Effect of VC addition on the microstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets

In this paper, Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets were prepared by nano particles, and the effect of VC addition on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets was investigated. The results showed that there existed black-core grayish-rim structure as well as gray-core grayish-rim structure in VC-doped Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets. With the increase of VC addition, the number of gray cores increased, the lattice parameter of Ti(C,N) phase increased, the grain size decreased, the hardness and fracture toughness of Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets were enhanced, and nearly full densification could be achieved. However, excessive addition of VC to 1 wt% resulted in slight decrease in hardness and fracture toughness. Some deep dimples were found in the fracture surface of cermets with VC addition, which corresponded to ductile fracture.     

Ni-Ti合金对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法真空烧结制备了添加Ni-Ti形状记忆合金的Ti(C,N)-Co系金属陶瓷,研究了Ni-Ti合金对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:未加Ni-Ti合金的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的显微组织表现为经典的黑芯-灰壳组织,陶瓷相多为球形;而加入Ni-Ti后的金属陶瓷随着Ni-Ti加入量的增多,组织逐渐细化,出现了多边形的陶瓷相,陶瓷相与粘结相的界面呈现直线关系。同时,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性随着Ni-Ti合金加入量的增多有明显的提高,而硬度基本保持不变;Ni-Ti合金的加入量为15wt%时金属陶瓷获得最好的力学性能。     

原始粉末粒度组合对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究了TiC和TiN在不同粒度组合下,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织和性能。利用SEM、XRD等分析手段对所制备的金属陶瓷进行分析。结果表明,采用微米级TiC和纳米级TiN粒度组合得到的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷综合力学性能最好。其抗弯强度达到了1 052.8 MPa,断裂韧性达到了9.3 MPa·m1/2。     

纳米改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的渗硼处理

真空烧结制备了纳米改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,并对其进行了固体粉末渗硼处理。研究了渗硼处理对不同金属相的纳米TiN改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响。光学显微照片表明,材料的表面形成一层渗硼层;X射线对材料的物相分析表明,试样表面的渗硼层为TiB2、MoB、Ni3B、NiB、CoB等硼化物;硬度测试结果表明,试样的表面显微硬度大大提高。试验结果表明,不同金属相含量的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷均具有可渗硼性。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷断口形貌及增韧机理

采用真空烧结工艺制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,测定了材料的力学性能。结果表明,其力学性能与未加纳米粉的金属陶瓷相比,硬度略有升高,但横向断裂韧性提高了近一倍。断口形貌和微观组织分析表明:金属陶瓷的断口形貌与其强韧性有着密切的关系。纳米粉的加入降低了原始粉末的平均粒度,使得金属陶瓷硬质相的粒度降低,减小了晶粒间的平均自由程。镶嵌于大颗粒环形相和弥散分布于粘结相中的细小硬质相颗粒,对裂纹的形成和扩展起到阻碍作用,会使金属陶瓷因裂纹扩展途径发生偏转而增韧。     

硬质相比例含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响

本文采用真空烧结方法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,结合光学金相显微镜、SEM以及力学性能检测等手段,研究了硬质相Ti(C0.5,N0.5)、(Ti39.8W46.9)C的比例含量对金属陶瓷微观性能、力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,经过真空条件1 450℃烧结60 min,不同比例硬质相的金属陶瓷微观组织均出现有明显的核芯/环形结构。随着硬质相(Ti39.8,W46.9)C含量增加,Ti(C0.5,N0.5)相含量减小,黑芯硬质相数量减小,环形相厚度增加,白芯硬质相增加。基体硬度逐渐降低而抗弯强度则逐渐增加,断裂韧性随白芯数量增加而有所提升。通过研究综合性能,当硬质相Ti(C0.5,N0.5)和(Ti39.8W46.9)C的质量分数比例分别为29.6%及29.5%,力学性能最佳,硬度达到92.2±0.3 HRA,抗弯强度为2 050±50MPa,断裂韧性为10.2±0.2 MPa·m1/2。     

EFFECT OF Mo AND Mo2C ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE CERMETS BASED ON Ti（C,N）

Effect of Mo and Mo2 C on the microstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets was investigated in this article. The results have indicated that the weight percentage of Mo from 5 to 10 can reduce Ti（C,N） grain diameter and thickness of the rim, and Ti（C,N） grain can be wetted by Ni-Cu-Mo liquid so as to get small contiguity of Ti（C,N） grain. In that way, the transverse rupture strength of Ti（C,N）-based cermets has reached 1800-1900 MPa; the fracture toughness has been due to 16-18 MPa.m1/2. But 15 wt pct Mo was not more effective on Ti（C,N）-based cermets, because the thickness of the rim becomes larger. In the circumstance of Mo2 C, 5 wt pct Mo2 C was good for microstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets, but 11 wt pct Mo2C has resulted in larger contiguity of Ti（C,N） grain and big Ti（C,N） grain diameter so as to reduce transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness. So that, the effect of Mo on Ti（C,N）-based cermets is better than Mo2C.     

