窑具材料中红柱石的烧结性能分析

以红柱石为颗粒料,矾土,红柱石为细粉,粘土和纸浆废液为结合剂,在1 380℃×4h烧成制度下,研究了红柱石的莫来石化作用及显微结构特征,分析了细粉中红柱石的加入量对窑具材料线膨胀率及常温耐压强度的影响.显微结构分析表明:在1 380℃×4h烧成制度下红柱石的莫来石化程度好,颗粒红柱石的莫来石化针状晶体呈互相平行,并与红柱石颗粒边沿呈垂直排列;细粉红柱石的针状莫来石晶体交结呈网络结构,加强了材料的组织结构,10～15%的红柱石细粉对窑具材料性能有利.     

发泡法制备莫来石多孔陶瓷

以碳化硅及碳酸钙为造孔剂,采用发泡–注凝成型结合添加造孔剂法制备了具有大孔–介孔复合孔结构的莫来石多级孔陶瓷,研究了SiC加入量对莫来石多孔陶瓷常温物理性能和高温隔热性能的影响。结果表明:以莫来石粉体为主要原料,以CaCO₃和SiC为造孔剂,采用发泡结合添加造孔剂法可制备具有较高闭气孔率的莫来石多孔陶瓷;当SiC加入量为4%(质量分数)时,所制备试样的导热系数最低,其孔隙率约为69.9%。     

红柱石原料高温结构演变及抗钾蒸气侵蚀行为研究

红柱石是铝硅系耐火材料重要的原料之一，因完全莫来石化后具有莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相相间的结构而表现出优异的抗碱侵蚀性能。然而，其莫来石化程度与抗碱侵蚀性能之间的关系尚未厘清。为此，本工作以粒度为3～5 mm的红柱石为研究对象，在1 450～1 600℃下热处理红柱石3 h,研究了红柱石的莫来石化过程与结构演变，并采用碱蒸气法研究了抗碱侵蚀行为。结果表明，随着热处理温度的提高，红柱石表面及裂纹附近先转变形成莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相结构，随后莫来石化转变不断向内部发展，直至完全莫来石化。红柱石莫来石化程度不同决定了其不同的抗碱侵蚀行为。1 450℃热处理后的红柱石表面及大裂纹附近形成的莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相复合层较薄，侵蚀以红柱石与钾蒸气直接反应为主，抗碱侵蚀性能较差；1 500℃及以上温度热处理的红柱石表面及大裂纹附近形成了一定厚度的莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相复合层，钾蒸气首先与高硅氧玻璃相反应形成含钾硅酸盐液相，随后该液相对莫来石相产生侵蚀溶解，阻止了碱蒸气对莫来石的直接反应侵蚀，从而使红柱石表现出优良的抗碱侵蚀性能。     

红柱石基刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷的显微结构及性能

以红柱石颗粒为主要骨料,辅以莫来石颗粒和刚玉颗粒,硅微粉、铝微粉为基质料,经混合、困料及成型后,经不同温度下烧成4h,制得莫来石基刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷,分析了烧成温度对复相陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构、烧成性能、力学性能及热学性能。结果表明:红柱石在高温下转化成针状和柱状莫来石改善复相陶瓷的烧成性能和抗热震性能;在1480℃烧成时,红柱石刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷具有优越性能,其抗折强度为15.4MPa,耐压强度为91.6MPa,热膨胀系数为5.5×10-6/K,1100℃下水冷的抗热震次数达到99次。     

氟化铝对红柱石莫来石化的影响

本文主要研究了氟化铝的加入对红柱石矿物转化为莫来石的温度,转化程度以及生成相莫来石的形态的影响.结果表明,加入6wt％氟化铝可以使红柱石矿物在1300℃完全莫来石化;同时氟化铝的加入可以促进莫来石晶体各向异性生长,得到直径为0.5～2.0 μm,长径比为20～40的莫来石晶须,可以用于制备自增韧的莫来石陶瓷或莫来石晶须增强的复合材料.     

