不同盐度海水的光击穿声辐射特性研究

强激光聚焦于水下时,通过光击穿机制辐射强声波信号。水体介质的盐度不同,在同等的激光参数、光学系统条件下,光击穿辐射的声波在强度、脉冲波形、频谱特征上具有一定的差异性。为研究水介质盐度对激光击穿形成的空泡辐射声波的影响,构建了激光声测量系统,实验研究了不同水体盐度参数对光击穿辐射声信号的影响。结论：激光击穿水介质伴随空泡脉动、声信号辐射效应;激光声信号脉冲宽度与水体盐度无关;空泡尺寸和激光声信号强度与激光脉冲能量成正比关系;水体盐度与激光声信号的强度早非线性变化关系。研究结果有助于激光声在海洋中的应用。     

不同黏性液体激光击穿声辐射特性研究

激光与液体介质相互作用时,在不同液体参数情况下,光击穿辐射声信号具有较大的差异性.为研究液体黏性、饱和蒸汽压等特性对激光击穿形成的空泡辐射声波的影响,推导了激光空泡壁的运动方程,构建了激光击穿声辐射测量系统,实验研究了不同液体参数对光击穿辐射声信号的影响.结论:液体饱和蒸汽压越高.激光空泡膨胀辐射的声波强度越低;液体黏性系数越大,将减缓空泡溃灭的速率,导致空泡牛存周期增长,并使空泡溃灭辐射的声波强度降低.     

水下目标的激光双波段探测技术

研究了一种采用蓝绿波段激光、红外波段激光相结合的水下双波段激光探测技术,分析了红外波段激光击穿水辐射声波应用于水下探测的基本模式、探测特点及声信号的激发机理,实验研究了激光声信号的强度、波形、频谱等特性.实验结果表明,双波段激光复合探测模式可将空中光信道、水中声信道结合起来,具有强大的技术优势;激光声信号应用于水下探测,具有优良的脉冲特性及频谱特征.研究结果有助于推动激光在海洋中的探测应用.     

液体激光聚焦击穿声辐射特性研究

激光与水介质相互作用时,在不同激光聚焦位置情况下,光击穿辐射声信号具有较大的差异性。为研究激光聚焦位置对辐射声波的影响,构建了激光声测量系统,实验研究了激光聚焦位置对光击穿辐射声信号的影响。结果表明,激光声信号脉冲宽度主要与激光脉冲宽度相关,与激光聚焦位置无关;激光聚焦位置影响声信号的时域波形及信号强度;应避免激光在空气中聚焦击穿。该研究结果有助于激光声研究的深入开展。     

不同环境压强下激光空泡特性研究

构建了激光空泡测量实验平台,使用脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生激光空泡,由水听器对激光空泡溃灭辐射声信号进行接收,利用充气泵对高压水箱内的气压进行精确控制。通过仿真计算和实验对不同环境压强下的激光空泡特征和其溃灭时辐射声信号的峰值变化特性进行了研究。结果表明:当环境压强处在0.1~0.7 MPa 范围内变化时,随着环境压强的增大,激光空泡首次脉动周期和空泡最大半径逐渐减小,两者的变化速率逐渐减小。空泡溃灭时辐射声信号的峰值声压在0.1~0.4 MPa内逐渐增大,在0.4~0.7MPa 内逐渐减小,且增大速率大于减小速率。     

一种跨介质的空中-水下激光致声探测技术研究

跨空水介质间的探测技术是世界主要海洋国家的热点研究问题。为研究空中平台与水下的激光致声探测技术,文中在光击穿机制下采用纳秒脉冲激光与水听器之间的光声信号转换来进行空-水跨介质探测模拟实验研究及验证工作。搭建了激光致声空气-水下实验测试系统,采集了激光声扫描探测数据,对典型实验数据在时域内进行分析得出了激光激励声波的传播特性,根据时间互易原理实现了水下激光声信号的三维探测成像。利用有限元法进行激光在水下激发声波及传播的数值仿真,据此对实验进行了验证。此外,从仿真中发现通过提高脉冲能量至2.8×1010 W/cm2所激励的声波在传播400 m后仍能观测出明显的信号,信噪比约为11.3 dB,证明了百米级传输及探测的可能性。此研究结果为采用激光致声技术进行跨空-水介质探测提供了依据。     

激光诱导双空泡声波特性研究

利用高功率激光与液体物质相互作用产生双空泡,采用高速照相机、高频测量水听器对激光双空泡的生长过程及辐射的声波信号进行了测量,对不同双空泡间距、不同激光能量产生的以及不同方位的声波分别进行采集,并与单空泡声波进行比较,对其特性进行分析。分析结果表明:双空泡之间距离的减小与作用激光能量的增大,引起空化声波声压逐渐增大;而双空泡声波频率峰值始终保持在1kHz,与实验条件的改变无关;双空泡声波相对于单空泡声波声压增大,频率峰值并没有发生明显的改变。     

一种改进的水下光击穿声辐射计算方法

为了从理论上对光击穿辐射声波进行定量描述,在点源模型的基础上提出了一种改进的水下光击穿声辐射计算方法,利用波动方程和水下爆炸理论求解单点击穿的辐射声波,并推导了多点击穿的辐射声波。从理论上对多点击穿的声压波形、声源级、传播特性和指向性进行了定量计算,并通过实验数据对比进行了验证。结果表明,计算与实验结果是一致的,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性;当激光能量从0.1J增大至0.8J时,声源级从182.4dB增至188.2dB;当激光能量高于0.3J时,声源级变化很小;在垂直等离子柱体的方向上声波辐射最强,在等离子柱体方向辐射最弱,所有方向上声波强度均与距离的平方成反比。     

液体中激光等离子体声波声谱特性研究

对高功率激光与液体物质作用时产生的等离子体声波声谱特性进行了实验研究.采用压电陶瓷(PZT)水听器测量了不同情况下的激光等离子体声波,对采集的信号经过傅立叶变换(FFT)后得到相应的声谱进行频谱分析.结果表明:激光等离子体声波的频谱分布、峰值频率与激光能量、激光在水下的衰减特性和水下环境无关.     

激光多普勒技术跨介质探测水声信号的研究

海洋是丰富的资源宝库，对海洋资源的开发和利用尤为重要。水空跨介质探测、通信、水下目标确定等技术一直是相关工作者关注的热点，同时也是技术难题。声波作为一种机械波，是水中良好的传播载体，因此通过提取水下声波信息进行水空跨介质探测及通信不失为一种好方法，但目前仍缺少完整的水下声信号传播模型及试验基础。本文提出一种基于有限元方法的水下声信号产生水面波纹振动的仿真模型，并运用激光多普勒测振技术对水面波纹进行检测，通过试验与仿真两种方式均能在水面以上精准得到水下声波信息。在相同水下声信号参数的条件下，试验与仿真得到的水面波纹振幅大小一致，验证了激光多普勒测振技术用于获取水下声波信息的可行性及所建立仿真模型的正确性，为实现水空跨介质探测及通信的突破提供了试验基础及理论依据。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.