镍钴对超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响

研究了Co部分和全部代替Ni对超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪对物相研究发现:金属相中w(Co)=10%和w(Co)=15%时,金属陶瓷中出现金属间化合物,并且有两种Co的同素异构体并存;力学性能测试表明:5%的Co取代5%的Ni可以明显提高金属陶瓷的抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性。金属相为10%Ni-5%Co时,材料的综合力学性能最好。     

Cr_3C_2对纳米Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

研究了Cr3C2含量对纳米Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响。测定了抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧度;进行了XRD相结构分析;用扫描电镜观察了组织结构与断口形貌。结果表明,Cr3C2添加量为1.5%时,材料的综合性能最好。     

Mo对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷包覆相结构与性能的影响

研究了不同Mo含量对高镍Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷包覆相的组织结构与性能的影响。在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中添加3%～15%不同含量的Mo,分别于1420℃、1430℃、1440℃温度下,进行真空烧结制备试样,通过扫描电镜观察组织结构与断口形貌,用三点弯曲法测试抗弯强度,用洛氏硬度计测得试样硬度。结果表明:当Mo含量为9%时材料的组织均匀,形成的包覆相厚度适中;在1430℃真空烧结时,比在1420℃及1440℃烧结时材料的力学性能好;当真空烧结温度为1430℃、Mo含量为9%时,试样的综合性能最好。     

Effects of molybdenum on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets with low Ni

The effects of Mo on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets with low Ni have been studied systematically. Different contents of Mo （4-12 wt.%） were added into Tl（C,N）-based cermets. Specimens were fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy and vacuum sintered at temperatures of 1440, 1450, and 1460℃ individually. The microstructure and fracture morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties such as transverse strength and hardness were measured. The results show that the microstructure is uniform and the thickness of rim phase is moderate when the content of Mo is 8 wt.%; the mechanical properties of the specimens sintered at 1450℃ are better than those sintered at 1440 and 1460℃. The integrated properties of transverse strength and hardness are the best when the content of Mo is 8 wt.% and the sintering temperature is 1450℃.     

Effects of NiTi additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe and investigate the microstructure and fracture morphology of Ti(C,N)-based cermets added with NiTi alloy powder. A new ceramic phase is found with the structure of gray core, black inner rim, noncontinuous white inner rim and continuous gray outer rim. The fracture toughness and the transverse rupture strength have a distinct trend to increase with the increase of NiTi powder content in Ti(C,N)-based cermets, while the hardness has the opposite trend. Grain refinement and the increase of metallic phase are the dominant strengthening and toughening mechanisms. Additionally, the crack deflection and bridging may play an active role in improving the properties, as well as the special structure of large metallic binder containing many small ceramic particles. In cermets with a higher content of NiTi powder, the microcrack and the crack closure effect induced by martensitic transformation are advantageous to the mechanical properties.     

Ti(C,N)_w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与力学性能研究

采用Ti(C,N)晶须和颗粒复合粉末(Ti(C,N)w+Ti(C,N)p)制备Ti(C,N)w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了复合粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Ti(C,N)w的加入,金属陶瓷的各项力学性能都得到了提高。组织表现为环形相结构特征,与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷相比,双层环形相结构所占比例增大,且尺寸加厚。烧结组织中Ti(C,N)w的长径比大于临界长径比,在强化金属陶瓷方面起着重要的作用。环形相使Ti(C,N)w与基体界面结合紧密,增韧机制主要表现为裂纹桥联和裂纹偏转,拔出效应不明显。     

(Ti,W,Ta)(C,N)_p/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与性能

采用自制的多元复式碳氮化物陶瓷粉末 ((Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p)制备 (Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了 (Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p 粉末的组织结构特征及其加入对金属陶瓷的组织及性能的影响。结果表明 ,多元复式碳氮化物粉末的晶格常数与元素的固溶度有很好的对应关系 ,调整粉末中元素的固溶度可控制粉末的晶格常数 ,进而控制材料的性能。 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中 (Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p 粉末的加入 ,有利于重金属元素 W和 Ta向粘结相中扩散 ,从而降低了硬质相在粘结相中的溶解度 ,阻碍了晶粒长大。(Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷各项性能指标优于 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷和国外对应的金属陶瓷牌号 CT5 2 5的产品。强化机制主要表现为细晶强化与固溶强化。     