烧成温度和保温时间对红柱石基材料烧结性能的影响

以高纯度南非红柱石(有4～1mm、<1mm和<0.088mm三种粒级,且4～1mm的颗粒料为1500℃3h煅烧过的熟料)和活性氧化铝细粉(粒度<0.044mm)为原料,经配料、混练、成型、干燥后,将一部分试样分别在1300℃、1400℃、1500℃和1600℃下保温3h煅烧;另一部分试样在1600℃下分别保温1h、3h、6h和9h煅烧,待试样随炉冷却至常温后,检测其体积密度、显气孔率、耐压强度和烧成线变化率等,并采用XRD、SEM等手段分析各试样的物相组成和显微结构,以研究烧成温度及保温时间对高纯度红柱石的莫来石化程度及对红柱石基材料烧结性能的影响。结果表明:提高烧成温度对促进高纯红柱石的莫来石化十分有效,延长保温时间对于促进制品的烧结作用很大;高纯红柱石基材料需在1600℃下保温3h烧成,才能使红柱石完全莫来石化;欲使材料烧结良好且玻璃相含量低,物相较纯,则保温时间要达到6h左右。     

红柱石砖的抗热震性

通过实验对比了烧成和不烧红柱石砖的矿物成分、超声波速度及显微结构，发现了红柱石莫来石化形成的复合显微结构使得红柱石烧成砖有良好的抗热震性，在热循环中其性能的均一性和重复再现性与不烧砖相比有明显优势。     

Mg2+、La3+和Ce4+对红柱石增强莫来石质陶瓷性能的影响

以天然红柱石和活性氧化铝为原料,利用细磨、等静压等工艺,通过固相反应烧结制备出红柱石增强莫来石质陶瓷。借助于X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等对样品的相组成、晶胞参数和显微结构进行计算和分析,研究了成型方式和Mg2+、La3+和Ce4+掺杂对反应烧结制备红柱石增强莫来石质陶瓷烧结性能和热震稳定性的影响。结果表明:通过掺杂一定量Mg2+、La3+和Ce4+,利用等静压成型,经1 500℃保温2h烧成,可制备出具有高致密度和良好热震稳定性的莫来石质陶瓷。加入大于4%的氧化镁可以显著提高红柱石增强莫来石陶瓷的致密性和热震前后常温耐压强度保持率。掺杂La3+可以起到促烧结作用;引入少量Ce4+,不仅有利于提高莫来石陶瓷烧结性,而且有利于提高材料的热震稳定性。     

用不同硅质原料来制备莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷

分别以Al(OH)3为铝质原料,气相白炭黑和硅灰为硅质原料,在1330 ℃下实现了莫来石的低温合成,莫来石转化率达90%以上.以碳化硅为骨料,以20%结合剂制得了莫来石结合碳化硅复相陶瓷多孔材料.当材料的气孔率为31.46%时,抗折强度达85.75 MPa.利用XRD和SEM分别研究了不同硅质原料合成莫来石结合碳化硅材料中莫来石转化率及材料烧成温度对材料性能的影响.作为比较,研究了以红柱石为合成莫来石原料来制备Mullite/SiC复相陶瓷多孔材料.     

红柱石对COREX炉用锆刚玉砖性能的影响

为了进一步优化COREX熔融还原炼铁炉用锆刚玉砖的性能,在以电熔白刚玉、板状刚玉、锆英石为主要原料配料的锆刚玉砖中引入8%(w)的红柱石,经混练后成型为标型砖,置于电炉中1 620℃保温4 h烧成制备成锆刚玉砖,通过对其常规理化性能,显微结构和物相等方面分析研究红柱石对锆刚玉性能的影响。结果表明:红柱石的引入可明显降低材料的显气孔率,提高耐压强度和荷重软化温度;红柱石烧结过程中形成针柱状莫来石相穿插于刚玉和氧化锆之间,可起到强化骨架的作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。