%乙醇浸出大豆油工艺中的几个难点，探索了新的油料预处理方法。将自然水分的大豆粉碎至20mesh，在140～180℃下烘20～30min，浸出效率明显提高，溶剂比为2.5:1时，油脂质量分数18%的大豆浸出残油率为0.6%。而且油料预烘温度对浸出混合油中的磷脂含量及粕中溶剂的回收均有明显的影响，大豆经180℃预处理，混合油中磷脂质量分数为0.186%，回收后粕中乙醇残留量仅0.45%。研究的大豆预处理新工艺十分有利于用95%乙醇浸出时提高浸出效率，降低磷脂的浸出量和粕对乙醇的吸附。     

稀硫酸预浸渍对玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破预处理的影响

为提高纤维素乙醇生产中传统蒸汽爆破预处理的效果,以稀硫酸（质量浓度0．2％）对玉米秸秆进行预浸渍,再于190～210℃对其进行汽爆预处理。结果表明：稀硫酸预浸渍有利于增强汽爆过程中半纤维素的水解程度,并能有效减少乙酸的生成;200℃预处理玉米秸秆经过96h同步糖化发酵,最终乙醇浓度为22．5g·L-1,为理论值的76％,较预浸渍前（19．0g·L-1）明显提高。稀硫酸预浸渍能够增强玉米秸秆的汽爆预处理效果。     

消息动态(5)

双组分无溶剂鞋用聚氨酯胶粕剂广东省劳动保护科学研究所研制的一种双组分聚氨酯鞋用胶,A组分为由24－TI）I及聚醚二醇、聚醚三醇制成端NCO预聚体,NCO质量分数为4％－10％,加入白碳黑、氧化钙填料及催化剂。B组分为聚醚二醇、聚醚三醇及rFDI制成的端羟基聚氨酯预聚体及胺类固化剂。填料等配制而成。将A组分与B组分以1：0．5配胶．粘接后于80－95℃加热固化15ban,并室温放置1天后,PU革（或猫皮）与橡胶鞋底的剥离强度为45－55N／cm,剪切强度1．35－l．55MPa。消息动态(5)@吴自强…     

用乙醇-水从双液相棉粕中提取棉子糖的研究

用双液相萃取工艺处理后的棉籽粕为原料,乙醇-水溶液为溶剂进行了棉子糖的提取试验,并考察了影响浸出率的因素。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验得出优化后的提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数为70%,提取温度60℃,提取时间150 m in,物料溶剂比1∶14(即每克物料需14 mL溶剂)。在此工艺条件下,棉子糖的浸出率为92.5%。     

大豆脂肪氧合酶催化合成氢过氧化玉米胚芽油

研究了大豆脂肪氧合酶催化合成氢过氧化玉米胚芽油的反应。考察了溶剂种类、溶剂量、温度、底物浓度对氢过氧化玉米胚芽油得率的影响。较佳反应条件为：5℃下．当溶剂乙醇体积分数为4％,底物浓度100g／L,硼酸-硼砂缓冲液（pH9．0）,反应1．5h后氢过氧化玉米胚芽油得率为53．3％。     

刺莲叶脉中栲胶浸出方法的探索

初步研究结果表明，在使用65％以上的乙醇水溶液（其中用水为蒸馏水），加入适量的表面活性剂为浸提液，刺莲叶脉粒度为0．2－0．3cm方块，浸提温度为50－60℃，浸出时间为2－3h，浸提液PH＝6－7等条件下可得到栲胶9％左右。     

聚乙烯醇缩丁醛与聚氯乙烯的掺混物

披露了一种新物质,其中高旭东回收的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,其质量分数最大达到95％,其余为聚氯乙烯5％－95％、高分子质量乙烯类固体相容剂1％－50％、无机填料0－90％、低分子质量液体增塑剂0－50％。给出了制备这种新物质的工艺。     

溶剂法回收聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料工艺的研究

研究了溶剂法回收聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(EPS)的操作方法和优化工艺条件.通过单因素实验考察了以甲苯/二氯乙烷为混合溶剂溶解EPS,然后通过沉淀法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒.结果表明,优化的工艺条件为甲苯/二氯乙烷混合溶剂中甲苯的体积分数为85％,溶解温度为50℃,溶解时间为30 min,以体积分数为95％乙醇为沉淀剂.PS回收率可达94％以上.     