二次颗粒尺寸和添加WC对双结构金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

研究了二次颗粒尺寸和添加WC对双结构金属陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明二次颗粒均匀地分布在基体中,随着添加WC含量的增加,组织中白芯灰壳结构和无芯结构增加。组织中发现了一种新的四层复合结构的硬质相。随着二次颗粒尺寸的增加,材料的断裂韧性提高,但抗弯曲度和硬度下降,而提高WC加入量,断裂韧性和抗弯曲度提高,但硬度有所下降。更高的断裂韧性主要归功于裂纹的分叉、桥接、偏转、微裂纹以及二次颗粒的拔出效应。     

High-quality Ti(C,N)-based cermets via solid-state nitrogen-pressure sintering: Influence of the sintering atmosphere

Owing to the denitrification behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets during the sintering process, nitrogen atmosphere sintering is essential for the fabrication of high-quality products. Disclosing the roles of the sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and properties of cermet is of significance. Herein, Ti(C,N)-based cermets were fabricated under six types of sintering atmosphere. Effects of sintering atmosphere on the microstructure, coercive force (Hc), specific saturation magnetization (Ms (%)), and mechanical properties of cermets were investigated. More rimless Ti(C,N) grains with increased fraction of black cores were formed with increasing the nitrogen partial pressure. Three types of gradient structure of cermets were confirmed caused by the different nitrogen activity at the liquid sintering state. Vacuum sintering induced the formation of thicker rims on smaller Ti(C,N) cores at the surface due to the low nitrogen potential, while fcc solid solutions rich in N was formed in nitrogen atmosphere. Vacuum sintered cermets showed the lowest Hc and Ms. (%) of 3.66 KA/m and 2.13%, owing to the denitrification process. High-quality Ti(C,N)-based cermets were achieved via the solid-state nitrogen atmosphere sintering, benefiting from the optimized core-rim structure, i.e. moderate thickness of rims and certain amount of black Ti(C,N) cores.     

Effect of carbon content and cooling mode on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Ti(C,N)-based cermets were prepared by vacuum liquid sintering. The effects of carbon content as well as cooling mode on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the cermets were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were also measured. The grains of Ti(C,N)-based cermets became finer and solid solubility of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten in binder phases decreased with increasing carbon content. The thickness of the rim phases increased when the cermet was annealed at 1360 °C for 30 min during cooling, which resulted in the decrease of the hardness and the transverse rupture strength (TRS). On the other hand, the magnetic saturation of Ti(C,N)-based cermets increased with increasing carbon content, which was due to the decrease of the solid solution of alloy elements in binder phases.     

WC粒径对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

用真空烧结法制备了添加微米级和亚微米级WC的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究了WC粒径对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:添加微米级和亚微米级WC的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷试样均呈现出典型的"芯-环"结构,但在添加了亚微米级WC的试样中出现了"白芯-灰环"结构。同时,随着原始WC颗粒粒径的变小,其硬质相和黑色的芯相尺寸变小,而且黑色的芯相体积分数也变小。能谱分析表明,白色芯相具有与环形相相同的元素组成,但白色芯相含有较多的W和Mo元素。力学性能测试表明,添加亚微米级WC的金属陶瓷的抗弯强度要优于添加微米级WC的金属陶瓷,但硬度却偏低。     

粉末渗硼处理对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织性能的影响

通过真空烧结方法制备纳米改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,并对其进行固体粉末渗硼处理。研究了渗硼处理对纳米改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、SEM、XRD以及EDS等方法对组织结构进行研究,用带有刻度的显微硬度计观察渗硼层的厚度并测量显微硬度,利用DCS-5000型万能材料实验机采用三点弯曲法测试试样抗弯强度。结果表明,试样表面获得约30μm厚的渗硼层,组成成分为TiB2、MoB2、CoB和Ni3B等硼化物,渗硼试样的表面显微硬度提高43%,但抗弯强度有所下降。     

烧结工艺对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,利用金相图像分析系统和扫描电镜观察陶瓷表面孔洞和微观组织形貌,分析了热处理和烧结气氛工艺对不同碳氮比的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:真空烧结后的热处理工艺可使Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的横向断裂强度提高10%以上,硬度也有不同程度的提高,其中Ti(C0.5 N0.5)基金属陶瓷适合采用低压工艺处理,Ti(C0.7 N0.3)基金属陶瓷适合采用热等静压工艺处理.氮气气氛烧结中,Ti(C0.5 N0.5)基金属陶瓷在氮分压值为2kPa时的横向断裂强度达到最大值,而硬度变化不明显,这可归因于合适的氮分压阻碍了金属陶瓷内氮化物的分解,提高了材料的致密度,细化了晶粒组织.