一种基于知网的中文词义消歧算法

词义消歧对自然语言处理领域许多问题的研究具有重要的理论和实践价值.针对该问题,提出了一种基于知网的中文词义消歧算法.为了考虑上下文词汇对词义消歧的不同影响,以语义相似度计算为基础,设计了三种语义联系强度计算方法,并且制定了四条词义消歧规则,依此实现中文词义消歧.实验数据显示该方法可获得65%左右的召回率和75%左右的准确率.     

基于特征加权重叠度的中文实体协同消歧方法

该文针对中文实体消歧中的特征项部分匹配和协同消歧问题,提出基于特征加权重叠度的中文实体协同消歧方法。该方法利用实体指称上下文中多种特征的加权重叠度计算实体指称相似度,针对实体链接与消歧聚类约束,分类定义实体指称相似度计算方法,构建待消歧实体相似度矩阵,采用近邻传播聚类算法实现中文实体协同链接与消歧。基于CLP-2012评测数据的实验表明,提出的方法取得了较好的消歧效果,准确率、召回率和F值分别达到了84.01%、87.75%和85.65%。     

基于MDL聚类的无导词义消歧

无导词义消歧避免了人工词义标注的巨大工作量，可以适应大规模的多义词消歧工作，具有广阔的应用前景．提出了一种无导词义消歧的方法，该方法以hownet词库为词典，采用二阶上下文构造上下文向量，使用MDL算法进行聚类，最后通过计算相似度来进行词义的排歧．实验是在抽取术语的基础上进行的，在8个汉语高频多义词的测试中取得了平均准确率81．12％的较好的效果．     

基于词典属性特征的粗粒度词义消歧

本文依据《现代汉语语法信息词典》中对词语多义的属性特征描述,对《人民日报》语料中155 个词语共 4 996 个同形实例进行了粗粒度词义自动消歧实验,同时用贝叶斯算法进行了比较测试。基于词典属性特征的消歧方法在同形层面上准确率达到 90%, 但召回率偏低。其优点在于两个方面: 1) 不受词义标注语料库规模的影响;2) 对特定词语意义的消歧准确率可达到100%。本文也讨论了适用于不同词类的消歧特征。     

面向词义消歧的条件随机场模型库构建

以条件随机场(CRF)作为构建词义消歧模型库的概率模型,利用CRF分别训练高频义项和低频义项标点句语料,应用生成的模型文件进行消歧实验.通过分析标注结果中的概率值确定阈值,以区分标注正确项和错误项.使用表现较好的模型文件和相应阈值构建面向词义消歧的条件随机场模型库.实验结果证明,对低频义项建模的词义消歧效果优于对高频义项进行建模,可以达到80％以上的正确率,并且可以获得较高的召回率.     

基于锚点词对的双语词对齐算法

双语词对齐是指在源、译文中找到词汇级的对译关系，是自然语言处理领域一个非常有用而又比较困难的研究课题．其中涉及词法、语法、语义以及英汉语言问的固有差异和翻译习惯等诸多问题．文章在词法分析的基础上，利用有限的语言资源（主要只使用了一部双语词典），采取多级匹配和消歧策略，将词对齐问题转化为迭代求解锚点词对的过程，使得词对齐既有较高的准确率又有较高的召回率．经过对真实语料的测试，词对齐准确率达93．0％，召回率迭77．3％．F值达84．2％．基本上满足了有关应用的实际要采．     

汉语口语对话系统中语义分析的消歧策略

框架语义分析是目前汉语口语对话系统中常用的语义解析方法,本文分析了语义分析过程中容易产生的两种典型歧义现象- 结构歧义和语义关系歧义。并针对这两种歧义结构,分别提出基于语义PCFG模型的结构歧义消歧策略以及基于语义期待模型EM的语义关系歧义消歧策略,并给出了有效的消歧算法。实验结果表明综合运用本文提出的消歧策略后,基线系统理解模块的句子语义分析正确率大大提高,从原来的7517 %上升到9115 % ,而且标志语义单元理解率的三项指标,准确率,召回率和精度也平均提高了10 %。     

基于机器学习方法的事件指代消歧研究

与实体指代不同,事件指代其先行词候选是一个事件,与名词性的指代词具有完全不同的语义分类体系,因此适用于实体指代消歧的大多数特征都不能用于事件指代消歧。给出了一个基于机器学习方法的事件指代消歧平台,详细介绍了平台的实例生成和特征选择过程,给出了平台在OntoNotes3.0语料上的事件指代消歧的结果,并对结果进行了分析。从实验结果可以看到,给出的平台获得了较好的召回率,但系统准确率需要进一步提升。     

基于稀疏分布式表征的英文著者姓名消歧研究

为将稀疏分布式表征理论应用到著者姓名消歧,了解其在解决姓名消歧问题时的效果,提出了基于稀疏分布式表征的英文文献著者姓名消歧方法。该方法选择论文摘要文本信息作为消歧特征,将其生成二进制表示的SDR码。根据待消歧论文的SDR与同名作者的论文SDR相似度对比来实现著者姓名消歧。最终得到的结果为准确率98.21%,召回率76.75%,◢F◣值86.17%,证明提出的消歧方法具有较好的效果。通过将该方法与利用合著者特征进行消歧的方法进行对比,说明该方法能够较好地解决文献著者姓名歧义问题。此外,该方法还可将作者未收录在作者库中的论文识别出来并将其指派给新作者,无须重新学习和更新模型。     

基于同义词链的中文关键词提取算法

针对传统中文关键词提取对语义和同义词的不重视而导致的精确度和召回率低的问题,提出基于同义词链的中文关键词提取算法。利用上下文窗口和消歧算法解决词语在上下文中的语义问题,利用文档中的同义词构建同义词链,简化候选词的选取。根据同义词链的特征,得到相应的权重计算公式,对候选词进行过滤。实验结果表明,该算法在同义词较多的文档中精确度和召回率有较大的提高,平均性能也有明显改善。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。