专利信息双甘膦系列化合物

亚氨基二乙腈水解制备双甘膦的方法 本发明亚氨基二乙腈水解制备双甘膦的方法是在搅拌和压力为－0.01－0．04MPa及温度20～100℃的条件下．以质量分数≥95％亚氨基二乙腈为初始原料，与碱液水解制得亚氨基二乙酸盐水溶液．在搅拌及温度20－120℃的条件下．滴加物质的量为亚氨基二乙腈物质的量的1．0-1．5倍的三氯化磷．     

2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪生产工艺的改进

本文讨论以丁二酮、1，2－丙二胺为原料，合成2，3，5－三甲基吡嗪生产工艺条件的改进，重点讨论溶剂、萃取剂的改变对其产率的影响。结果表明：当丁二酮、1，2－丙二胺、碱土金属氧化物、氢氧化钾，乙醇溶剂的投料比为1：1．1：2．2：2．2：12（物质的量比）时，乙醇溶剂部分改用碱性回收乙醇，萃取剂改用价格低廉的饱和盐水，可大大降低产品的成本，且对其产率不发生影响，以丁二酮计其转化率可达57％左右，产品纯度≥99．0％。     

无分流换热网络的弹性设计(Ⅰ)基于温度波动情形

提出了基于温度波动的无分流换热网络的超结构模型和同步优化的弹性设计方法。对于起始温度在一定范围内波动的物流进行预处理即分段处理,并提出了分段原则;提出了基于规则的网络超结构模型并建立了弹性换热网络同步优化的数学模型;采用遗传算法求解了所提出的优化数学模型;提出了分段物流的合并及能量松弛的原则,对分段物流进行合并,并通过能量松弛方法得到优化的弹性换热网络结构。通过几个换热网络的弹性设计,说明了本方法的有效性和应用前景。     

SYNTHESIS OF FLEXIBLE HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS WITH STREAM NO - SPLITTING(Ⅰ) BASED ON RANGES OF STREAM SUPPLY TEMPERATURES

提出了基于温度波动的无分流换热网络的超结构模型和同步优化的弹性设计方法。对于起始温度在一定范围内波动的物流进行预处理即分段处理,并提出了分段原则;提出了基于规则的网络超结构模型并建立了弹性换热网络同步优化的数学模型;采用遗传算法求解了所提出的优化数学模型;提出了分段物流的合并及能量松弛的原则,对分段物流进行合并,并通过能量松弛方法得到优化的弹性换热网络结构。通过几个换热网络的弹性设计,说明了本方法的有效性和应用前景。     

基于数学规划和知识工程的换热网络合成及其控制性能集成的研究

A method for incorporation of controlling the heat exchanger networks with or without splits is proposed by integrating mathematical programming and knowledge engineering.The simultaneous optimal mathematical model is established.This method can be practically used in the integration of large-scale heat exchanger networks,not only to synthesize automatically but also to satisfy the requirement of structural controllability with more nobjective human intervention.     

用于超结构换热器网络热计算和网络综合的显式解

For the optimal design of a heat exchanger network, the inlet and outlet stream temperatures of each heat exchanger in the network should be known. An explicit analytical solution of stream temperatures of an arbitrary connected heat exchanger network was introduced, which is suitable for the thermal calculation of heat exchanger networks. For the heat exchanger network synthesis, this solution was further developed and coupled with the stage-wise superstructure heat exchanger networks. The new calculation procedure reduced the computer memory requirement dramatically. On the basis of this solution, a mathematical model for synthesis of heat exchanger networks with genetic algorithm was formulated, which is always feasible and no iteration is needed. Two examples were calculated with the proposed approach and better results were obtained.     

A monogenetic algorithm for optimal design of large-scale heat exchanger networks

The optimal design of large-scale heat exchanger networks is a quite difficult task not only due to its non-linear characteristics but also due to a great number of local optima in its solution space. An explicit analytical solution of stream temperatures for the superstructure heat exchanger networks was developed, which reduces number of decision variables significantly. Based on this solution, a mathematical model for synthesis of heat exchanger networks was formulated for searching the optimal configuration of a heat recovery system by a hybrid genetic algorithm. For large-scale heat exchanger networks, a monogenetic algorithm based on the optimization of sub-networks is proposed. In the first step of the optimization, the hybrid genetic algorithm is applied to the synthesis of the whole heat exchanger network for finding the functional groups (sub-networks) rather than the chromosomes (positions of the heat exchangers and splits of the streams) and genes (areas and heat capacity flow rates). Then the monogenetic algorithm for evolution of the functional groups is carried out to improve the HEN. This procedure was applied to examples taken from literature and better results were obtained.     

基于温度和热容流率同时变化的有分流换热网络弹性设计的研究

A new superstructure model of heat exchanger networks (HEN) with stream splits based on rangers of streams supply temperatures and heat capacity flow rates is presented. The simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible HEN synthesis is established too. Firstly, the streams with rangers of supply temperatures and/or the streams with the rangers of heat capacity flow rates are pretreated; Secondly, several rules are proposed to establish the superstructure model of HEN with splits and the simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible HEN; Thirdly, the improving genetic algorithm is applied to solve the mathematical model established at the second step effectively, and the original optimal structure of HEN based on the maximum operation limiting condition can be obtained easily; Finally, the rules of heat exchange unit merged and the heat load of heat exchanger relaxed are presented, the flexible configuration of HEN satisfied the operation condition between the upper and down bounds of supply temperature and heat capacity flow rates can be obtained based on the original optimal structure of HEN by means of these rules. A case study demonstrates the method presented in this paper is effective     

用遗传算法进行多流股换热器网络综合的研究

建立了多流股换热器网络综合数学模型，该模型改进了文献中等温混合的不合理假设。多流股换热器网络综合问题本质上是一个混合整数非线性规划问题(MINLP)，这类问题的非凸非线性的特性使得目标函数存在多个局部最优解。传统的基于梯度的搜索方法在处理这类问题时由于计算规模庞大且极易陷于局部最优解而不再适用，而遗传算法却为解决这类问题提供了很有希望的一个方向。因而对遗传算法求解多流股换热器网络综合问题进行了研究，提出了可以自动产生可行的多流股换热器网络的方法策略，最后通过两个例题说明所提方法是可行的。     

大规模复杂过程系统能量综合方法

针对过程系统工程的一个难点－－全过程系统能量综合,提出了“过程用能一致性原则”,从用能的角度上提高系统的集成性,将全过程系统的能量综合问题为相应的虚拟换热网络综合问题;并对大规模虚拟换热网络的求解进行了研究,提出了适用的分解策略;应用自行开发的过程用能夹点分析软件进行用能分析及换热网络匹配,实例分析节能效果显著。     

基于专家系统和遗传算法的换热网络的建模和优化

A new superstructure from of heat exchanger networks(HEN) is proposed based on expert system (ES). The new superstructure from is combined with the practical engineering.The different investment cost formula for different heat exchanger is also presented based on ES.The mathematical model for the simultaneous optimization of network configuration is established and solved by a genetic algorithm.This method can deal with larger scale HEN synthesis and the optimal HEN configuration is obtained automatically.Finally,a case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

基于超结构法的热集成间接式功交换网络综合

换热网络综合的研究和应用对于提高能源利用率已被证明是有效的,而用于回收更高品质能量的功交换网络综合的研究仍处于起步阶段。针对间接式功交换网络综合中复杂推动力约束对流股匹配的制约问题,构建了一种考虑级间热集成的拓展超结构,基于线性拟合压缩机和涡轮机的操作曲线,提出了功源与功阱间流股匹配的识别方法;针对压力、流量与温度的高度非凸非线性关系,提出了采用热集成优化每一级入口温度的松弛策略,建立了以年度总费用最小为目标的混合整数非线性规划模型,通过GAMS求解得到最优的间接式功交换网络结构。最后通过一个算例分析,验证所提方法的有效性和可行性。